US1497075A - Machine for lixiviating textile fabrics - Google Patents

Description

June 10, 1924 C. H. ELLIOTT MACHINE FOR LIXIVIATING TEXTILE FABRICS 3 Sheets-$heet l Filed Auz.

C. H. ELLIOTT MACHINE FOR LIXIVIATING TEXTILE FABRICS June 10 Fir d Aug. 31. 1923 s Sheets-Sheet 2 w R m W Tram/E).

June 10, 192%- C. H. ELLIOTT MACHINE FOR LIXIVIATING TEXTILE FABRICS Filed Ana. 3]., 1923 I5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG: 3.

' such that a more satisfactory and rapid.

Patented dune M13, 1924.

UNETED STATE areas aranr I rte.

CHARLES LELLIOTT, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 H. W. BUT- TERWORTH & SONS COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR LIXIVIATING TEXTILE FABRICS.

Application filed August 31, 1923. Serial No. 660,313.

T 0 all whom it may concern.

Be it known that 1, CHARLES H. ELLIOTT, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented an improvement "in Machines for Lixiviating Textile Fabrics, of which the following is a specification.

In treating fabrics with alkaline sub stances, such as lye or caustic soda, as in mercerizing, the fabric becomes impregnated with the said alkaline substance and must be subjected to a washing operation for removing the same beforebeing subjected to finishing processes, and it is the object of my invention to provide a machine which is specially designed for the purpose of thoroughly lixiviating or washing the fabric during its travel through the machine in a continuous manner, the construction being elimination of the alkali from the fabric is assured than has been the general practice in machines of this character heretofore in In machines of this'class, the fabric is carried through the machine in a vertical zigzag manner, being subjected at its lower bends to washing fluids of graded purity, 'whereby it leaves the machine after treatment to the fluid of greatest purity, said fabric being subjected to a washing operation in a heated atmosphere as it passes from one body of washing fluid to the next and at the same time to more or less frictionfor atmosphere'within the chamber of the apparatus, whereby the strain due to this operation may be increased or decreased, according to the strength or delicacy of the fabric being treated.

My invention also has for an object the possible with machines =ating devices in a more satisfactory manner andunder more uniform tension.

My object is also to provide the enclosed chamber (in which the washing takes place in a heated atmosphere) with large hinged side doors which expose the interior suflicient ly to permit the examination of the fabric content andthe means for washing the same, said doors controlling openings arranged considerably above the fluid level in the tank.

A- further object is the provision of bearings for the guide rollers within the lixiviating chamber having a composition which is self-lubricating, notwithstanding the presence of the alkaline solution or atmosphere.

With the above and other objects in view,"

the nature of which will be more fully understood from the description hereinafter, the invention consists in the novel construction of machine for lixiviating textile fabrics, as hereinafter more fully described and defined in the claims.

Referring to the drawings: Fig. l is a side elevation of a machine for removing alkaline substances from fabrics and embodying' my improvements; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the same; Fig. 3

is a vertical transverse section of the same, taken on line 33 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of the same, taken on line 1-4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a side View of one end of the adjustable stretching and rubbing devices showing the means for driving the'same; Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of a portion of the machine taken on line 66 of Fig. 2; and Fig. 7 is a horizontal section showing a portion of the tension controlling means and taken on line 77 of Fig. 2.

2 is a chamber having a cover 37 and a body having side walls 4, end walls 4 and 4t and an inclined floor or bottom 3 which in clinesupwardly from the end wall't and .105 specially constructed lower or tank portion '5. This tank portion comprises a box-like lit) terminating .in the opposite end wall 4 and so on through the series, until it reaches the lowermost compartment or well 12 into which extends the end wall 11 of the chamber 2 to provide a fluid seal. Similarly, the other end wall 13 of the chamber 2 extends down into the uppermost or liquid receiving compartment to form a fluid seal. By means of these fluid seals, the steam or vapor Within the chamber 2 and space in the tank portion above the fluid compartments 12* is prevented from freely escaping and yet provide passages through which the fabric 4 F may freely pass into and out of the said chamber. The washing fluid may be supplied to the uppermost compartment 12 by a suitable supply pipe such as let when starting the machine and the level desired is maintained in the lowermost compartment or well at 12 by employment of an overflow pipe 14 preferably of a trap form. During the operation of the machine, the additional water or washing fluid required to be sup- I plied to the uppermost compartment 12 is furnishedby the spray pipe 54 which sprays the fresh water or fluid, directly. upon the fabric immediately before passing between the squeeze rolls 26 and 27 to be hereinafter referred to.

