US1524589A - Refrigerator - Google Patents

Description

Jim. 27. 1925.

R. SPEIDEL REFRIGERATOR Filed May 15, 1922 2 She'cs-Sheet 1 IEB llllllllllllllllllll IIA.M1|IJ 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 [nvenaf 'ROBEPT' SPF/DEL Rf sPElD'EL:

REFRIGERATOR Jan. 27, 3925.

Filed May 15. 1922 Patented Jan. 27, 1925.

UNET-ED 'STATES PATENTE iszisea vFsFiEl.

nnrniennn'roe.

Application rledtay 15, 1922.

To all whom t may V.conce/fa:

Be it known that I7 ROBERT SPEIDEL, a citizen of Germany, residingat Galmbach, near I/Vildbad, Germany, havelinventedha certain new and useful Refrigerator; and I do hereby declare the followingV to Abe a fuil, clear, and exact description of the invention, of Vwhich the following is a specication.

The known ice boxes and cold:storage rooms have the disadvantage that the goods stored therein suchY as meat and nutriments commence in many cases after .aperiod of 24 hours to assume abad appearance and an unpleasant smell and alsoto decompose. This is caused by insufcient airing. The air is ydirectly admitted through a small number of little holes. A suficient airing is not possible with the direct air supply, as in such a case the .temperature in the 'interior of the ice boX would become too high and the ice would melt-.too quickly. Further with the direct air supply the'bacteria musing decay get to the nutriments so.1 that preserving for a longer period `1s not possible.

yThe object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerator whichwill be characterized vby a small consumption of ice and in which the goods to be preservedv can be kept vfresh for. weeks evenin midsummer.

According to the inventionj this object is achieved by admitting totl thespace fori stor ingl thegoods lsu'licient `quantities of fresh air which has kbeen previously i cooled. Preferably the admission of airis: effected by means of a cooled air 'ilteiz `With a refrigeratorof this character provisions have been made for a sufficient'airing of 'the goods and the 'decay-producing bacteria can4 be retained in the-'filter so that they cannot reach the meat or the like. fIn addition thereto the refrigerator has the advantage of being economic,` as the consumption of ice is small even in hot climates and is a'fraction of the amount heretofore required fort-his purpose and it insures/the presence of fresh airfreefroin germs.

The refrigerator is characterized ,byl the following advantages 1. The keeping of the goods such as meat and the like for weeks.

2. The preserving of the goods Vwithout loss of weight, nutrition and taste and thus has the advantage of being very economic.

Serial No. 561,074.

3. A drying Yof the goods,-.as, for.instance,4

when admitting cold drying `air land=the loss of weight which .rmeansaf-loss offmoney cannot occur with the refrigerator.

4. A preserving .of .the meat .or thellike for a considerable period required heretofore a storingin the cold storage. roomat temperatures fbelow 0 degree centigrade. This was-.followed by apgreat losa-ofthe amount of albuminf-the most precious nutri ment which coagulates when freezing.

This great disadvantage is avoided :with the present process even when storing. the

goods for weeks, as the goodsbiougl1t=-into` the cold storage rooms aref-onlykept Kcool and not frozen lwithout beingisubjectegd; to

any decomposition.

In the accompanying drawing inwhich one mode yof constructionof thecool-ing reservoirfor carrying` outfthe new process is illustrated by way ofexanrple.- f

the like or alternately with.v layers ofnleather card board Z1 and layers of felt orsimilar materiall o. The inner surface` of; .the l'walls iscovered with sheet iron .d (Fig. .5).

In theinterior of the wooden CasingT is a second casing o of sheetiron. The lid f of this casing can be made after; thestyle of an arch as it is intended tov carrythe ice. Theside walls of thel casingareprovided with ribs ruiming horizon-tallyand strengthened by means `of iron rods, ghav- Y ing recesses and aT-shaped crosssection andru1 ining vertically. 'The ribshave a triangular cross section as may be seenffrom Fig. 5, in which case the upper surface of the-ribs -runs horizontally. fTlicfribssei-ve a double purpose, `first `for increasin-gfthe cool-ing surface and-*second .foi-inserting traysfor instance of sheetinetaljfor the goods, which trays are provided with openings (holes, slots or the like) in order to enable the air to passall around the goods.

Above the bottom e' of the ice bonr sup porting ledges 7a are arranged for carrying a frame Z. Above the supporting ledges extends the sheet metal lining CZ. The frame Z, for making a tight fitting is provided with a cha-mfered outer surface matc'o ing the supporting ledges 7c covered with a packing material such as rubber or cork plates m. To the under surface of the frame Z a wire netting n is fastened. The wire netting is bordered with a "tl-shaped and bent meta-l strip o, to which flat metal i strip 29 hasA been soldered. The metal strip "insulating material fr.

p is nailed to the under surface of the frame Z or screwed thereto. It serves at the same time for fastening the lower end of the rubber packing m. The upper end of the rubber packing m` is held by means of the metal strip g.

