US1504150A - Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes - Google Patents
Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1504150A US1504150A US644488A US64448823A US1504150A US 1504150 A US1504150 A US 1504150A US 644488 A US644488 A US 644488A US 64448823 A US64448823 A US 64448823A US 1504150 A US1504150 A US 1504150A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- sulphate
- barium
- manufacture
- emulsion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- SQNZJJAZBFDUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N durene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C=C1C SQNZJJAZBFDUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
- G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
Definitions
- the invention relates .to improvements in the manufacture of paper for photographic purposes.
- ordinary paper suitable for the purposes of the photographic industries they are coated with a suspension of sulphate of barium (blanc fixe) in gelatine, glue,,casein or similar binders.
- This coating serves a double purpose. On the one hand it prevents the infiltration of the photographic emulsion (bromide of silver gelatine) into the fibre of thepaper and on the other hand it protects the photographic emulsion against the action of impurities contained in the paper, which owing to-their chemical action may have a disturbing effect upon the picture during the subsequent de velopment.
- the treatment of the paper is carried out in the following manner. Pulverized heavy spar or precipitated sulphate of barium in the dry state or as a dough is mixed with a binding agent and this mixture is applied to the chine.
- This invention consists in bringing together Ba-ions. on the one hand and SO,- ions on the other hand in theqpresence of a protective colloid and maturing the emulsion of sulphate of barium so produced in gelatine, preferably at higher temperatures, 111 011181 to obtain a certain size of grain. After this size of grain has been attained the maturing process is discontinued, the
- the improved process is distinguished from the old process described in the preamble by the fact that by the employment of pure raw materials (for instance chloride of barium, chemically pure sulphate of ammonia and purified gelatine as protective colloid) after Washing out the sulphate of barium gelatine and completely removing the products of conversion a barium coating is obtained, which in regard to purity satisfies the highest requirements and is therepaper by means of a spreading ma- 1923.
- pure raw materials for instance chloride of barium, chemically pure sulphate of ammonia and purified gelatine as protective colloid
- the crude mechanical granulation of the heavy spa-r or the precipitated sulphate of barium of the known process is replaced by the far exacter operating colloid-chemical maturing process, in which the original concentration of the brine, the presenceof other electrolytes, the kind and concentration of the protective colloid, as well as the time and the temperature are the factors, which are of influence for the size of the grain to be obtained.
- the following may serve as an example for the carrying out of the process: with a heated solution of 500 gr. chloride of barium in 10 litres of 20% watery gelatine is mixed a solution of 300 gr. sulphate of ammonia in 2.5 litres of water and-the mixture is allowed to mature at a raised tem erature I (approximately at 50 to 70) unti a certain size of grain is obtained. If no importance is attached to a coarse grain, the maturing stage may be omitted and an emulsion of colloidal distributed sulphate of barium in gelatine is obtained.
- the emulsion is allowed to stiffen, is then granulated according to the methods customary in the photographic industries and washed until the water produces no longer any chemical reaction upon the salts of conversion.
- the emulsion thus purified is melted and applied to the paper.
- To this mass may be added, as required, further quantities of gelatine or of another binding agent (glue,
- paper for photographic purposes the production of a coating emulsion of sulphate of paper for p otographic purposes the pro-- duction of a coating emulsion of sulphate of barium, which consists in bringing together Ba-ions and SO -ions in the presence of a protective colloid, allowing said emulsion of sulphate of barium to mature until a certain size of grain is obtained, granulating the stiff mass, washing and re-melting it.
Description
Patented Aug. 1924.
7 UNITED STATES EDUARD SGHLOEMANN', 0F DUREN, GERMANY.
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES.
No Drawing. Application filed June 9,
To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDUARD ScHnonMANN, subject of the German Republic, residing at Duren, Rheinland, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper for Photographic Purposes, of which the following is a specification.
The invention relates .to improvements in the manufacture of paper for photographic purposes. In order to make ordinary paper suitable for the purposes of the photographic industries they are coated with a suspension of sulphate of barium (blanc fixe) in gelatine, glue,,casein or similar binders. This coating serves a double purpose. On the one hand it prevents the infiltration of the photographic emulsion (bromide of silver gelatine) into the fibre of thepaper and on the other hand it protects the photographic emulsion against the action of impurities contained in the paper, which owing to-their chemical action may have a disturbing effect upon the picture during the subsequent de velopment.
The treatment of the paper is carried out in the following manner. Pulverized heavy spar or precipitated sulphate of barium in the dry state or as a dough is mixed with a binding agent and this mixture is applied to the chine.
