US1514278A - Press for expressing oils and liquids - Google Patents

Description

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Filed Dec. 13'V APatented Nov. 4, 1924. f

iNrrso STATES y y'.IOIEIIBT C. FIDDYMENT, OF AKRON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR T0 THE HYDRAULIC PRESS FACTURING- COMPANY, O F MOUNT GILEAID, OHIO.

PRESS FOR EXPRESSING OILS AND-LIQUIDS. i

Application filed December 13, 1920. Serial No. 430,184. n

To all 't0/Lomi# may concern: y

Be it known that I, JOHN C. FIDDYMENT,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Akron, in the county of Summit and State of Ohio, have. invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Press for Expressing Oils and Liquids, of which the following is afspeciication. y My invention pertains to a press forextracting fluids from vegetable matter and other materials, and. my general object is to providean expressing press comprising'v a shell or casing having a discharge outlet at one end equipped with a device or devices adapted to establish a definite Working pressurey on vthe material within the cylinders, the other end of the shell being sealed or closed by active means Iadapted to confine the material while under pressure, including means for forcing l material into the working space within the shell against the pressure established therein. I also means for positively shifting and circulating the material back and forth within the shell Awhile repeatedly separating and dividing the material so as to establish the best possible conditionsfor-expressing the oils or liquids. I aim further to minimize the friction between the material and the press parts and alsoQ to prevent wear and change in size of the 'drainage spaces'and openings in the shell. A more specific object is to provide a set of expressing devices ladapted to coact in transferring the material from one device to the other under a -continuous and heavy 4pressure while repeatedly dividing the material to create new and different drainage lines so as to express and extract the greatest amount of oil or liquid inthe shortest interval of time of travel through the press. l v

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1` is side elevation of my improved press, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the top thereof. Fig. `2 3 is a vertical section of the exact longitudinal center line of the expressing' members, and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on line 4--4, of Fig,` 3 through the channeled division wall. Fig. 5' is a vertical section and part side elevation of a portion of 'the press on line .Vw-5, of Fig. 4. l Fig. (3 is a transverse section on line (3 6, Fig. 5, showing rovide the feed end of the press. Fig. 7l is a' cross section and rear elevation on line.7-7, of Fig. 5 showing the discharge end of 1the press. Fig. 8 is a vertical cross section centrally of the press body on line 8 8, of Fig.

`working parts at the limit of their movement in one direction and about to reverse. Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the cut-o ring used within the feed end lof the machine. y

The invention comprises a base 2 having an open collecting chamber 3 with a sloping bottom, and the main body or shell 4 of the machine is slidably supported by flanged feet 5 upon this base above said collectin chamber. Shell 4 is provided with 'paralleil round bores `or openings longitudinally thereof which are separated by a'channeled division wall 7 preferably a separate member of the same approximate length as the shell, and concaved on curved lines at its top and bottom to conform tothe diameter and curvature of the two'parallel bores or openings within the shell. Division member f 7 is alsoA convexlyl rounded at its opposite sides to lit snugly withinrounded seats extending lengthwise of the shell, and keys 9 at one end prevent this member from' turning in theshell, see Figs. 4'and 9. Separate passages 10-1O extend lengthwise internally of member 7 at opposite sides of a middle partition, and these passages have a series of openings communicating therewith.

at their top 'andlbottom sides and' also a common intake 11 at their front ends and separate exits with independent valves 12-12 at their rear ends, see Figs. 4 and 5. The valves are backed by heavy springs which determine the pressure to be maintained on the material passing through the shell. The top and bottom openings inV member 7 are graduated in size lengthwise and separatedv by webs or connecting ribs 13, and the ribs and openings at the top are staggered inrespect to the ribs and openings at the-bottom. Separate ringed shafts 14 and 15, re-

