US1484568A

US1484568A - savage

Info

Publication number: US1484568A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1924-02-19
Anticipated expiration: 1941-02-19

Description

Feb. 19 1924.

E. s. SAVAGE ART OF PRINTING Filed Dec- 15, 1919 5 Sheets-Sheet l 0 {'ThelindustrialYaupremacy 3 o or|m=|unitealszatea|ia 1arge1y|due| to [the I invention o andgeneraliapplicationIof 3 o laborlaavingmachinery.

to the nven C3. on

66 INVENTOR a ATTORNEYS.

Feb, 19 1924. 1,484,568

E. s. SAVAGE ART OF PRINTING Filed Dec. 15 1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 gs l 7 54 51 The industrial supremacy I L :of the United States is and general application of {labor saving machinery.

The indu rial s elna IE of the United. States is Z'Z'L'L'I 9 lar due to the invention and era] lication of 0 56 55 as? 7' I Z "*1 9 The industrial'supremacy EYREIIJIID IT 51 1 o of the United. States is c::::' tl': 1 "2 c largely due to the-invention c:i :1'::1 5- E 1|] 1 0, Land general application of CI'IQ'IIfIi") T E '53 55 34 1i' L m 6%: TTORNEYS.

Feb. 19 1924.

E. S. SAVAGE ART OF PRINTING Filed Dec. 15

1919 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 5 A Tram/5Y5.

Patented Feb. 19, 1924.

PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD S. SAVAGE, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

m or ramrmo.

Application nieamcemb er 15, 1919. Serial in. 845,095.

To all whom it may concem:

Be it known that I, EDWARD S. SAVAGE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Printing, of which the following is a specification. I I

The present invention relates to a method of preparing t p ewritten matter for photoengraving an to a form used in such method, an object of this invention being to provide for the alignment of the last letters of the typed lines so that matter printed from the photo-engraving will appear symmetrical. a To these and other ends, the invention comprises, in addition to the method, certain parts and combinations of parts, all of which will be hereinafter described, the novel features being pointed out in the appended claims. I

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a fragmentary view of one form of a typed sheet made in accordance with this invention; a

Fig. 2 is a fragmenta .top view of'a form through which the en characters of the typed lines are brought into ali ent by separating the word pieces, the orm being shown as associated with a justifying mechanism for the word pieces, and the word pieces being shown in the position the occupy before the operation of the justiging mechanism;

Fig.3 is a fragmentary view .of the opposite end of the farm and the justifying mechanism, the latter being shown in the positionwhich it occupies after the shifting of the word pieces.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4, Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a sectional view through the form after the word pieces have been se-- cured in their shifted positions;

Fig. 6 shows in plan and'in side elevation, fragmentary views of the sheet strips; Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view of another 'typed sheet constructed under this invenshown in the positions which they occupy before expansion Fig. 10 is a fragmentary view of the opposite end of the form shown in Fig. 9 showing the expansibletyped strips in the position which they occupy after expansion;

Fig. 11 is a section on the line 1111,

Fig. 10;

ig. l2'is a fragmentary view of one end of another form of the invention showing the word pieces on a form with a justifying mechanism associated with the form;

"Fig. 13 shows in side elevation the devices illustrated in Fig. 12, parts being shown in section;

Fig. 14 is a section on the line 1414,

ig. 15 shows in plan and side elevation, one of the spring pawls used in the adjusting mechanism ig. .16 shows in plan and side-elevation,

a. fragmentary view of a sheet on-which the matter is typed; and

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of one of the extensible .line supports of still another embodiment. I

Referring first to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 6, 1 indicates a sheet of paper or similar material on which the matter from which the photo-engraving is to be made, is typed. v The typewriting machine which is employed for typing the matter preferably has a type bar formed with a cutter adapted, at intervals, to produce slits.

2 preferably between the difierent words, these slits being of sufiicient length to extend at least midway between the s aces between the difierent lines. It is pre erred also to provide nimibers or characters 3 at the end of each'typed line. The sheet in this form may also be provided with short slits o r cuts 4.- preferably of arcuate form to provide openings for a purpose to be hereinafter set forth, these openings being equidistantly spaced from the last letter of their respectwo lines. Opposite edges of the sheet may be provided with two series of aligned openings 5 and 6, one opening in each series aligning with one of the typed lines.