Referring more particularly to the construction of the transverse division walls or dams 6, the same each consist of a unitary casting having a front plate 9 and a back plate 8 with a vertical passage between them, the front plate extending to a higher elevation than the back plate toguide the fluid flowing over the back plate into the passage 10 and said passage having an opening at its bottom through the front plate for the flow of the fluid into the next lower compartment 12 at or near. its bottom so as to provide an upward current within the compartment. As the floor 3 upon which the division walls 6 rest is inclined, the lower flanges 7 of the said walls are planed on an incline to correspond, whereby the Walls or dams may stand in upright positions (Fig. 2).

Arranged within each of the washing compartments 12 is a transverse guide roller 15, the same having end journals which are received in bearings 16 extending through eer/ aa the side walls 4 (Fig. 6) i and provided with self-lubricating bearing surfaces, the same composed of a Wooden sleeve 16 saturated or thoroughly impregnated with an oil lubricant. A hearing of this character is constantly presenting fresh lubricating surfaces as it... wears and the unexposed body of the fibrous bearing material maintains its lubricating capacity. The bearings 16 are removable from the outside of the machine, so that when new sleeves 16 are to replace worn ones, this may readily be done.

Arranged in the upper portion of the chamber 2 are a plurality of guide and feed ing rollers 17, the same being preferably of larger diameter than the rollers and located above the spaces intermediate of said rollers, so that the fabric F to .be treated is guided over the rollers 17 and under the rollers 15 and thereby caused to travel in a vertical zig-zag manner, the successive vertical web portions being preferably parallel (Fig. 2). The fabric F in passing into the chamber 2 is guided in contact with a spiral roller 50 journaled above the well 12 and thence passes under the submerged roller 15 of the lowermost compartment 12, thence upward over the first feeding and guide roller17, thence downward around the submerged guide roller 15 in the next compartment 12 and so on, passing alternately about the rollers 17 and 15. After leaving the last of the guide rollers in the uppermost compartment. 12, the fabric is guided upward through the passage 14 between the wall 13 of chamber 2 and the upward extension of the tank wall 4*, over a guide 26. to and between the squeeze rolls 26 and 27 by which the fluid contained in the fabric is largely squeezed out and mixed with the spray water from spray pipe 54?, returned to the uppermost compartment, as w ll be readily understood by reference to Fig. 2. The lower squeeze roll 26 is journaled in stationary bearings and is revolved by a large L gear wheel 25, driven in turn by a pinion and shaft 22, the latter having a belt wheel "23 by which it may be rotated. The upper squeeze roller 27 is carried in adjustable bearings suitablyguided and respectively adjusted by levers 28 respectively hinged at one of their ends and having the other of their ends respectively connected to rods leading down to separately hinged levers 32,

weighted at 33. The levers 28 are each provided with an adjusting screw 29 connecting with the adjustable bearings 30. Tn this manner, the squeeze roller 27 may have the pressure on each end separately ad usted.

To raise the squeeze roller 27, I provide a li transverse shaft 34 having cams 35 (one for each lever 28) and an operating handle When the parts are in the positions shown in Fig. 1, the full pressure is applied to the roller 27 and the position of the levers 28 are adapted to be simultaneously acted upon by the cams 35 when the operating handle 36 is thrown. Bythis means, any desired weight maybe applied to the roller 27 and each end may operate independently of the other, but when raising the roller for threading in the web or for other reasons, the two ends of the roller may be lifted simultaneously.

The chamber 2 is. provided with a suitable cover 37 of any suitable construction to seal it at the top for preventing free entrance of the atmosphere and avoiding unrestricted escape of the steam and heated vapors. The cover may be of wood with metal reinforcements and may be clamped in closed position by cross bars 38 and screw clamps 39 hinged to the top of the chamber and Further considering the feeding and guide.

rollers 17, these are also journaled in bearings 18 having self-lubricating sleeves as in the case of the rollers 15, but in this case one of the journals of each of the rollers 17 is extended through its bearing and is driven from a shaftf20 by mitre gears 19 (Figs. 2 and 3)., the said shaft-20 being itself driven from shaft 22 by bevel gears 21.