This invention consists in bringing together Ba-ions. on the one hand and SO,- ions on the other hand in theqpresence of a protective colloid and maturing the emulsion of sulphate of barium so produced in gelatine, preferably at higher temperatures, 111 011181 to obtain a certain size of grain. After this size of grain has been attained the maturing process is discontinued, the
- stiff mass is granulated, washed and after re-melting applied to the raw paper, the
protective colloid acting at the same time' as binding medium.
The improved process is distinguished from the old process described in the preamble by the fact that by the employment of pure raw materials (for instance chloride of barium, chemically pure sulphate of ammonia and purified gelatine as protective colloid) after Washing out the sulphate of barium gelatine and completely removing the products of conversion a barium coating is obtained, which in regard to purity satisfies the highest requirements and is therepaper by means of a spreading ma- 1923. Serial No. 644,488.
for of the greatest importance for the manufacture of highgrade photographic paper. By means of the improved process an easy and absolutely uniform distribution of the sulphate of barium in the binding agent is furthermore possible, as the sulphate of barium forms itself by the admixture of two solutions in the binding agent acting as pro tective colloid. It is also of importance in the improved process that owing to the matu'ring, the sulphate of barium may be produced in any size of grain. The crude mechanical granulation of the heavy spa-r or the precipitated sulphate of barium of the known process is replaced by the far exacter operating colloid-chemical maturing process, in which the original concentration of the brine, the presenceof other electrolytes, the kind and concentration of the protective colloid, as well as the time and the temperature are the factors, which are of influence for the size of the grain to be obtained.
The following may serve as an example for the carrying out of the process: with a heated solution of 500 gr. chloride of barium in 10 litres of 20% watery gelatine is mixed a solution of 300 gr. sulphate of ammonia in 2.5 litres of water and-the mixture is allowed to mature at a raised tem erature I (approximately at 50 to 70) unti a certain size of grain is obtained. If no importance is attached to a coarse grain, the maturing stage may be omitted and an emulsion of colloidal distributed sulphate of barium in gelatine is obtained.
The emulsion is allowed to stiffen, is then granulated according to the methods customary in the photographic industries and washed until the water produces no longer any chemical reaction upon the salts of conversion.
The emulsion thus purified is melted and applied to the paper. To this mass may be added, as required, further quantities of gelatine or of another binding agent (glue,
paper for photographic purposes the production of a coating emulsion of sulphate of paper for p otographic purposes the pro-- duction of a coating emulsion of sulphate of barium, which consists in bringing together Ba-ions and SO -ions in the presence of a protective colloid, allowing said emulsion of sulphate of barium to mature until a certain size of grain is obtained, granulating the stiff mass, washing and re-melting it.
4. The process for the manufacture of paper for photographic purposes, which consists in coating raw paper with an emulsion of sulphate of barium in a binding 111E- dium, said emulsion being obtained by the sulphate of barium being produced in the binding medium by bringing together Ba ions and SO -ions.
5. The process for the manufacture of paper for photographic pur oses, which consists in mix'in a heated so ution of 500 gr..of chloride of arium in 10 litres of 20% watery gelatine with a solution of 300 gr. sulphate of ammonia in 2.5 litres of water, allowin said emulsion of colloidal distributed sulphate of barium in gelatine to stiflen, granulating, washing, re-melting and applying it to the raw paper.
6. The process for the manufacture of paper for photographic purposes which consists in mixing a heated solution of chloride of barium 1n watery gelatine with a solution of sulphate of ammonia in water, allowing said emulsion to mature at raised temperatures until a certain size of grain is produced, cooling said emulsion until .it stiffens, granulatmg, washing, re-melting and applying it to the raw paper.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.
EDUARD SCI-ILOEMANN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US644488A US1504150A (en) | 1923-06-09 | 1923-06-09 | Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US644488A US1504150A (en) | 1923-06-09 | 1923-06-09 | Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1504150A true US1504150A (en) | 1924-08-05 |
Family
ID=24585111
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US644488A Expired - Lifetime US1504150A (en) | 1923-06-09 | 1923-06-09 | Manufacture of paper for photographic purposes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1504150A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2805161A (en) * | 1953-04-30 | 1957-09-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Baryta coated photographic paper |
-
1923
- 1923-06-09 US US644488A patent/US1504150A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2805161A (en) * | 1953-04-30 | 1957-09-03 | Eastman Kodak Co | Baryta coated photographic paper |
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