The sheet of this embodiment and in the condition above set forth is a plied to/a plurality of'plarallel extensible line supports of a form. hese line supports each comprise a strip 7 of rubber or other suitable tangular and has detachably secured on itsopposite longitudinal sides, a plurality of hooks or clips 9, each clip having an upwardly projecting prong 10. The elastic strips are anchored on these prongs or projections and the typed sheet after cutting off the sheet on the line 11 is then adhesively secured to the strips, the openings at the edge of the strips being fitted over the projections 10 on the clips, so that the spaces between the elastic strips will align with the spaces between th lines on the typed matter, a distance along the ri ht hand side of the typed sheet being left Tree from the strips.

After the strips have been adhesively secured as set forth, a cutting device is employed which cuts the sheet between the typed lines. If desired inelastic pieces 12 may be adhesively secured at the "left hand side of the elastic strips. When the sheet 1 is cut between the typed lines, these cuts intersect the cuts 2 between the words and in this way each typed line will be formed by a held in a fixed relation throughout the column in order that, when the typed line is justified, the position of the first letter will not be shifted and the column will be aligned alongthe left hand side. The justifying of the typed line in order that the last letter of each of the lines may be brought into alignment is effected b shifting the pieces forming each line, this shifting varying in the different lines, depending upon the amount the last letter in any one line is situated from a given line which is to form the right hand si e of the column.

The shifting of these line forming pieces 7 may be effected in any suitable manner. It

is preferred however, to rovide a justifying mechanism which will the lines at one operation and shift such pieces the desired amount. This mechanism comprises in the embodiment shown in Figs. 1

to 6, a frame 13 having a seat 14 for the frame 8. At one side of this frame 13 a plurality of detents or hooks 15 are mounted upon a rock bar 16 which is journalled at its ends in a slide or carriage which operates on the frame 13. This slide or carriage comprises two blocks 17 connected by a rod 18' and moved back and forth through the medium of a crank handle 19, which is secured to one end of a rock shaft 20 journalled in the frame 13 below the slide. The rock shaft 20 carries two arms 21 which by links 22 are connected to the end pieces 17. The relative movements of the word pieces are effected by swinging the hooked devices 15 from the operate upon all a on the sheet.

position shown in Fig. 2 to a position where the hooks will lie on the word pieces forming the typed line. The crank handle 19 is then turned to the left, thus shifting the hooks to an extreme position over the typed lines. The movement of the crank handle 19 in the opposite direction will cause the hooks or detents to ride over the pieces forming the typed line until each hook enters one of the openings 4; formed in the last word piece of each line, after which this piece will be shifted and through the elastic connections between the pieces forming each line, all of the pieces will be shifted until the last letters of the lines are brought into alignment in the manner shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings.

After the positions of the word pieces are reached, the last word piece of each line is anchored on the hook at the right hand side of the line, any suitable means being employed for this purpose. A desirable means for simultaneously anchoring all of the end word pieces of the lines comprises a rubber strip 23 secured in a grooved bar 24 which is supported at opposite ends 'b arms 25 mounted to turn on the rocking bar 16 relatively to the hooks 15. A spring 26 normally holds the rubber strip 23 out of contact with the hooks 15 and in spaced relation thereto as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, this spring permitting the rubber bar to move downwardly so as to cooperate with the hooks 10 and the detents 15 being provided with slots 27 through which the hooks 10 may be passed, thus securing the last piece in each line to a hook 10 at the right hand side of the frame 8, in the manner shown in Fig. 5 of the drawings, the elastic strip 7 being bulged in the manner shown in Fig. 5. When this has been accomplished, the frame- 8 is removed from the justifying mechanism and is then ready for photographing in the manner well-known in producing the photoengravings, as each of the lines is connected to the frame independently of the other lines by detachable clips, it is apparent that any one of the lines may be removed in the event that'an error isfound in the line. It is apparent that the last letter at the end of a paragraph is not shifted and in this instance such typed line will not be provided with a cut 4.

In the embodiment shown in Figs. 7 to 11 inclusive, the typed matter is written upon a sheet 28 of elastic material such as rubber. This sheet of rubber has along its opposite edges, two series of

perforations

29 and 30.

