US1517845A - Process of making vaccine and products thereof - Google Patents

Description

PROCESS OF LIAKING VACCINE AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Filed March 27, 1918 JAWS/270E M/wwa? uwsa/y AB) M {W APTTQ/E/VEYE' the This produces a WKNIFURID P. JZJMESQH, E MINNEAPQLIS, MIK'NEEZQTfL lipgdicaiiou filed Hutch $311818; Serial. 230. 225,022.

dinery method oi preparing Bacteria she antigens are proiorm of particles. There are m tions to this, such as diphtheria toxins than: are usually produced siste. Where the antigens are i the form of pai'sicles these s ried, upon by the phagocytes, n cilfi i'ilood,- lymph or tissues, and diq estcd, shy interfering wish immunization.

1o hill the bacteria undwlcsvc the in n stoic of diffusion. ing ouhhis process I prefer to bacteria in suspension in u suih fluid to is high pressure by means of a suitable as and ihen io-slowly release the fluid on? the concainei in which it- 'is; held, eieby, as the fluid passes out of its contains-n to permit a sudden expansion oif sudden change in ihc osmotic tension of the liuid whereby the hscieric. killed, the expansion of the gas (rs-using their disruption, end the juices, o and protoplasm of the organism are cased in e diiiuscd slate and Without any iii-oi change ill'lQlQlD.

n ihcdrawing which represents an cmnt of an apparatus that may he emfoe wu'i'ying out my process, 2 reprewsii of a suitable gas tank coin preferably curhon dioxide, 1 dcsiz'ci'l pressure, 3 Wall 2. and i is an extuioe fittingg wichin said preferably of steel and hen!" on? sul'ii ct the x1e antigenic principle thereof forv menus oi the process herein descz'ihed "ably distilled, or oiher is u cap that iug a, lining 5 of him or similar material. 6 is a port which communicates with the tank and with the interior of thctuhe. 7 is a coiled spring seated on the cap 3 within the tube 4. 8 is an ordinary test tube fitting within. the tube 4-, seated on the spring 7, and having an open top, the walls of said iest tube being spaced from the Walls of the tube i i0 provide a ciicuiating passage for the gas between them. 9 is a head having a recess 10 therein to receive the threaded end of the tube 4 and 11 is :1 socket in the bottom of said recess encircled by a flange 12. 13 is 3V concave seat in the bottom of said recess and 14 is a port leading from said seal; inton chamber 15 provided in the upper part o'l. head 9. i6 is a. sect encircling the port is, and 17 is a valve carried by a cap -18nnd fitting the seat 16 to close The leading from the chamber 15 to a spout 21 wvhxch may be connected to u test tube to which the bacteria are delivered.

5 A tuhc 13-3 hasifs upper end fitting within is soclicl ll and its lower end rest-in on the bottom of ihe nest lube 8 without forming aclose joint LllQ-LQ'Wltll so that; the fluid with the bacteria in suspcnsion therein will be forced by the use up through the tube 13 and into the chamber 15 when ihe valve 17 is opened.

'In carrying out the process, water preferfluid of low osmotic tensioh with bacteria in suspension is placed within the tube and connected with the gas under pressure. This gas is soluble in wsicr and as it enters the test tube it dis solves in the fluid therein, and when the valve leading ho the chamber is opened slightly, the fluid will be forced up through the port i i and out into the chamber 15. As the fluid charged with leaves the port 14, the liberation or sudden release of the gas will desiroy certain bacteria in the fluid 01' such bacteria may have been de or contents of the cells released. This ma terial will be collected in the chamber 15 from which'it may be drawn for use in making vaccines or immunizing material.