The interior of the chamber 2 is provided with a series of perforated pipes constituting scouring, spray-or jet pipes 54 arranged transversely for the purpose of spraying hot steam or vapors against the surface of the fabric being treated and are so positioned that they act upon the fabric on its upward movement after leaving one of the washing compartments 12". Some of said spray or jet pipes 54 act upon one surface of the fabric and the others act upon the other surface, so that both surfaces of the fabric are treated in the same manner. These'jet pipes 54 are connected to a manifold of any suitable construction to which the heated vapors or steam is supplied by a.

pipe 54 having a control valve 54 (Fig. 1). Arranged above the jet pipes 54, are a series 7 of rubbing bars 55, one to e'achjet 54, and

adapted to act on the opposite side of the fabric being treated; and it isdesirable that the bars. 55 are so positioned that the fabric rubs gently against them to loosen the alkaline material which may be present These cut so that one is right-handed an bars 55 may be fixedly positioned, if so desired, but I prefer that they shall have slight adjustment capacity, as shown at 55*, for example, (comprising a slot and clamping screw), so as to vary the extent or degree of rubbing action of said bars upon the fabric. Any other suitable means of adjustment may be employed. The essential feature is to provide a relative adjustment between the jet or spray pipes 54 and the rubbing bars 55 with respect to a common vertical plane, the said pipes and bars preferably in contact with opposite surfaces of 1 the fabric at all times, whereby the jet pipes also act as rubbing bars. In every case where a jet pipe is employed, the associated so T rubbing bar is in contact with the opposite surface of the fabric to that being treated by the jets of steam or vapor from the jet f pipes.

As a preliminary to the properwashing and scouring of the fabric, constituting the lixiviating operation, the fabric should be stretched to proper width so that in passing about the guide and feeding rollers, it is in a smooth condition, and to this end I provide certain improvements for this, purpose. The spiral roller 50 before referred to may consist of a roller having one-half of its length formed with a right-hand s iral thread and the other half with a leftand spiral-thread, the spirals so arranged thatsome of the washing fluid. Two spiral rolls 56, between which the fabric passes, are journaled in an adjustable frame comprising two heads 57 connected by heavy bolts or studs 57, said frame'journaledjn the side walls of the chamber 2 for adjustment about a transverse axis passing through theplane of the fabric when traveling between the rollers 15 and 17 unacted. upon by the spiral rolls. The frame and spiral rolls may be adjusted so that the spiral rolls will not touch the fabric, but when adjusting otherwise, the respective rolls may be simultaneously moved into contact with opposite surfaces of the fabric to applymore or less friction and transverse stretching of the same, less pressure 'and fri ction being employed with delicate fabrics than where the fabricis strong. The spiral rolls are each made with one-half their length ri hthanded and .the other half left-handmT in respect to thespiral grooves and ribs (Figs. Sand 4), the ribs or teeth -being preferably V or angular in shape. The adjacent ends of the two rolls 56 have their s irals the j are geared 'together by gears 58 and are rotated by a rotating shaft 61 (concentric with the axis of the adjustable frame 57) and gear 60 thereon meshing with gear 59 on one of the spiral rolls 56 (Fig. 5). The

shaft 61 is provided with a sprocket wheel 62 which is driven by a chain drive 64, itself driven from a sprocket wheel 63 on the first guide roller 17 (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). Any other manner of driving the rolls 56 may be employed, if so desired. The frames 57 may be adjusted about its axis for adjusting the relative positions of the spiral rolls and held in adjusted positions by means 'of the clamping screws 73 and slots 72 (Fig. 5). It will now be understood that when the device is adjusted, as in Figs. 2 and 5, no material action by the spiral rolls 56 is had upon the fabric as there is space between.