It also has near the series of openings 30, a

number of characters 31 to indicate the lines Secured to the rear side of the sheet along its opposite edges are two

inelastic strips

32 and 33 these .inelastic strips being adhesively secured to the sheet 28 in order that the sheet will not stretch at these points. The inelastic strip 88 and the sheet.

frame 8" is fitted to the 28 are provided with coincident arcuate slots 34 situated, at difierent distances from the edges of the sheet but at equal distances from the ends of the typed lines.

The form used in connection with this sheet comprises in this instance a rectangular framei8 and a plurality of metallic strips 35 having metal clips 36 at their ends adapted to engage detachably about the.

frame 8 and having also adjacent the ri ht hand side of the frame, longitudinal s ots 37.

Hooks

38 and 38 are provided near opposite ends of the strips 35, and the'hooks 38 passing throu h the o 29 in the sheet 28. After t e sheet g been arranged upon the strips a cutting mechanism is emp oyed for cutting the sheet between the typed lines so that a number of elastic or extensible strips of typed lines 28' are provided. When the stri 1 contain' the typed lines have been t us prepa the ing mechanism shown in Figs. 2, 3 an 4 and the strips are stretched or adjusted in the manner described with reference to the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 5. When the typed lines are adjusted, the elastic portion between the

inelastic portions

32 and 33 is stretched an amount sufiicient to bring the last letter on each line support in alignment with the last letters on the other line 'means consistingof a plurality 0 supports.

n the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 12m 16, the matter to be photoengraved is typed upon an ordinary sheet of pa r such as shown at 90 in Fig. 16 and t 's sheet is provided preferably between each word with a number of slits 2" such slits being formed with a curved portion 2 between their ends and the slits being of such length that they will intersect a ine cut midway between the typed lines. The sheet is placed upon sipporting V are 40 resting upon the side bars of aframe 8 and having notches 41 ad'acent op ite ends to receive the upper edges of t e side bars, the ends of the bars rojecting beyond the side bars to rovi e finger pieces 42 through which t e bars may be removed or fitted to the rectangularframefi". In order also provided, each near its left han to detachably hold the bars 40 to the frame, depending spring latches 43 are provided on the under side of the bars for engaging at their free or lower ends in longitudinally extending grooves 44 formed on the inner faces of the sides of the rectangular frame 8". The bars 40 are provided with longitudinally extending grooves or channels 45 in their upper faces and the er;

with a in or projection 46. These pins or projections are ada ted to be passed through the series 0 openings extending rality of along the left hand side of the sheet, each openlng in the sheet being aligned with a line of type on the sheet, thus causing the line to be properly positioned over the bar 40. The tops of the bars on opposite sides of the channels are preferably coated with slow drying glue or other sticky substance, which while holding the pieces into which the sheet is out against accidental displacement, will permit the relative movement of the ieces'as will be hereinafter more partic arlyinted out. 7

After t e sheet has been applied to the bars, it is out between the lines so as to intersect the slits 2", thus cutting the sheet into a number of different pieces, each piece containing one word. The first word of each line will be held against movement, due to the fact that it is not separated from the opening atethe end of the line. The other pieces forming each line are shifted in the direction of the line so as to cause the last letters of the different lines to be aligned at-the right hand side of the form. With the end in view of confining the pieces to movement in the direction of the length of the bars, a frame made up of'a number of guide strips is provided. Each of these guide-strips has a reduced lower portion 47 which fits between the bars 40 and a larger upper portion 48 which projects above the bars, for a purpose which will be hereindescribed. The reduced portions act as guides for the pieces of the sheet to confine the pieces to movement in the direction of the len h of the bars.

A justi ing mechanism which may be used for separating the pieces in the line so as to bring the last letters of the lines in alignment com rises a base frame 49 formed to receive the rame 8 and carrying a pluiece shifting devices 50, one set for each ine of typed matter, these piece shifting devices being form of slides forme with resilient p0r- 'tions 50" and guided in the slotted sides of theframe 51 to one side of the rectangular frame 8", the slides being arranged in a column, one above another for each line. The slides in each column have downwardly turned portions 52 at one end overlapping the downwardly turned portions in the same row, the length of these downwardly turned portions radually decreasing from the uppermost s ide to the lowermost slide and the extreme ends of the downwardly turned port'ons being extended laterally at 53 and wing hooks or projections 53 thereon, the latera y extending portions 53 on the uppermost slide being below such portions on the other slides in the same column so that the hooks or projections on the slides have their positions rogressively at different heights with re erence to the lowermost projection. These projections are adapted preferably in the to successively enter between the pieces forming a line of typed matter, the tongues 2 being depressible to permit the entrance of the projections between the pieces. This movement of the projections 53 between the pieces is effected by shifting the slides 51 to the right until the projection on the slide reaches its proper position after which the others proceed without it until the movement of all the slides is discontinued.