'spectiveily, occupy the parallel openings within the shell andthe rings or annular ribs on each shaft are spaced apart in graduated degree and placed opposite ribs 13 to provide annular compression spaces of gradually narrowing width lengthwise of the shaft opposite the graduated top and bottom openings in member 7. The rings and annular spaces on onel shaft are offset yor stag ered in respect to the rings and spaces on t e other shaft so that the material in passin out of the compression spaces aroun one shaft and through member 7 into the compression spaces around the other shaft will cause the cake or compressed material to be split and divided by the ribs and rings in the path of the material, see Figs. 5 and 9 The movement of the material through the compression spaces is effected by blades or vanes 17--17 extending from the shafts into the compression spaces, and the vanes on the respective shafts move back and forth in separate orbits relatively to fixed abutments 18-18 in the formvof separate blocks splined or keyed to the top and bottom sides of division member 7 and projected into the compression spaces directly opposite each other on the vertical median line of the shell, see Figs. 3 yand 8. The shafts rotate in the same general direction, but the vanes on the respective shafts project' oppositely in respect to a common center so that they will`approach abutments 18--18V from opposite sides at the same time and in the same degree. In this way the material in advance of the vanes in the compression spaces in one shaft will be forced through the openings and channels 10 at one side of division member 7, while simultaneously the material in advance of the vanes in the compression spaces of the other shaft will be forced through theother openings and channels 10 on the opposite side of said member. Consequentlv, the material passes in opposite directions through lmember 7 into the compression spaces behindsthe vanes on the respective shafts and successivel into narrower spaces from shaft to shaft uring each oscillatory movement of the shafts, in this way creating new and different drainage lines in the course or path of the material longitudinally throughv the shell. lThe drainage places consist of escape openings 19 in shell 4 radially'opposite the rings which are fitted within the shell to permit the escape of oil or liquid but not of the cake or material. However, this specific arrangement or placement of the drainage openings may be considerably modifiedI as shown and indicated in prior patents granted to me.

Two separate feed khoppers 20-20' are mounted at the front end of the shell and separate feed screws 21-21 in .these hoppers operate alternately to force thematerial into opposite sides of the first compression space at the front end of lower shaft 14. Thus while one feed screw is idle the other operates to feed the material into the first compression space behind the first vane 17, while the material in advance of this vane in said space is being forced into intake 11 at the front end of passages 10-10, Fig. 6. An oscillatory valve 22 in the form of a widel ring encircles theA first compression space in lower shaft 14 to cut off the lower end of the idle hopper while the material is being forced into intake 11, see Fig. 6. To that yend ring 22 has a segmental gap or opening 23 at its upper side adapted to register with the hopper outlets alternately when the ring is oscillated, and a movable' abutment 24 in the form of a separate block is mountedwithin the first compression space and extends through the valve opening 23 at an intermediate point between the hopper outlets adjacent intake 11 in respect to which it is movable within limits as defined by stop shoulders 25-25 at,` the bottom side of member 7, see Fig. 6. Thus,

when valve ring 22 shifts to cut off one of the hopper outlets the rotation of shaftv 14 is in the same direction and vane 17 in the first compression space presses thcy trapped material against the movable abutment or block 24 tothe limit of its .stroke and to one side of intake 11 of passages 1.0-10 so that the material in advanceof the vane will have outlet into said passages and thence into the first compression space around upper shaft 15 behind its moving vane 1K7. The material in front of the moving vane 17 on upper shaft 15 follows the path of least resistance through division member 7 and behind the moving vane 17 in the second com ression space in lower shaft 14 and both s afts continue to rotate until their respective 'vanes reach the fixed' abutments 15S- 18. Then the shafts are reversely rotated, and at the beginning of this tion 29 in the side of the first annular en- .largement on shaft 14, see Fig. 10, and

locking engagement of the latch and shaft occurs at the end of the cycle of movement of said shaft .prior to its reversal so that the latch will return with the shaft and carry or shift valve ring 22 with it until the hopper which has been active up to this time is cut off and the other hopper opened to the compression space behind vane 17. Latch 26 is held in. constant working engagement with the shaft b a spring 30 fixe to the bottom side of shell 4, but when one of the oppositely-projecting fingers 31 on the latch plate strikes a corner 32 of the shell a: the side of recess 27 the latch is tilted and the locking tooth withdrawn from the indentation in the shaft and further movement of the valve ring is .arrested In Fig. 1(1), shaft 14 is at the end of its rotation in one direction and about to reverse and the latch and shaft are interlocked to cause the valve ring to turn therewith until the hopper outlet at the left is completely closed. When finger 31 at the left side of latch 26 strikes corner va reverse rotation of the shaft.

