US1525156A - Fuel-injection valve for oil engines - Google Patents

Description

F. C. TEU F l FUEL INJECTION VALVE FOR OIL ENGINES Feb, 3, 1925.

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Feb. 3, 1925- r 1,525,156

F. C. TEUFL FUEL INJECTION VALVE FOR OIL ENGINES OFiled May 2, 1922 2 shuts-Sheet P 5 l W m. F m

Patented Feb. 3, 1925. l

STATES FRANZ CARL TEUFL, 0F OIL CITY, PENNSYLVANIA FUEL-INJECTION VALVE FOR OIL ENGINES.

Application led May 2, 1922. Serial No. 557,855.'

To cZlfwhom t may concern:

Be it ,known that I, FRANZ C. TEUFL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Oil City, in the county of Venango and State of Pennsylvania, have iii-vented certain new and useful Improvements in Fuel-Injection Valves for Oil Engines, of Awhich the following is a specification.

The objects, construction and operation of my improved fuel-oil injection yvalve for oil engines, are hereinset forth with sufficient clearness, to enable others skilled in the arts to which its construction and use respectively relate, to make and use thel same.

One yof the objects of my invention is, to

provide an automatically-actuated fuel in'` jection valve of a novel type, in which mechanical actuation of the valve-closure element is dispensed with, and in place thereof an automatic actuation by the fuel v itself is substituted.

Another object is,'to provide a fuel-injection valve which will to a greater vextent than heretofore, be self-cleansing.

Still another object of this invention is,

to provide a fuel-injection valve which, by

slight modification Will produce injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine either'in the form of a spray, or in the form of a stream, which latter form is known yas solid injection. A

My improved fuel-oil injection valve is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which are hereinafter referred to, and form a part of this specification. c

In said drawings: Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the form of valve which is yadapted to produce spray injection.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section throughv the casing of the valve, the closure element being shown in elevation.

. llice 15 at the inner end of said casin Fig. 6 is a transverse section on lin'e VI-VI of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a detail` view of the solid injectionl nozzle.

The construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is substantially as follows:

A valve casing 1 is provided which is Substantially tubular in form, the bore of which is enlarged in diameter adjacent the outer end thereof to form a bearing and turbine chamber 2. At its inner endl said bore is reduced at 3 for the purpose of closely conforming to the diameter of the closure element adjacent its inner end, and for a further purpose which will presently be' set forth.

The closure element for said valve comprises a tubular member 4, havin at its outer end an annular collar or ange 5 which serves a double function, namely, that of a bearinrr for said closure member, whereupon, at certain periodical intervals of its operation itv becomes revoluble, --and the function of a turbine or motor adapted to be driven by the fuel oil as it enters said casing. y I j Ball bearings are provided for said collar 5, and the balls 6 upon the inner side of said flange or collar 5 rest upon the shoulder 7 of the valve-casing 1. The Iballs 8 upon the outer `opposite side of said collar lie between the outer face thereof and the adjacent face 9 of the cap 10. The adjustment of said cap 10 is such that it presses firmly upon its seat l1 and is caused so to do by means of the annular nut 12, at the same time a considerable degree of pressure i's also exerted upon the balls 8, and this pressure being transmitted to said collar 5, a degree of longitudinal contraction or compression of said closure element is thereby caused, which, in turn, causes the inner, seating end face or point 13, to firmly seat upon the seating face 14 of the ejection ori- 1, whereby saidv orifice is normally clos in such a manner that a considerable degree of v pressure` of the fuel oil within thecasing is `required to longitudinally further compress sai-d closure element to yunseat its inner seating face and permit the ejection of fuel oil from said orifice. v

The method of securing said longitudinal resiliency of said closure element 4 may be nsv clearly understood by a reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings. t will be noted4 that said member 4 is circumferentially and transversely corrugated, and that said corrugated conformation appertains both to its" periplr ery and to its interior wall. lVhen, therefore, pressure is exerted upon the exterior' surface of said member 4 by the fuel oil Within said casing, ysai-d member will .be caused to contract longitudinally, and the inherent resiliency will cause said member to expand again when said pressure is relieved.

In the assembly of thc valve,` a very slight amount of clearanceis provided for between the inner or lower face of the collar 5 and the bearing balls 6 which are below the same, but the extent .of said clearance is only such as would usually be providedby the allowance or tolerance for a running tit of this t-ype of a bearing. This slight vamount of clearance is shown in the drawing, but the extent of same is there considerably exaggerated for the sake of clear illustration.