The movement of the slides is effected preferably by shifting the frame 51 on the base frame 49 to one side of the frame 8". This movement of the frame 51 may be effected by a shaft 54 having a pinion 55 thereon meshing with a rack 56 which is secured to the slide carrying frame 51, the movement of the frame 51 being continued until all of the slits at the ends of the words have received one of the projections on the slides. The slides are guided during this movement by' the upper portions 48 of the guide strips.

.After the slides have been shifted to fill up all the slits, the slides are then moved different amounts, the one nearest the right hand side of the sheet being moved to bring the end letter in that word in alignment, the other being moved proportionately less depending on the number of cuts 2*, the movement of each word being such as to leave the space between the words in that line equal.-

The' amount of movement of the different slides is determined by a stop or shoulder 57 at the end of the groove or channel 45 which is engaged by the projection 53 on that slide which enters the notch at the end of the last word inthe typed line.

With the nd in View of effecting the differential movement in the slides, each column of slides may be operated through a swinging member 58 pivotally mounted on the rod 59 which is supported in spaced bearing pieces 60 arranged in a slot in the top wall of the frame 51. Theswingin members 58 are preferably in the form 0 two spaced pieces connected at their upper ends by a cross piece 61 and slottedat 62 so that they may move longitudinally on the rod 59, the two spaced pieces straddling one column of slides 50 and being connected below the slides by a cross piece 63. Operating between the slides 50 are a number of pawls 64. each pawl having oppositely extended spring arms 65 which bear upon the upper surfaces of the slides 50, such upper surfaces being toothed at 66 for engagement by the pawls. The pawls also have laterally extending fingers or projections 67 which operate in the slots of the two parts of the swinging member 58. Between the two parts of each swinging member 58 a guide 68 is mounted, said guide being pivotally mounted on its lower end on the rod 59 and having its upper end guided through the connection 61. A coil spring 69 surrounds this guide and at its upper end abuts the connection 61 and at its lower end abuts the shoulder. 70. This spring acts onthe swinging member 58 in a direction. to elevate said member in order to bring the cross piece 63 in engagement. with the under side of the in a groove 72 on a transversely extending bar 73 which lies below all ofthe columns of slides 50.

The movement of this swinging member may be effected in any suitable manner. In this instance there is provided an operating member 74 in the form of a bail pivoted at 75 to two swinging links 76 which are in turn pivoted at 77 to the top of the sliding frame 51, the bail having projecting portions 78 near its pivot 75 for cooperating with studs 79 on the links 76. The links 76 'lower slide 50 thus causing said column of are connected by a rod 80 on which are anchored a number of helical springs 81, these springs extending from said rod to the swinging member 58, being connected to the latter at 82 and forming resilient connections between the operating member and the swinging members 58.

-After the frame 51.has been shifted away from the frame 8" in order to cause the projections 53 on the slides Y 50, to enterbetween the difi'erent word pieces, the operating member 74 is depressed so that the bar 83 thereon will engage with projections 84 formed on the swinging member 58, thus causing the hooked rtions 71 on the swinging members 58 to b e disengaged from the cross piece 73. With this disengagement, the springs 69 will move the swinging members 58 on their fulcrums 59,

thus bringing the cross piece 63 against thelower slide 50 of each column and elevating the column as a whole so that each slide 50 is interlocked with its swinging member 58 through its pawl or detent 64. The operating bail 74 is now swung upwardly and through the springs 81 swings the members 58 u on the pivots 59, thus transmitting to the s idea 50 the movement of the swinging member. The movement of the swinging member is continued until the projection 53 which extends through the slit or opening at the end of the line, cooperates with the stop 57 formed on the strip or bar'40,