On the wire netting n is placed a porousln this case preicrably wood shavings are used, as they arel cheap and very suitalile for the present purpose. The wood shavings may be saturated with an odourless and germ-killing substance. Above the insulating material second wire netting s is arranged which is covered by a grate t. The wire nettin s hold the insulating material together witlroutobstructing the passing of the air, 'llhe grate t Consists preferably of perforated sheet iron. lt is together with the wire netting s connected to an auxiliary frame el. which preferably has an angular cross section and which fits accurately into the main frame Z. The size of the grate t has been so chosen that it covers the joint between the frame Z and the supporting ledges fr. rthe rim of the grate t has no perfor-ations. ln order to permit an easy removal of the grate t it is fitted with rings r. ln order to hold the grate in its position clamping` ymeans or the like can be arranged on the' ledges Zr.

The bottom z' of the boX is provided with openings fw. rlhese are preferably arranged` in such a manner that every one of the openings i lies vertically beneath a hole of the grate t.

Underneath the bottom e' of the ice bott is arranged a flat open vessel y preferablyr of sheet iron for catching the ice water passthrough the openings to. The vessel 1/ is removably supported on ledges e preferably arranged on an incline so that the accumulated Water can be drained at the front end into another vessel.

At the upper end of the inner casing c, f one or more devices are arranged for the passage of air. These consist also chiefly rf a porous insulating material arranged between two wire nettings. For holding and' the insulating material l have shown in the drawings a tray 1 which is made `tight with reference to the outer wall a, of the box by means of a flanged packing ring 2. To the inner wall e the tray is fastened from the inside by means of a flange 3. The fastening is preferably effected by means of soldering. In the interior of the tray close to the end a. ring l of angular cross section is fastened preferably by soldering. This ring supports a wire netting 5 bordered by a Ll-shaped bent sheet iron ring 6. The ring 6 is by means of a perforated lid 7 pressed against the ring fl. The ring 6 is fastened to the flange 3 preferably by soldering.

luto the outer Vend of the 4tray 1 a ring having a Z-shaped cross section is placed. The outer flange 8 of this ring exerts a pressure on the flange of the packing 2. Against the inner flange 9 bears the outer wire netting 10 which is also bordered by a lJ-shaped bent sheet iron ring 11. 'lhe sheet iron ring 11 is held by means of lhe perforated lid 12 which is screwed to the outer wall a. Above the lid 12 a further lid 13 is arranged which serves for a partial or full closing of the openings of the lid 12 in order to be able to regulate at will the circulation of the air.

rllie porous insulating material 14 is arranged between thc two wire netting-s and 10.

Above the tray 1 a perforated sheet iron 15 is resting on corresponding ledges 16 and i7. lt can be 'fastened on the one side by means of hinges. The sheet iron 15 serves as a protection for the tray 1 that it can not become dama-ged by pieces of ice while at t-he same time itcarries a portion of the upper ice masses.

rlhe insulating material of the bottom need not all be porous. A series of single tubes or the like can be placed into the bottom which in a similar manner as the trays 1 receive the air filter.

AThe cooling box acts in the following manner:

lf the box be used, the bottom part above the grate t is filled with ice and in the same manner ice is placed on top of thc lid f. At first the air and the goods within the bof: have the temperature of the atmosphere. In consequence of the ice having been placed within the bor; thel temperature falls very rapidly. The air therefore contracts and through the upper air filter 14 air is drawn in from the outside. A downwardly directed air current is thereby produced within the bor. The air flows out at the bottom end through the filter r. Through this filter the water also passes out.

The air filter 14 is cooled by the water from the ice on top of the lidf so that always only cooled air can enter the interior Iii of the ice boX. The bacteria containedin the an' and which. could' cause aideoaylng lof the goods stored in the ice box are retained by the filter and prevented from passing into the interior of the refrigerator.

From time to time the filter masses especially those'of the bottom lter r must be renewed which can vbe easily and quickly effected.

Experiments have proved that with4 the use of the new refrigerator, meat can be kept fresh in mid summer for a period of from 3 to 4 weeks without loss of weight or albumin.

The upper layer of ice may under certain circumstances be omitted. Y

The invention is not only suitable for stationary cooling installations but it can also be applied with advantage to railway carriages, ships and the like.