The periphery of said collar 5 is formed into teeth or turbine van'es 16 and the fuel inlet 17 is tangentially disposed in said casing 1, and is positioned in operative relation to said collar and said vanes, so that when the fuel oil enters said duct 17 it impinges-upon said vanes and will under certain phases of operation,-presently to be set forth-cause said closure member toV revolve.

The conditions under which said closure member 4 is free to revolve and will be caused to do so are as follows:

The fuel oil is supplied through said tangential duct 17, by means of a plungerpump, as usual, or it may be supplied by any means which will deliver the oil'to the valve in periodical impulses, in accordance with the periods or cycle of the engine tov which the valve is applied. At an interval of highest pressure of oil produced by said pump, said-pressure often attains several hundred pounds per square inch. lVhen said pump-delivery impulses occur, the first tendency of the resulting pressure is to press.

the closure element more firmly, to its scat. thento slightly compress said elenfcnt, whereupon said clearance between the lower face of said collar 5 and the bearing balls .6 is taken up, and thereafter, as the pressure by reason of the tangential entrance of thc oil at duct 17 and its forceful impingement upon said blades 16.

The inner end of said closure element is formed into a guide 18, for which said reduced bearing section 3 in the casing 1 is provided. To provide for the ready pas sage of the oil past said guide 18, its periphery isspirally corrugated, the spiral disposition ofl said corrugations being for the purpose of more readily causing anysolid or semi solid matter which may be in the oil or may tend to form at this point because of the heat, to be expelled from 'the valve. y

In the cap 10. an aii` vent 19 is provided. which is closed by a cone-point set screw 20. Said vent is for the purpose of permitting the escape of air from the interior of the casing when fuel is firstsupplied thereto. whereupon the vent is closed.

Should the valve be inserted in the engine in an inverted position, said vent would then-be unnecessary. y

1n the construction shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the ejection end of the closure element 4. is elongated to form a. nozzle 23, through which the fucl is injected into the combustion chamber of the engine in a stream, instead of in t-he nature of a spray, as in the previously-described construction.

ln this modied construction. both the casing 1 and the closure clement are only slightly modified. all of ysaid modification being at the inner end of the organization.

Referring especially to Fig. 7, the seating face 22, corresponds to the seating face .lil of Figs. 1 and 2, Below said seating face said closure element. is elongated to form a nozzle Q3. in the upper` portion of the periphery of which a longitudinal groove Q4 is formed; from the lower end of said groove a very small hole is drilled diagonally through the nozzle. from which it opens or emerges at its side and forms the outlet orifice 25 in the flattened area Q6 at. one corner of said nozzle. The inner end of the casing 1 is elongated somewhat at 2T. to form a protective sheath for the nozzle.

The inner end of the bore of the closure element is. hermcticallv sealed. in any suitable manner. asby a plug Q1. to prevent the entrance of fluid therein.

' Valves to produce thc two forms of injection are provided for the reason that some manufacturers of oil engines 'advocate and employ spray injection. while others advocate and employ solid injection. lt is my purpose to supply both requirements. hence neither one nor the other of these two forms y are considered the preferred form.

It may now be helpful to a clear understanding of my construction to summarize the novel characteristics of the two main elcments of my improved valve as follows:

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The casing 1 is a tubular element arranged for the revoluble mounting of the closure element therein.

It has. a tangentially-arranged oil inlet adjacent itsouter end.

It has an ejection opening at its inner end.

The closure element 4 is tubular.

It is transversely', circumferentially corrugated, both externally and internally, whereby it is caused to be longitudinally resilient.

It is adapted to be longitudinally co-ntracted by the external. pressure of fuel oil in the casing atfapproximately ejection pressure, and inasmuch as oil is supplied to the casing in impulses-.as by a-plunger pumpsaid contraction is 'caused lperiodically.

It is revolubly ymounted in its casing and is free to revolve at the contracted or compressed period.

During said revolubility, pressure -throughout its entire' superficial area is balanced.

During said revoluble period said element is suspended from its bearing.

Its interior is hermetically sealed.

The revoluble function of the closure element causes the seating faces of the valve to be self-grinding and' self-seating.

I claim the following:

1. A fuel-'njection valve for oil engines comprising a tubular casing having a fuelsupply duct adjacent its outer end and afuel-ejection orifice at its inner end, in combination with a longitudinally-'contractile, tubular, revoluble closure element wit-hin said casing, having its inner end' arranged to close said orifice, and 'means producing longitudinal contraction of said element foi` the ejection of fuel therefrom, and means imparting revoluble movement to said element during the eject-ion interval.

