US1517568A - Bokgxe - Google Patents

Description

Dm; 2, 1924. v

J. o. MAUBORGNE I :T AL K SISTEM oF RADIO TRANSMISSION Filed June Ie. i920 2 Sheets-sheet 1 A O)D)))))))))))))))/)=)Dm- A O))))))))))))))))A22m-m O [gull-.DH1

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J. O. MAUBORGNE ET AL SYSTEM OF RADIO TRANSMISSION Filed June 16 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2

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Patented Dec. 2, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH O. MAUBORGNE AND GUY HILL, OF .fifaSHINGTON, DISTRICT 0F COLUMBIA.

SYSTEINI OF RADIOTRANSMISSION.

Application led June 16, 1.920. Serial No. 389,450.

To alito/1,0m t may concern Be it known that we, Josnrrr O. MAU- noRo-Nn and GUY Hrm, citizens or the United States, and residents or ashington`l in the District ot Columbia., have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Radiotransmission.4 or which the following is a spccilication.

This invention relates to the art or radio signaling andv particularly transmitting racio signals` and a system Jfor use in the practice or' the same.

The oloject 'or the present invention is an improveinent in the. method and apparatus for transmitting radio signals whereby a simplification in the equipment required is effected: also more persistent oscillations are obtained in the case or spark discharge methods and further, this system orfers a simple method or obtaining directional sending', and a simple means or generating extremely short wave lengths.

ln the present application oi the art to accomplish radio transmission an antenna is required and means tor tuning the antenna system to resonance with the frequency or the generator used which 1usually requires complicated and relatively expensive apparatus.

ln our invention we make use of a wave coil ot distriluited inductance, and capacity ou which wave development is produced hy the transmitting' source the wave length or the said wave development depending only upon the electrical constants ot the coil and the position or the potential application to said coil, the wave coil hy' itself constituting the complete antenna system.' In its simplest torm the wave coil is made in the rorm of a long helix. uniformly wound with suitable insulating wir L closely spaced so that the inductancc per unit length relatively large. 7e have round that itis desirable to wind the coil Aon a material havinc' high insulating properties such as micarta or hakelite dielectro. TV e get theretore, in a comparatively short coil, the equivalent condition or a longl line in the matter or wave development. The electromagneticv waves of the outgoing` signals are omitted from each element of the wave coil and we have here a condition where the electrical constants of the coil. the inductance, capacity. and resistance andE. F, set up therein by excitation from a suitable source or energy are all or a distributed character, and the energy is radiated from each element or the coilr` making it accordingly an ideal radiating system.

The fundamental principle underlying the use of the wave coil as a transmitter is that there should he applied at some element or the coil, a maximum potential which will set up waves on the coil or a period determined by the electrical characteristics or the coil and the position on the coil or the applied potential.

Our system is equally suitable Ytor damped or undamped waves. le may usc a high potential discharge method allowing Ytree oscillations to he setup on the coil, the frequency to he determined hy the electrical constants or the coil, and the position on the coil of the applied potential, or we may impress a high frequency potential on the coil and adjust the coil so lthat its natural wave length should he the same as that or the source or high potential.