I claim as my invention:

1. A refrigerator consisting of a vessel fitted on the upper and on the lower end withv ice cooled filters to maintain a uniform temperature in the vessel, the filte1 masses being held between porous and resistable plates, the plates of the lower filter being carried by a frame arranged in a tight manner above the bottom of the vessel, the upper' porous plate of said lower filter being covered by a grate for conducting the ice water, the grate consisting of perforated sheet metal, the unperforated rim-parts of said sheet metal covering the joints between the frame and its supportingledges.

2. A refrigerator consisting of a vessel fitted on the upper and the lower end with cooled filters, the filter masses being held between two porous and resistable plates,y

the upper porous plate of the lower filter being fastened together with a grate arranged above said plate to an auxiliary frame which is removably inserted into the main frame.

3. A refrigerator consisting of a vessel fitted on the upper and the lower end with cooled filters, the filter masses being held between two porous and resistable plates, the porous and resistable plates of the upper filter being arranged on the ends of a tray extending between the inner sheet metal cover of the boX and the outer wall, the l(ray being tightened with regard to the outer wall by means of a flanged packing ring and being fastened from the inside to the inner wall by means of a flange.

A refrigerator consisting of a vessel fitted on the upper and the lower end with cooled filters, the filter masses being held between two porous and resistable plates, the porous and resistable plates of the upper filter being arranged on the ends of a tray extending between the inner sheet metal cover of the box and the outer wall, the inner porous and resistable plate being borderedl with a U.-s haped bent ,sheet Imetal strip vand being held .between a ring fastened to ythe'tray anda perforated lidfixed to the fla-nge of the tray.

A refrigerator consisting of,a vessel fitted onr thel upper and, thelower endaw-ith cooledfilters, thevfilter masses beingfheld betweentwo porous :and resistable plates, the vporous and resistable platesof the upper filter being arranged on the ends of a tray extending between the inner sheet metal coverofi-the bozrand the outer wall, the outer porous and resistable plate being. bordered with a sheet metal ring and l.being held between a perforated sheet of iron .detachably fastened Ato the outer wall and a ring of, a Z-shaped cross section, the outer flangegof said Z-shaped ring resting on the flangeA of the packing ring.

6. A refrigerator consisting of a vessel fitted on the upper and the lower end with cooled filters, the filter masses being held between two porous and resistable plates, the porous and resistable plates of the upper filter being arranged on the ends of ar tray extending between the inner sheet metal cover of the boX and the outer wall, a perforated sheet metal plate being arranged above the plate for protecting it.

7. A refrigerator for preserving nutriments and other goods, consisting of a vessel fitted on the upper end and on the lower end with ice cooled filters, the bottom of the vessel being perforated and the lower filter resting on the perforated bottom with ice on the lower filter whereby the ice at the lower end of the vessel co-acts with the ice in the upper portion of the vessel to maintain a uniform temperature and thereby prevent the entry of and ascendency of warm air upwardly into the vessel through the perforated bottom to counteract the downward current of air and whereby the constant downward current of air through the vessel is maintained and the ice maintained out of contact with warm air.V

8. A refrigerator for preserving nutriments and other goods, consisting of a vessel fitted on the upper end and on the lower end with ice cooled filters, the bottom of the vessel being perforated and the lower filter resting on the perforated bottom with ice on the lower filter whereby the ice at the lower end of the vessel co-acts with the ice in the upper portion of the vessel to maintain a uniform temperature and thereby prevent the entry of and ascendency of warm air upwardly into the Vessel through the perforated bottom to counteract the downward current of air and whereby the constant downward current of air through the vessel is maintained, said filters being impregnated with an odorless and germ killing substance whereby to prevent entry of germs into the vessel upon melting of the ice and consequent lowering of temperature in the vessel and to prevent dis- Charge of air contaminated with the odor of the nutriments.

9. A refrigerator for preserving nutriments and other goods Comprising a oontainer having a perforated bottom and fitted at its upper end With an ice cooled filter Iand having on its bottom an ice cooled filter, the upper filter being ooo-led by Water dropping from ice in the upper portion of the container supported above the filter, a grate on the lower filter on which ice is supported in the lower portion of the oontainer, the ioe at the bottom of the Container preventing entry of Warm air through the perforated bottom and providing for a uniform temperature Within the container and thereby preventing hindrance to the doWn Ward Current of cooled air from the top to and through the perforated bottom of the container and whereby a constant downward.

current of air through the Container is main tained, said filters being impregnated with an odorless and germ killing substance whereby to prevent entry of germs into the container upon melting of the ice and consequent lowering of temperature in the Container and to lprevent discharge of air oontaminated with the odor of nutriments.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this speoilioation in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ROBERT SPEDEL. [ns] lVitnesses:

BERT. A. BRAUN, [Ls] OTTO WAGNER. [n s]

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