them for the free upward travel of the same. If, however, the frames 57 are adjusted clockwise in Fig. 2, then the uppermostspiral roll 56 is pressed against one side-of the fabric and the other or lowermost spiral roll is pressed against the other side of the fabric, with the result that it is caused to take a more or less sinuous course in contact with said rolls and will be spread or stretched transversely from selvage to selvage. In this way, when the fabric reaches the first roller17, it is already smoothed out an'd'in perfect condition for the lixiviating or washing process which is to follow. The extent of the friction to be applied'is determined by the rotary adjustment of the frames 57 and the extent of adjustment is governed by the character of the fabric, frail or lace-like fabrics requiring less friction than goods of heavier and more rigid texture. Experience will guide the operator in charge in such adjustment. While these stretching spiral rolls 56 are not intended to produce the rubbing or scouring action required, nevertheless, since they act upon the fabric after it has passed through the fluid in the well compartment 12, they do perform a preliminary scrap- I ing off of alkaline material during the stretching operation; and moreover, as they rotate at a faster surface speed than that of the fabric, their rubbing action is far more pronounced than that of the individual bars 55 and consequently, said spiral rolls perform the dual function of stretching and rubbing.

While access may be had to the chamber 2 by removing the cover 37 therefrom, neverth'eless, the presence of the rollers 17 prevent a man from reaching the inner working parts of the chamber and of the tank base 5 and additional means are necessary to provide for such access. To this end, each side of the chambers 2 is provided with large man-holes between the level of the rollers 17 and spray pipes 54: and said holes neeaeva are normally closed by... large cover plates starting up the machine or for temporary repairs or cleaning when required; and quick access to the interior may be readily had even while the machine is in operation it necessary for any reason.

A steam pipe 70 having a control valve 71 (Fig. 2) may be employed to provide steam to the well 12 to heat the fluid in the first compartment 15, so that the fabric may be heated and saturated with hot fluid before entering the chamber 2 and subjection to the spiral rolls 56, it being thus rendered more pliable and responsive to treatments to follow.

While the fabric may be delivered to the lixiviating machine. from any source required, it is a customary practice to mercerize the fabric while in the custody of a tentering machine and from such machine de livering it to the lixiviating machine. This is best accomplished by an interposed feeding means shown at the left of Figs. 1 and 2 and which will now be described. 41 are upright guide frames having vertical guide slots 42 in which journal boxes 43 slide, said boxes indirectly carrying a guide roller through the medium of a shaft 53 upon which the roller is 'ournaled with freedom of rotation. The s aft 53 is journaled in the boxes so as to have rotation therein and and is also provided near each end with pinions 52 which mesh with racks 51 secured to the upright guides adjacent to the slots 42 thereof (Figs. 2 and 7). In this manner, the roller 4A may be free to rotate at any speed and the supporting rod 53 is caused to remain horizontal at all times in its upward and downward movement. The weight of the roller 44 and associated parts is counter-weighted to the desired extent by the weights 4:8 and chains 47, which latter are guided over groo'ved wheel 49 and have their ends connected to the boxes Near the upper end of the frame'tl is journaled a guide roller. 45' and opposite to it is a second roller 46 acting both as a guide and feed roller, it being positively rotated by the sprocket chain 64 which has heretofore been referred toas the means for rotating the spiral rolls 56. The fabric F passes over roller 45, thence under the compensating or tension roller 4A, thence upward over feed roller 46 and downward to spiral roller 1.

lid

anors 3 50. In this manner, the feed roller 46 feeds the fabric with a speed commensurate with the needs of the lixiviating machine proper. While the press rolls 26 and 27 provide a pull on the fabric, it is not desirable to rely upon them alone for feeding the fabric through the chamber 2 and hence the rollers 17 are employed also as feed rollers; and similarly, it is not desirable for these rollers 17 to pull the fabric into the machine against material resistance and hence the feeding roller 46 with the compensating tension roller 44 are provided, the former insuring the delivery of the fabric and the latter insuring a uniform tension. It sometimes happens that the fabric varies in its tendency'to stretch according to the density of its weave or to vary its length due to shrinkage variations arising from the mercerizing; and any of these variations occurring along the length of the fabric are compensated for by the takeup or tension roller.