lVe have round that in the use or the discharge method or excitingthe coil, the length oi" the wave or waves set up on the coil depends upon the position or the point or application oit the potential to the coil. By shifting the point of application or the energysource to different positions along the coilal movii o" always in the same direction trom the e. 4`r. tc-fo dilicrent wave lengths are set up on the coil `tor each position or the application point except that at the exact center or at either end or the coil, only one wave length is generated. The trave lengths generated on the coil are entirely independent or the construction or constants or the lead, the spark gap and the associated circuits or the source or energy used, but are solely determined hv the characteristics of the coil and the position on the coil of the applied potential. Then the application point is impressed at the center or the wave coil, each halr ot the wave coil generates the same wave length and a single wave length is transmitted from the coil. Asthe point or application is moved away from the center towards either end the shorter part of the wave coil `generates the shorter wave length determined by the constants or that part of the coil between the application point and the end towards which the application point moves. Between the application point and the further end of the coil a longer wave length is generated depending upon the con-- stants of the coil between the application point and the said further end. As the application point is continuously moved towards one end, as referred to above, one of the wave lengths is continuously shortened and the other wave length is continuously lengthened. Then the application point is applied at the extreme endof the coil, only one wave length is produced which is the V.maximum wave length that the coil can generate. Then the source ot high potential applied to the coil has a Jfrequency of its own, the point of contact on Vthe coil is so adjusted that the actual `wave length oi the coil will be the same as that oit' the source of high potential, and in this case, only that part of the coil is active, the natural Ytrequency of which corresponds to the frequency of the impressed source.

As a source of energy we may use any of the well-known means for producing high potentials. It may be a Rulnnkorff coil, a high frequency buzzer, a power buzzer, a high frequency alternator, an are transmitter of an electron ftube transmitter.

Te have also discovered that a wave coil antenna possesses remarkable directive Qualities. By its use it is possible to transmit signals in any desired direction in space, depending upon the position of the wave coil with reference to horizontal and vertical planes passing through the center of the wave coil. i

Since the electro-magnetic waves emitted by the coil are perpendicular to the longiltudinal axis of the coil, the waves, therefore,

travel in one plane.. The wave coil is equally elfective in transmitting signals in a vertical plane as in a horizontal plane, and therefore oifers suitable means for transmitting signals to or from an airplane station.

Thilo our invention consists primarily in the use of a wave coil and associated apparatus, without what is ordinarily known as antenna and ground connections, our involition also covers the use ol such wave coils and associated apparatus, with either antennafor ground connections or both, and this is understood to include the so-called wiredwireless connections, provided the principle of setting up waves; on the wave coil is used for the purpose of determining the frequency of the'transmitted signals.

The principle of operation and the inetlr od oi using our invention can be better understood by reference to the accompanying diagrammaticV figures which show practical embodiments of the invention and form part of this specification.

In all of the figures herewith, the same symbols and nomenclature are used :to designate the same apparatus, and therefore reference to the various common symbols will not be repeated, except in cases where it is necessary to nrake clear the diffe-rence bei tween the various figures.

In the accompanying` drawings, Figure l is a diagrammatic view of one form of :the device used for the transmission of radio signals, in which an induction coil is used as the energy source;

Figure 2 shows a similar diagrammatic view to'Figure l except that an alternator and high tension transformer have been substituted for the battery andan induction coil of Figure 1 and a condenser shunted around the spark gap; e

Figure 3 shows a diagran'nnatic view sinn ilar to Figure l but indicates the use of a continuous wave generator instead of an induction coil circuit as shown in Figure l;

Figure 4 shows a similar diagrammatic view to that shown in Figure l except that connection to the wave coil is electro-static instead of direct;

Figure 5 is similar in viewj showing a unilateral electro-magnetic connection to the wave coil; Y u

Figure 6 isa diagrammatic view showing a tuned circuit in inductive relation to the wave coil;

- Figure 7 is a diagrannnatic view showing an arrangement for exciting two 01 more wave coils from the same source;

Figure 8 illustrates another method of exciting two wave coils from'a single source ci high potential;

Figure 9 shows' a diagrammatic view similar to Figure l except ithat one side of the spark gap is grounded;

Figure 10 shows a diagrammatic view similar to Figure 3 except that one side of the continuous wave generator is grounded;

Figure ll shows an arrangement similar to Figure 1 except that -the. wave coil is in the form of an arc.

loo

Having more particular reference to the l drawings and to Figure l, A represents the wave coil consisting of a. helix ot suitably insulated wire, preferably copper, closely wound in a single layer on a suitable insulating tube. Te `prefer to'make the length ott the helix greater than its diameter. P indicates a slider making direct contact with the wave coil and capable of being moved along the wave coil.