thus holding the swinging member against any further movement under the action of the operating bail 74, the spring 81 there? after yielding until all of the oplerating members '58 have been stopped by t e stops 57 at the ends of their respective typed lines. When this position is reached, all of the letters at the ends of the different lines are brought into alignment, due to the fact that the stops 57 are arranged in alignment. The justifying mechanism may then be elevated through the handle 85 to swing the frame 51 about the shaft 54 as an axis. The justifying mechanism may be re-set by bringing the cross piece 83 into engagement with the projections 84 on the swinging members 58 in order to move the hook end 71 of the swinging members below the cross piece or bar 73. After this has been accomplished the slides or bars may be brought byv hand to the position shown in Fig. 13, ready for another operation. After the different word pieces forming the t ped lines have been properly justified, t e frame by which the guides 48 are carried is removed and the typed. matter is then photographed in the usual manner.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 17 the typed matter is prepared as in the othercured to a supporting member constructed in the manner shown in Fig. 17. This supporting member comprises a U shaped member 86 in which. a number of blocks 87 are guided, these blocks being held to the member 86 by turning the edges of said member inwardly at 88 into grooves in opposite sides of the blocks 87. The sheet is adhesively secured to the upper faces of the. blocks and is then out between the lines in the manner described with reference to the other embodiment. Each block is substantially the width of a character so that each work piece will connect a number of blocks corresponding to the number of letters in the word. The word pieces with the blocks ma then be shifted longitudinally in the gui e member 86 so as to provide the desired spaces between the words. This shifting may be effected in any suitable manner, either by hand or by a 'ustifying mechanism.

rom the foregoing it will be seen that there has been provided a method by which typed matter may have the last letters of its lines brought into alignment, this method being particularly adv ntageous for-use ,for preparing thetypewr tten matterfor photo engraving. By this method printed matter made from photo-engraving presents a neater and more balanced appearance.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. A method of preparing typewritten matter for duplication which employs a plurality of expansible strips each having a typed line thereon, and which consists in holding the letters at the beginning'of the lines at points in alignment with each other, engaging the strips at points equi-distant from the ends of the typed lines, and shifting such points into alignment.

2. A method of preparing typewritten matter for duplication which employs a plurality of expansible strips each having a typed line thereon, and which consists in arranging said strips with the first letters in alignment, and simultaneously expanding said strips tobring the last letter of each line of typed matter into alignment without destroying the alignment of the first letters of the lines. y

3. A method of preparing typewritten matter for du lication which employs an elastic sheet with typed lines thereon, and which consists in cutting the sheet between the lines to provide elastic strips, and stretching those strips which do not have their last characters in proper positions to bring such characters to the desired positions.

4. A method of preparing typewritten matter for duplication which employs an elastic sheet with typed lines thereon, and which consists in cutting the sheet between the lines to provide elastic strips, simultaneously stretching those strips which do not have their last characters in proper positions to bring such characters tothe desired positions, and simultaneously securing the strips in their adjusted positions. I

5. A method of preparin typewritten matter for duplicatlon whic employs a plurality of expansible strips each having a typed'line thereon, and which consists in arranging the strips with the first letters in. alignment, expanding said strips to bring the last letter of each line of'typed matter into alignment without destroying the align mentof the first letters of the lines and securing said strips in their adjusted positions. I

6. A sheet for the purpose described having lines of typed matter thereon, having a series of openings arranged in alignment along the edge of the sheet at thebeginnings of the lines, and having an opening at the end of each line by means of which the lines may be individually expanded, said latter openings being the same distance from the ends of their respective lines.

7. An elastic sheet for the purpose described havin lines of typed matter thereon, the first etters of the lines being in alignment and the last letters being out of alignment, inelastic strips. secured to opposite edges of the elastic sheet, the strips at the be innings of the lines having openings equi-di stantly arranged from the first letters of the lines, and the strips at the ends of the lines having openings equi-distantly arranged from such ends.

8. An elastic sheet for the purpose described having lines of typed matter thereon, the first letters of the lines being in alignment and the last letters being out of alignment, inelastic strips secured to opposite edges of the elastic sheet, the strip at the beginnings of the lines having openings equi-distantly arranged from the first letters of the lines, and the strips at the ends of the lines having openings equi-distantly arranged from such ends and also having openings arranged in a line transversely of the typed lines and parallel with the openings at the beginnings of the lines.