In the use of a machine of this character, the object is primarily to scour and wash out from the mercerized fabric all of the caustic alkaline matters and secondarily to provide means for the recovery of the alkaline.

solution in more or less concentrated condition, whereby it is suitable for immediate use as a mercerizing medium without the necessity of regeneration, this latter being made possible by reason of the fact that the concentrated solution is obtained without being affected by carbonic acid of the atmosphere. While the chamber 2 is open to the atmosphere through the pipes 410,- as aforesaid, nevertheless, I am enabled to introduce steam in such quantities that an outward flow of vapors are maintained through said pipes and thereby an inflow of air revented.

e cencentrated alkaline solution overflowing from the well 12 or through a trap may be pumped away for use in the mercerizing machine in any convenient manner, though this feature does not form any part of my invention.

In respect to the washing action of the fluid in the compartmentslQ, it is pointed out that the less concentrated solution flowing from the bottom outlet of the passage 10 meets the fabric passing under the roller 15 and tends to produce an efl'ective washing upon the rising fabric, and similarly, the descending fabric meets a rising fluid current (to the overflow) and hence again insures an efiective washing; all of which permits the steaming and rubbing to be followed to be especially effective in displacing the alkaline substance from. the fabric.

llt will now be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful construction which embodies the features of advantage enumerated as desirable, and while I have in the present instance shown and described the preferred embodiment thereof which has been found in practice to give satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the details, as the same are susceptible of modification in various particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as newand desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a machine for lixiviating textile fabric, a chamber adapted to provide a heated atmosphere having its lower art in box-like form divided into a series ot transverse trough-like compartments separated by a plurality of transverse walls bolted to the bottom and sidesof the box-like structure, the upper ends of said transverse division walls being successively at higher elevations and each formed by a double transverse wall with a fluid passage between them, said passage opening in one direction at the bottom into the next lower compartment and opening at the top in the opposite direction into the next higher compartment whereby the fluid from the latter compartment overflows the adjacent wall and downward through the passage to the lower part of the next lower compartment and so on through the series of compartments, submerged guide rollers arranged in said compartments, guide rollers arranged in the upper portion of the enclosed chamber whereby fabric is guided alternately around the submerged rollers and upper guide rolls, means for subjecting the fabric intermediate of said rolls to a scouring action, means to admit washing fluid to the uppermost compartment, and a water seal in the lowermost compartment for permitting the entrance of the fabric while maintaining the compartment in a substantially closed condition.

2. The invention according to claim 1, wherein the bearings for the submerged rollers are formed of wood saturated permanently throughout with a lubricant.

3. The invention according to claim 1,

wherein further the rear wall of the chain ber dips into the uppermost compartment to form a water seal and in which further the said end of the machine is provided with a pair of press rolls levers and counterweights for pressing the upper roller downward upon the lower roller, an adjustable screw connection between the levers and the bearings of the upper press roll, whereby it may be adjusted relatively to the levers, and manually operable cam means for simultaneously lifting the levers for separating the press rolls when inserting the fabric between them. i

4. The invention according to claim 1, wherein further, the transverse division rec.

walls between the several compartments are each formed of a unitary casting having front and back plates with a vertical passage between them, the front plate extending to a higher level than the back plate and providing an opening at its bottom for the flow of the fluid from the space between the front and back plates, and means along the bottom of the back plate and the ends of both plates for securing the said wall in the chamber and forming a liguid tight joint along the bottom and ends the walls.

5. Tn a machine for lixiviating textile fabric, a chamber having at the bottom a plurality of transverse formed by transverse division walls extending from side to side of the chamber and providing overflow portions atsuccessive higher elevations whereby the Washing fluid fed to the highest chamber will overflow into the next and so on throughout the series of compartments, combined with a transverse submerged guide roll in each of the compartments, corresponding guide rolls arrangedrin the upper part ofthe chamber, said guide rolls guiding the textile fabric in a zigzag manner through the chamber, and the washing fluids in the successive compartments, said fabric entering at'the lowermost compartment and leaving at the uppermost one, means for scouring the fabric during its travel through the chamber above the washing compartments, and means within the chamber for applying friction to the opposite surfaces of the fabric and stretching the same laterally from selvage to selvage said means comprising an adjustable frame having a transverse axis and having journaled' therein two parallel spirally grooved rolls each having their spirals from the center cut in a right hand manner in one direction and a left, hand manner in the other direction, gearing tocause said spiral rolls to revolve in opposite directions, power means to rotate the said spiral rolls, and means for adjusting the frame together with the spiral rolls about its axis for putting more or less frictional contact upon the fabric vto suit the guide rolls in the upper part of the chamher in one direction and the two spiral rolls respectively in opposite direction to each cther, andone of said spiral rolls rotating in the same direction the guide rolls,