S represents a spark gap to the terminals of which are connected the terminals of "the secondary winding H of the induction coil. The slider P is connected to one terminal of spark gap4 S by a suitable lead as shown. L represents the 'low tension windingof the induction coil and I represents the usual iron case. M indicates 1the vibrator for making and breaking the low tension circuit. B represents a battery and K represents a key in the same circuit for purposes of signaling. The other terminal of the spark gap has no external connection as shown. in the figure.

The principle of operationis as follows: On signaling by means of the key K, a high potential is set up across the gap S, one terminal of which is connected to some predetermined point on the Wave coil. The potential thus in'ipressed on the coil sets up free oscillations on it, the frequencyY of which is determined by the electrical constants of the coil and the point of the potential application on the coil.

`We have found that the oscillations developed on such a coil, when excited even by a simple induction coil, have extremely small dan'iping, and the radiation from it in the form of a very pure Wave.

Figure 2 shows an arrangement son'iewhat similar to Figure l, except that for the spari; coil of Figure l is substituted a high tension iron core transformer of which H represents the high tension or secondary wint ing the terminals of which are connected to spark gap S, of any desired form, which is shunted by a suitable condenser C. L represents the loiv tension or primary Winding of the transformer, the terminals of which are connected in series with a suitable source of alternating current, D, of any desired frequency, and a key K, for the purpose of signaling.

In the succeeding figures Where coil lil and spark gap S are shown, it is understood that this coil H can either be the high tension Winding of an induction coil as shown in Figure l, or the high tension Winding of a transformer as shown in Figure 2 and described above.

Figure 3 is similar to Figure l except that the apparatus for applying potential to coil A by slider P in this case consists of a generator of continuous Waves. This generator is indicated in the diagram by V. he circuit connections of this generator are not shown in the figure or in any following' ligures Where a similar arrangen'ient is used as the circuits of the continuous wave generator do not form a part of this invention. lVe are interested merely in attaching to wave coil A a device so arranged that it Will produce a continuous supply of oscillating potential suitable to actuate wave coil A. The generator of continuous Waves indicated by V may consist of a high frequency alternator, an arc transmitter, a vacuum tube transmitter, or any other means for generating high frequency oscillations the circuits and the design of apparatus in any of the above systems being arranged so that a high voltage may be applied to coil A.

It Will be noted, as shown in the figure, that it is not necessary to have any antenna or ground connection on the coil A or on the generator of continuous oscillations V, as

i We have found by practice.

In general, if the arrangement of the generator or generator circuits resul-t 1n the production of a `wave of given frequency, the constants of wave coil A and the po-f-:ition o slider P should be so chosen as to result .in the emission of a Wave from War, coil A. of the same frequency as that applied by 'the generator through the lead to l).

The generator V may consist of an;Y one. of the Well-known forms of continuous Wave apparatus resulting in the production oi either continuous v'aves, interrupted continuous Waves, or modulated contimmus Waves. In the last case the apparatus is modulated either by a buzzer or a inicio phone. Hence, the connection sho Wn in ure 3 may be used either for the prodimtiou of radio telegraphic or radio telephonie signals of any of the classes described. By the above method ive have transmitted Wire less telephone conversation in an entirelyv satisfactory manner.

Figure 4t represents a diagrammatic vieu' of an arrangement similar to Figure l. the only difference being that in Figure T represents a circular metal plate in eloctrolstatic relation to coil A; this circular plate T taking the place of the sliding contact P in Figure l.

Figure 5 is similar to Figure l except that in place of a sliding contact P there is associated with the coil A a small coil l, one terminal of which is conncctef to spark gap S. The coil R being so designed that it can slide along the entire length of coil A, the coil R makin'T an electro-magnetic connection to the coil A. f

Figure 6 .is similar, in general, to Figure 5 except that in this figure the coil R- is connected to both sides of the spark gan S through ay condenser G1. The circuit 0 R, S is tuned, if desired, to a` Wave length corresponding to the position of coil R on Wave coil A..