The shafts rotate approximately a full revolution in one direction and then in the reverse direction in similar degree, and this oscillatory movement is effected by a double set of pulleys 33-33 on a worm shaft 34,

a worm gear 35 on a counter shaft 36 hav# ing a set of pinions 37-37, and large gears :S8- 38 on opposite ends yof shafts 14 and 15, respectively, meshing with said pinions. The belt shifting device for reversing the rotation of movement of the pulleys is not.

shown, inasmuch as any one of several of the automatic belt shifting devices now in general use on various types of machines may be employed for that purpose.

The separate feed-screws 21--21 are independently rotated by bevel gears 39-39 on separate small counter-shafts 40 and 41 which are driven by sprocket chains and ratchet mechanismv deriving power from a large sprocket wheel 42 on counter shaft 36. loose sprocket wheel 43 on small countershaft 40 Ais connected by a sprocket cham with the large sprocket wheel 42 and these sprocket wheels therefore rotate together first in one direction land then in the opposite direction in concurrencel with the expressing shafts 14--15. A pawl 44 .on onek side of loose sprocket wheel 43 engages a ratchet wheel 45 fixed to shaft 40 and acts to rotate the same only when turned in one direction, and a second pawlv46 on the opposite side yof loose wheel 43 engages and acts to turn a second loose ratchet and sprocket wheel- 47 only when wheel.43 rotates in the opposite direction. An'endless i sprocket chain 48 connects wheel 47 with a second sprocket Wheel 49 fixed tothe small countershaft 41, and when this shaft 41 1s active the other shaft 40` is idle, and vice versa. I do not wish to limit myself-to the 'specific mode shown for feeding the material into the first compression space, but wlsh yitunderstood that this is only one way of ac= complishing the desired result. Thus, either rotary or nreciprocatory. or ,oscillatoryV de# vices may fbe used to feed the material into the ,press p l The reduced' ends ofshafts 14 and 15 .turn

in relatively long bearingsOl at' opposite ends of shell 4 and these bearings are divided and bolted at their outer ends kupon standards 51--51 affixed in anuprightvposition on base 2, while the inner ends of said otherwise a fmisalignment occurs between the drainage openings and the rings o r annular ribs on theexpressing shafts. A furv ther advantage derived from the use of bearings which extend into the shell ory cylinder is that the expressing shaft is prevented from springing or moving out of its true .axial position and cannot rotate offcenter within the casing or shell. This is essential, otherwise 4the escape passage for the oil or liquid around the circumference of the rings or annular ribs on the shaft would become larger at one side of the axis of the shaft than on the opposite side of the shaft and the solids, would escape through the larger space. -In operating this machine the material within the .compression spaces moves with the vanes and the shaft, and the friction engendered by the movement of thevmaterial is conned entirely to the inner surface of the shellor casing Vopposite the spaces, thus requiring less power to operate this press than a screw expressing device a-t points opposite the rings on the shafts' and the compression spaces are therefore closed on all sides except where the circumference of each ring or rib on the shaft is spaced apart from the shell or casing approximately 1/1000 to 6/1000 of an inch, so as to successfully hold back the .solids from openings 19 while permitting the oil or.liquid to pass around the edge ofthe rings to said openings. e i