compartments nceaove 8. The invention according to claim 5, wherein further, there is" provided perforated pipes for subjecting the fabric on one side while passing through the chamber in a zigzag manner to a scouring fluid medium and also transverse rubbing bars between which bars and perforated pipes the fabric 'spiral rolls respectively in opposite direc-' tions to each other and whereby one of said spiral rolls rotates in the same direction as the guide rolls, and wherein further, the power for operating the spiral rollsis transmitted through a shaft and gearing arranged concentrically with the axis of the frame carrying the spiral rolls and geared to one of said spiral rolls. 7

10. In a machine for lixiviating textile fabric, a chamber having at the bottom a plurality of transverse compartments formed by transverse division walls extending from side to side of the chamber and providing overflow portions at successive higher elevations whereby the washing fluid fed to the highest chamber willoverflow into the next and so on throughout the series of compartments, combined with a transverse submerged guide roll in each of the compartments, corresponding guide rolls arranged in the upper part of the chamber, said guide rolls guiding. the textile fabric in a zigzag manner through the chamber and the washing fluids in the successive compartments, said fabric entering at the'lowermost compartment and leaving atthe uppermost one, means for scouring the fabric during its travel through the chamber above the washing compartments comprising perforated pipes for subjecting the fabric while passing through the chamber in a zigzag manner to a scouring fluid medium and also transverse rubbing bars between which bars and perforated pipes the fabric passes, and in which further, similar perforated scouring pipes and rubbing bars are arranged at intervals in the chamber said bars and pipes arranged for operating similarly upon both sides of the textile fabric during its zigzag passage through the chamber.

11, The invention according to claim 10 wherein further there is provided within the chamber a pair of oppositely rotating spiral rolls for acting upon opposite faces of the fabric to stretch the same preliminary to the action by the scouring means, and ad justable means for varying the extent of lllli 3E feeding and guide rolls in thechamber and is fed for insuring a preliminary stretching. thereof in a transverse direction before it action of the spiral rolls upon the fabric.

12. The invention according to claim 10, wherein further, there is provided within the chamber a pair of oppositely rotating spiral rolls for acting upon opposite faces of the fabric to stretch the same preliminary to the action by the scouring means, said spiral rolls provided with adjustable means for varying the extent of their action upon the fabric, and wherein further, there is arranged upon the outside of the machine an additional roll having its outer surface formed with spiral grooves of a right hand construction from the center to one end and of a left hand construction from the center to the other end and over which the fabric entersthe washing fluid. f

l3. The invention according to claim 10, wherein further, means are, provided to cause a relative adjustment between the scouring pipes for projecting the fiuid and e scouring requirements of I mally closed by doors hinged at their lower parts and combined with clamping means for holding the doors in closed relation, said man-holes arranged at a'level below the above the guide rolls in the transverse fluid compartments.

15. In a machine for lixiviating textile ipes and bars may be ada fabric, a chamber provided at its lower part the stretching means under uniform tension which comprises two guide rolls in fixed bearings, an adjustable guide roll movable in vertically adjustable bearings and for drawing the fabric downward between the fixedly positioned guide rolls, counter-balancing means forthe'movable guide roll to regulate the amount of tension put upon the fabric, a pinion at each end of the movable guide roll and vertical racks with which the pinions mesh to insure the movable roll moving to equal extents atopposite ends so that itshall at all times operate in parallel relation to the aforesaid guide rolls from which it receives and to which it delivers the fabric. Y

16. The invention'accordin to claim 15, whereinfurther one of the rol ers supported in fixed bearings is positively driven to feed the fabric,and the tension'roll is free to rotate on a transverse shaft journaled in the adjustable bearings and having the pinions secured near its ends, whereby said shaft always remains horizontal while being raised or lowered.

In testimony of which invention, I here-" unto set my hand.

1 CHARLES 'H. ELLIOT

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