Figure '7 is similarI to Figure l except that in this ligure, two coils A and A1, are excited from one side of spark gap S. lf sliders l?, and P2 are adjusted on their respective coils so as to emit exactly the same vrave length, the intensity of the transmitted signals will be greatly increased. This arrangement also enables tivo diiierent Wave lengths to be transmitted at the same time, if desir-ec, by adjusting, say, slider P, on coil A2 so that coil A2 Will emit a different Wave length than coil A1. It is obvious that a multiplicity of coils can be excited in the same manner.

Figure 8 represents another method of accomplishing the result similar to that shown in Figure 7. In Figure 8 the Wave coils A3 and A4, by means of the respective sliders T., and P4, lare connected one to one side of spark gap S and the other to the other side of spark gap S. The method shown of eX citing tivo or more Wave coils from the same spark gap or other source is an efiicient method for transmitting with considerable power on very short wave lengths. The main Vdifficulty in transmitting on short wave lengths in the usual systems is that in order to obtain an extremely short wave length, the allowable amounts of inductance and capacity that can be used in timing the circuits are so small that it is extremely difficult to get an appreciable amount of energy in the antenna or radiating system. This difficulty is obviated by oui` method as a large number ot wave coils, each proportioned to give an extremely short wave length, can be operated in parallel and therefore any desired amount of energy can be obtained merely by the addition of a sufficient number of suitably proportioned coils.

Figure 9 represents an arrangement of apparatus identical with Figure .l except that the terminal of spark gap S, which is not connected to the coil A, is connected to ground. As stated above, with reference to Figure 1, no ground connection is necessary in our system. Te consider however, that in certain applications of this system, and in order to get proper potential relations on the Ruhmkorf'f coil, that it may be desirable to ground one terminal of the spark gap as shown in the figure. kVVecconsider that under certain conditions, and with certain types of wave coil and arrangement ot apparatus, an increased efficiency may result from the utilization of a ground connection as shown, although by this method we have found that the directional effects are somewhat neutralized.

Figure 10 is similar to Figure 3 in so far as the apparatus employed is concerned, but in this case, the source of continuous waves V is connected to ground as shown in the diagram.

Figure 11 consists of a diagrammatic view similar to Figure 1. In this case the coil A is made in the form of an arc or is wound upon a HeXible rubber tube so that it can be bent in any desired form. This arrangement is of advantage in that the energy is radiated from it in various directions which may be desirable in some cases` The above specifica-tions and figures are considered to illustrate only some of the elementary forms of this invention and its use. Since this invention primarily consists in the use of a long coil, ungrounded, and not connected to any antenna system, all the various forms of connecting it in circuit are not specified herein as they will, in general, be evident as obvious modifications to anyone skilled in the art.

Among some of the obvious modifications are various forms of winding the wave coil, such as using multiple layer coils instead of the single layer herein described.

The slider indicated as T in Figure 4 may have various forms. It may be cylinder sliding over thecoil, or some forni of clip for making contact with a single turn of the wave coil.

We claim:

1. A system for tansmitting radio signals, comprising a power supply and two orinore wave coils, means for silnultaneously applying to corresponding points on said coils a suitable high frequency potential from a single source for causing wave developments on said wave coils and means for modulating said power supply for the purposes of signalling.

2. A system for transmitting radio signals, comprising a power supply'and two or more wave coils, means for causing wave developments on said coils upon the siiniiltaneous application to different points on said coils, a suitable high frequency potential from a single source for simultaneous radiating waves of two or more different lengths, and means for modulating said lpower supply for purposes of signalling.