9. The combination with a plurality of expansible strips each having a typed line thereon and an opening at the beginning and at the end of the typed line, the openings at the beginnings of the typed lines being equidistant from such beginnings and the openings at the ends of the typed lines being equidistant from such ends, a support for each strip, and a justifying mechanism for simultaneous action on the several strips.

10. An elastic strip having a typed line thereon and provided with inelastic portions at opposite ends of the typed line, said inelastic portions having openings.

11. The combination of a pair of supporting members, a projection on each member, an elastic strip connecting said projections and having a typed line thereon, and an inelastic piece secured to said strip at the end of the typed line and provided with an opening through which the strip may be stretched to cause the inelastic portion to engage with the adjacent projection.

12. The combination. of a plurality of elastic strips arranged in parallelism and each having a typed line thereon, the first letters of the different lines being in alignment, and the last letters being out of align ment, a support for each strip, such supports lying in the same plane, inelastic portions secured to each of the strips adjacent the first letters and having openings equi-distantly arranged from such first letters, inelastic pieces secured to the strips adjacent their last letters and having openings equidistantly arranged from the last letters, and justifying mechanism for simultaneous action on the several strips.

13. In combination with a frame, two series of projections supported on the frame, and elastic strips each having a line of typed matter thereon, each strip connecting a projection on one series with the corresponding projection of the other series.

14. In combination with a plurality of expansible strips each having a typed line thereon, the beginnings of the lines being in alignment and the ends of the lines being out of alignment, of mechanism for operating upon the strips to bring the ends of the lines in alignment without destroying the alignment of the beginnings of the lines.

15. ,The combination with a plurality of strips each having a typed line thereon, the first letters of the lines being in alignment, and mechanism for justifying such lines to bring their last letters in alignment without destroying the alignment of their first letters.

16. The combination of a form comprising a plurality of expansible strips each having a typed line thereon, of means for securing the strips to hold the first letters of each line in alignment, and means for expanding the strips to bring the last letters of the different lines into alignment.

17. The combination with a plurality of expansible strips each having a typed line thereon, means for securing said strips in parallel relation with the first letters of the lines in alignment, mechanism for expanding the strips to bring the last letters of the lines in alignment, and means for securing the strips in their stretched conditions while they are held by the expanding means.

18. The combination of supporting means having two parallel series of projections, a plurality of expansible strips secured to the projections of one series and each having a typed line thereon, the first letters of the lines being in. alignment and the last letters being out of alignment, means for expanding the strips to bring the last letters in alignment, and means for securin the strips to the other series of projections in their expanded positions.

19. In combination with a. frame, clips mounted on said frame in two series, each clip being provided with a projection, the projections on each series being aligned and parallel with the projections on the other series, a plurality of expansible strips, each removably secured to a projection of one series and having a typed line thereon, means for expanding the strips to bring the last letters of the typed lines in alignment, and means for securing the strips in the expanded positions upon the projections of the other series of clips.

20. In combination with a form used for preparing typewritten matter for duplication and comprising a plurality of extensible strips onwhich the lines of typed matter are arranged; of means for removably securing the strips at one end, and justifying mechanism for extending such strips to bring the last letters of different lines in alignment.

21. In combination with a plurality of sets of pieces of sheet material arranged on parallel expansible strips, each set having typed matter thereon, of means for removably securing one end of each strip, and justifying mechanism for shifting such nausea pieces by extending the strips to bring the ast letters of difl'erent lines in alignment.

22. The combination with a plurality of expansible strips, each having a ty d line thereon, and an opening at the en of its typed line, the openings being equidistantly arrangeii from such ends, supporting means for the s rips, and'justifyin mechanism for stretching the stri s throug engagement in said o enings to. ring the last characters of the iines to desired positions.

23. The combination with a plurality of sets of pieces of sheet material, each set having-its pieces in a line and having typed matter thereon, means for supporting said sets of pieces in parallel relation, and justifying mechanism for shifting such pieces to bring the last letters of diflerent lines in ali ent.

24. A sheet for the purpose described, hav: ing lines of typed matter thereon, having a series of openings arranged in alignment and having means at the end of each line spaced equidistantly from such ends by means of which the lines may be individually expanded when the sheet is out between the lines.

EDWARD S. SAVAGE.