By placing standard 51 at the right remotely from the right end of the shell ample space is provided to permit the shell to be shifted longitudinally on base 2 to uncover the ringed portion of theY shaft, thereby making this part of the shaft accessible for cleansing. Shifting of the shell may be ef-` fected in various ways and a simple way of material laterally to repeatedly separate and divide the same during its longitudinal movement tlirough1the shell. 2. In a press for expressing oils and liquids, a shell, a set of coacting devices adapted to force material longitudinally through said shell yand to transfer it laterally from one to the other, means adapted to maintain a predetermined pressure on said material before escaping. and means adapted to separate said material where transferred to promote drainage during the passa e of said material through said shell. 3. n a press for expressing oils and liquids, a shell, coacting devices Within said shell adapted to convey the material back and forth therein on different drainage lines,

means adapted to force material through the shell, and means adapted to maintain a predetermined pressure on the material before escaping from said shell. c

4. In a press for expressing' oils and liquids, a shell, a set of expressing and conveying members oppositely related within said shell, means adapted to force material into said shell to said members so as to "travel back andy forth between the same, and

jmeahs adapted to promotev resistance to the c escape ofithe material and to" maintain' a pressure thereon within' the shell."

L 5. In a lpress for expressing oils and llquids, a shell, a ringed shaft providing annular compression spaces within said shell,

a device coacting with said shaft adapted to force material through said compression spaces, and an exit passage for said mate- 'rial having means associated therewith adapted to maintain a given pressure on the material before escaping through said exit.

6. In a press for expressing oils and liquids, a shell, a set of oscillatory members oppositely-related within said shell and provided with communicating compression spaces for material introduced into said shell, means adapted to feed the material into said compression spaces, and means 'adapted to permit the escape of material therein, a device adapted to feed material into said expressing member, means adapted to restrict the outflow of material and maintain a predetermined pressure on the material within the shell, and means adapted to cut oif the feeding device at intervals during expressing operations.

9. In a press for expressing oils and liquids, a shell, a pair of oo-acting expressing members, separate feeding devices adapted to supply said shell with material, and means adapted to operate said feeding devices `alternately.

10. In a press for expressing oils and liquids, a shell, a set of oscillatory expressing members operating to transfer material within the shell from one member to the other alternately, means adapted to feed the material to said shell, and means adapted to maintain a predetermined working pressure within the shell during feeding operations.

11. In a press for expressing oils and liquids, a shell and a pair of expressing shafts having a series of annular compresfsion spaces situated opposite each other in offset relation and provided with a common intake and a valved outlet, and means adapted to circulate the material under pressure through said series of compression spaces successively from `,said intake to said outlet.

12. VA press for expressing oils and liquids, comprising a pair of shafts having annular compression spaces of 'graduated sizes situated opposite each instaggered relation and movable vanes and fixed abutments within said spaces adapted to shift material from shaft .to. shaft and to said graduated spaces successively. '-1' 13. A press'for expressing oils and liquids. comprising a shell having`.drainage openings in .its wall at spaced intervals, an expressing shaft Within said shell having annular compression members thereinY at intermediate points between'said drainage openings, and bearings for said shaft extending into opposite ends of said shell adapted to prevent the shaft from springing and from longitudinal movement in respect to the shelll 14. A press for expressing oils and liquids, comprising abase, an expressing shaft mounted in bearings supported upon said base, and a shell surrounding said shaft 'and movably supported in sleeved relation to said beanings to permit, the expressing portion of the shaft to bef'ncovered.

15. In a press for expressing'4 oils and liquids, a shell, a set of expressing means therein rotating about different .axes and means whereby the material is 'transferred from one' to the other in its passage through the shell.

16. In. la press for expressing oils ann i liquids, a shell, coacting devices within said shell adapted tol convey the material back and forth therein on different drainage lines, and means adapted to force material through the shell. l

17. In a press for expressing oils and liquids, a shell, a set of expressing and conveying members oppositely related within sald shell, and means adapted to force material into said shell to said members so as to travel back and forth within the same.

18. n a press for expressing oils and liquids, a shell, a set of oscillatory members oppositely related Within said shell and provided with communicating compression spaces for material introduced into said shell, and means adapted to Jfeed the material into saidcompression spaces.

Signed at Akron, in the county of Sun1- mit, and State of Ohio, this 6 day of December, 1920.

JOHN C. FIDDYMENT.

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