3. A system for transmitting radio signals employing a wave coil of distributed inductance and capacity in the form of an `open circuit and having a non-metallic core,

on whichv wave coil a wave development is produced by the connection of a source of high frequency to only one element of said wave coil, the wave length of' said wave development depending solely upon the electrical constants of said wave coil and the elements of said wave coil to which said high frequency source is applied.

4. A system for transmitting radio signals employing a wave coil of distributed inductance and capacity, said wave coil being in the form of an open circuit and having a. non-metallic core, in which wave coil a wave development is produced by the application of a potential to only one element of said wave coil, the wave length of said wave development depending solely upon the electrical consta-nts of said wave coil and the element of said wave coil to which said potance and capacity, said wave coil being in A the form of an open circuit and having a non-metallic core, on which wave coil a wave development is produced by the application of a potential to an element of said wave coil, the wave length of said wave development depending solely upon the electrical constants of said wave coil and the element of said wave coil to which said high potential is applied, and means for modulating high potential source for signalling purposes.

6. A system for transmitting radio signals employing a wave coil of distributed inductance and capacity, said wave coil being in the form of an open circuit and having a non-metallic core, on which wave coil a wave development is produced by the application of a high potential to an element of said wave coil, the wave length of said wave development depending solely upon the electrical constants of said wave coil and the element of said wave coil to which said high potential is applied, and means for so selecting the point of application of said high potential that the development on said coil is of the same frequency as that developed in a closed local circuit from which high potential is applied.

A system for transmitting radio signals employing wave coil of distributed inductance and capacity, said wave coil being in trie form of an open circuit and on which a wave development is produced by causing a high potential from a modulated spark discharge in a non-tuned local circuit to be applied to only one element of said wave coil, the wav, length of said wave development depending solely upon the electrical constants of said wave coil and the element of said Wave coil to which said high potential is applied.

8. A system for transmitting radio signals of a single frequency employing two or more wave coils each having distributed inductance and capacity in the form of an open circuit, each of said wave coils having a wave development of the same frequency produced by simultaneously causing a modulated single high frequency source to be connected to corresponding elements of said wave coils, the wave length of said wave developments depending solely upon the electrical constants of said respective wave coils, and the elements of said coils to which said high frequency source is applied.

9. A system for simultaneously transmitting the same radio signals on two or more frequencies employing two or more wave coils each having distributed inductance and capacity in the form of an open circuit, each wave coil having produced thereon a wave development of diiilerent frequency by causing a single modulated high frequency source to be connected to different elements of said Wave coils, the difference in the resulting wave lengths of said wave developments depending solely upon the electrical constants of said respective wave coils and the elements of said coils to which said high frequency source is applied.

l0. A system for transmitting radio signals comprising a wave coil of distributed inductance and capacity, in the form of an open circuit, a high potential source electrically connected to only one element of said wave coil effecting thereby a wave development on said wave coil, means for modulating said source of high potential for purposes of signalling.

ll. A system for transmitting radio signals comprising a wave coil having distributed inducta-nce and capacity, said wave coil being in the form ot an open circuit and having a non-metallic core, said wave coil being adapted to have wave development produced thereon by the application of a high frequency potential to only one element of said coil, means for varying the point of application of said potential for the purpose of obtaining a maximum energy radiation from said wave coil, means for producing said high frequency potential and means for modulating same.

12. A system for transmitting radio signals comprising a multiple layer wave coil having distributed inductance and capacity, said wave coil being in the form of an open circuit and having a non-metallic core, said wave coil being` adapted to have a wave development produced thereon by the application of a high frequency potential to only one element of said coil, means for varying the point of application of said potential for the purpose of obtaining a maximum energy radiation from said wave coil, means for producing said high frequency potential and means for modulating same.

13. A system for transmitting radio signals comprising means for causing wave developments on two or more antennae by simultaneously imposing thereon a suitable potential from a single source, the frequencies of the two or more wave developments being respectively adjustable by adjustments of the antennae.

J. O. MAUBORGNE. GUY HILL.

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