2. A fuel' injection val've for oil engines comprising'a tubular casing having a fuelsupply duct ad'aeent its outer end and a fuel-injection orifice at its inner end, in combination with a tubular, transversely-corrugated, longitudinally-contractile, revoluble closure element within said casing having'its inner end arranged'to normally close said orifice, means causing longitudinal contraction of said element to open said orifice for the ejection of fuel therefrom, and means impartin revoluble motion to said element when sai eject-ion occurs.

3. fuel-injection valveifor oil engines comprising a tubular casing having a fuel supply duct adjacent its outer end and a fuel-,ejection opening at its inner end, in combination wlth a tubular, hermeticallysealed, transversely-corrugated, longitudinally-contractile, revoluble closure clementv 'within said casing having its inner end arranged to normally close said opening, "means causing longitudinal contraction of said element so as to open said orifice for the ejection of oil therefrom, and means liniparting revoluble motion to said 'element when said ejection occurs.

4. A. fuel-injection valve for oil engines comprising a tubular casing having a fuelinlet duct adjacent its outer end and 'al fuelejection opening at its inner end, in com' binationl with a tubular, transversely-corrugated, longitudinally-contractile, periodically-balanced and revoluble closure element Within said casing having its inner end a1'- rangedV to normally close said opening, means causing periodical longitudinal contract-ion of said element to open said orifice for the ejection of oil therefrom, and at the same period imparting revoluble motion to said element. l

5. A fuel injection valve for oil engines comprising a tubular casing having a tamgentially-disposed fuel-inlet duct adjacent its` outer end and a fuel ejection opening adjacent its inner end, in combination with a tubular, longitudinally contractile, revolublejclosure element Within said casing, adapted to normally close said eject-ion opening when the pressure of fuel Within said casing is less than ejection pressure,

and to be longitudinally contracted to open .its outer end and a fuel ejection opening adjacent its inner end,'in combination with a tubular, longitudinally-contractile, revoluble closure element within said casing adapted 'to normally close said ejection opening when the pressure of the fuel oil within said casing is less than ejection pressure and to be longitudinallv contracted by external pressure of said fuel When-said pres' sure reaches approximately ejection pressure, and a turbine. collar carried by said element positioned relative to said tangential inlet duct, so as to be revolubly actuated by the fuel entering thereat at the in-` stant of ejection.

' 7. A fuel injection valve for oil engines comprising a tubular casing having a tan- -gentially-disposed fuel-inlet duct 'leading .combination with a tubular, longitudinallycontractile, circumferentially corrugated,

4periodically-revoluble closure element within said easing adapted to normally close said ejection opening` when the pressure of fuel within said casing is less than ejection pres- -130 sure and to be longitudinally contracted to open said opening when the pressure of said fuel reaches approximately injection pressure, in which contracted state the fuel pres- .sure upon the Whole superficial area of said element is balanced .and the same becomes revoluble, and a turbine collar, carried by said element positioned relative to said tangential duct so that the fuel entering thereyat revolubly actuates said closure element at said revoluble period.

8. A fuel injection valve for oil engines comprising in combination a tubular casing having a tangentially-arranged fuel-inlet duct leading into the bore thereof adjacent to the outer end of same and a fuel-ejection opening at its inner end, the bore of said casing adjacent its outer end being enlarged to form a bearing and turbine chamber, the junctional point of lsaid enlarged portion of said bore with the smaller portion thereof forming a square shoulder arranged to serve as a bearing face; a tubular, longitudinally.- resilient and contractile, revoluble closure element within said-casing arranged at its inner .end to normally close said opening, saidv element, by reason of said resiliency being longitudinally contractile by the pressure upon its exterior surface when said pressure reaches ejection pressure and whereby said inner endgof said element is caused to recede from and t0 open said ejcction opening, a collar carried by said closure element adjacentv its outer end. bearing balls restingz upon said shoulder of said casing, said collar arranged with its inner face in close proximity to said balls, bearing balls resting upon the upper face of said collar, a c ap carried by said easing having a bearing-face adapted to contact with said last-mentioned balls, means causing said cap to exert pressure upon said balls and there through to said closure element to cause its lower point to securely close said ejection opening, except during said contracted pe rod, the lperiphery of said collar being provided wit-h turbine blades which are positioned in actuative relation to said tangential duct so as to be revolved during said contracted period by the fuel entering thereat.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature,

FRANZ- CARL TEUFL.

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