Vaccines are ordinarily prepared by growing the bacteria on a suitable culture medium, suspending them in salt solution and subjecting the same to heat suliicicnt to kill the bacteria. These dead organisms are then injected into the individual at proper intervals in an eilort to create immunity against the particular infection. The shortcomings of vaccines prepared by this method are (1') that the heat necessary to destroy the bacteria changes them so that the dead bacteriado not form the immune bodies necessary to counteract the germs in the liv* ing state; (2) the deed germs injected are in a corpuscular or solid state and they are taken up, that is, incorporated by the fighting cells of the body, commonly known as phagocytes, the result of which is that the vaccine is digested and hence its immunizing property is lost.

y my method of preparing vaccines it is not. necessary to kill the germs by heat. They are killed by suspending: them in a suitable fluid, usually distilled water, containing carbon dioxide under pressure. The carbon dioxide dissolved in the Water suspending the bacteria passes into the bacteria according to the law of osmosis. When the bacterial cells have been filled, so to speak, with this carbon dioxide, the pressure is suddenly released, causing the'gs's to escape from the fluid and the bacteria, killing the latter by the sudden change in the osmotic tension of the fluid and at the same time disrupting them. The advantages of re a'rirn vaccines b this method. are 1 the bacterial proteins are not denatured as is the case when heat is applied; (2) the germs are converted from the corpuscular or solid state to a colloidal or fluid state,

and as a result of this the bacteriacannot be surrounded and incorporatedby the phagocytes and can, therefore, innnunize the individual in away that cannot be accomplished when the vaccines are employed, made from bacteria killed by the. usual methods.

lVhile the apparatus herein illustrated and described is suitable. for carrying out the process herein described and claimed. I do not limit myself to the use of any particular form or arrangement of the apparatus, as the stops constitutin the process may be performed by means 0 any apparatus suitable for the purpose.

By a fluid of low osmotic tension as used herein I mean a fluid suclras distilled water, which contains a minimum of solid matter in solution.

In my co-pcnding application Serial No.

new, its

223,781, filed March 21, till-S. ior making vaccine, 1 have and claimed an apparatus or device suitable for carrying out the process herein described. It is obvious, however, that other devices differing from that ill strated in this smilication. and described and claimed in my copending aplication may be used for per forming tie steps of this process.

1 claim as my invention:

1. A process of making vaccine or inn munizing material, consisting in suliijcciaing the bacteria, held in suspension in a fluid having the quality of entering the bacterial cell by osmosis, to gas under pressure in such fluid, and. then drawing off the mixture and liberating the gas, thereby killing and. dis rupting the bacteria and releasing the con tents of the cells.

9.. A process of treating bacteria for .uniiring vaccine or inuuuniaingg" u'mtciul, cow sisting in subiectiug; bacteria held in ms pension in fluid having the snails." oi entering the bacterial cell by osmosis will n a. closed chamber to a under pr: like that soluble in such fluid, then relca; up; the mixture and liberating the gas, thereby killing and disrupting" the bacteria. and re leasing the contents of the cells.

3. A process of treating bacteria for melt ing vaccine or iunnuuiziug nuiierial. con in; in subjecting! bacteria bold in suspou in u .tluid of low osmotic tension to -IS under pressure soluble in such fluid. and then liberating the gas and thereby killing? and (.lisrupting" the bacteria and releasing the contents of the cells.

4:. A. process of melting: vaccine or inrmunizing material, which consists in subjet-ting bacteria held in suspension. in water or other fluid oi low osmotic tension to a gas under pressure soluble in such fluid, and then drawing oil the niixtusc and libcriiting the gas, and thereby killing and dis rupting the bacteriaaud releasing: the contents of the cells.

5. The process of producing vaccine which consists in subjccting, material to a gas which is inert with relation to the materiel b treated under pressure For a ]'I (il "(l o2" ti suiiicicnr, to cause he organisms in terialto become saturated and :1 s? tlQDlY iBlQZLSHIQ the prc wu'r ivlinreb ilu till its

immunizing ma'bmial from paflwgenic orwithin the organisms will disrupt; afihe same. ggwisms' which consissizs in. subjecting such 8. Immunizing material or vaccine, in a urganisma $0 an insist gas under pressure colloidal 0r fluid condition, consisting of 10 for a1. parind of time az ifiiciem to cause said bswteiia disrupted by internal as pressure. Wurgmisms $0, bacome SFiZRHMZ-EQ by the gas, In witness wheregf, E have emu'nto set mid then suddenly migasing this. pressure, my hand this lfi dedfy of March, 1918. Whemby sudden expansion (if the gas VINFORD P. LAB/SUN.

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