US1478862A - Art of uniting glass and celluloid - Google Patents

Art of uniting glass and celluloid Download PDF

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US1478862A
US1478862A US356878A US35687820A US1478862A US 1478862 A US1478862 A US 1478862A US 356878 A US356878 A US 356878A US 35687820 A US35687820 A US 35687820A US 1478862 A US1478862 A US 1478862A
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celluloid
glass
glue
sheet
alcohol
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US356878A
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Rosenthal Harry
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B32B17/10899Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/08Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of cellulosic plastic substance or gelatin

Definitions

  • My invention relates to improvements in the art of uniting glass and celluloid or its equivalent for any desired purpose.
  • the invention is particularly adapted for use in the manufacture of safety or nonscatterable glass wherein much difficulty has been experienced in producing in an economical manner and without danger of break ing the glass a joint or union, between a sheet of celluloid and a sheet of glass, of sufficient strength and durability to prevent the separation of pieces or particles of glass from the celluloid should the glass be broken through accident or otherwise, and much difficulty has also been experienced in obtaining a product which is perfectly transparent or optically clear.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the said difficulties; and with this and related objects in view, the invention consists in the art or process of forming a joint or union between the glass and the celluloid, as will be hereinafter described and claimed.
  • Figure l is an edge View of a sheet of glass.
  • Figure 2 is an edge view of a sheet of glass provided with a. glue coating.
  • Figure 3 is an edge view of a sheet of celluloid.
  • Figure 4 is a view showing the sheet of celluloid applied to the glue coating.
  • - Figure 5 is an edge view of a two ply product wherein a sheet of glass and the sheet of celluloid are united.
  • Figure 6 is an edge view of a three ply product wherein two sheets of glass and an interposed sheet of celluloid are united.
  • glue solvent such as water
  • Such a liquid is methylic denatured alcohol, which is combined'with the glue solvent by forming a solution which is 90% alcohol and 10% water or gluesolvent I It is the function of the alcohol to'act as a vehicle for carrying the water which has a superficial softening action on the glue while the alcohol has a superficial softening action on the celluloid, thus rendering the.
  • the sheet of glass 2 is thoroughly cleaned, dried and polished, by any ordinary means, and, subsequently, care is taken to prevent dirt from getting on to the surfaces, especially finger-marks or anything of a greasy nature.
  • a glue which is preferably a solution of gelatine and formic acid, grams of elatine to one. quart of form c acid, specifi c gravity 1.06. This solution is carefully spread over the surface by being sprayed or poured thereon, preferably the latter.
  • the sheet of glass 2 with the dried glue coating 3 thereon is thendipped into a solucompletely denatured alcohol, such as U. S. Government formula No. 1,
  • the assemblage-of glass and celluloid is now laid upon a piece of linoleum about one-eighth of an inch thick and the same size as the assemblage, and a like piece of linoleum is put upon the top of the assemblage.
  • On top of the upper piece of linoleum is put a series of papers, news- The first paper next to the linoleum is much smallerthan the assemblage in area andis put upon the central portion thereof. The succeeding papers of the series increase in area by about onehalf inch increments until the entire assemblage is covered.
  • the pressure plates of the press are malntained at a temperature of about '140 degrees F. by water circulating within them, or other suitable means; and the pressure is maintained for a period of about twenty minutes, whereupon the pressure is released, the entire assemblage is removed from the press and the united glass and celluloid removed from between the linoleum pads.
  • the pressure temperature may be varied from .that' set forth only within certain limits, because a much lower temperature fails to remove the alcohol sufficiently, and a much higher temperature causes the celluloid to lose its resiliency.
  • alcohol acts primarily as a carrier for the water which has a softening action upon the gelatine and it acts secondarily as a softening agent for celluloid.
  • alcohol acts primarily as a carrier for the water which has a softening action upon the gelatine and it acts secondarily as a softening agent for celluloid.
  • Pressure is necessary to bring about the interlocking of the molecules not only, but also to remove from between the glass and celluloid the air bubbles and the excessaleohol.
  • the process hereinfore described for uniting a single sheet of glass and a single sheet celluloid is adaptable for uniting two sheets of glass to asheet of celluloid interposed between them, resulting in a three ply product, as shown in Fig. 6; and it is also adaptable for uniting any desired number of sheets of glass having a sheet of celluloid interposed between each two adjacent sheets Y is normally less.
  • soluble than the glue or gel- 1 atine such, for example, as parafiine; and I accomplish this by dipping each ed e of the two or more ply composite product or about three seconds in parafline maintained ata temperature of about 200 degrees. F. At this temperature and during this period of time,
  • I claim 1 The art of uniting glass and celluloid which consists in coating a surface of-a piece of glass with glue, permitting the glue coating to dry, softening the exposed surface of the coating with a glue solvent, softening a surface of a piece of celluloid by coating it with a liquid which is not a solvent for the glue or the celluloid but which will effect a softening of the latter, and pressing the softened surfaces of the glass and celluloid together by a pressure which is applied first at the central portion of the parts and thereafter extended to the edge portions thereof.

Description

Dec. 25, 192?. 1,478,862
' H, ROSENTHA L ART OF UNITING GLASS AND CELLULOID Filed Feb. '7, 1920 E19 EW- @29 HW E y- [five/ital": flarfyifaaenikaz Patented Dec. 25, 1923.
UNITED STATES HARRY ROSENTHAL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.
ART OF UNITING GLASS AND CELLULOID.
Application filed February 7, 1920. Serial No. 356,878.
' To all whom it may concern.
Be it known that I, HARRY RosEN'rHAL, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the'county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Uniting Glass and Celluloid, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to improvements in the art of uniting glass and celluloid or its equivalent for any desired purpose.
The invention is particularly adapted for use in the manufacture of safety or nonscatterable glass wherein much difficulty has been experienced in producing in an economical manner and without danger of break ing the glass a joint or union, between a sheet of celluloid and a sheet of glass, of sufficient strength and durability to prevent the separation of pieces or particles of glass from the celluloid should the glass be broken through accident or otherwise, and much difficulty has also been experienced in obtaining a product which is perfectly transparent or optically clear.
The object of the invention is to overcome the said difficulties; and with this and related objects in view, the invention consists in the art or process of forming a joint or union between the glass and the celluloid, as will be hereinafter described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, illustrating the manner in which the invention is carried into effect,
Figure l is an edge View of a sheet of glass.
Figure 2 is an edge view of a sheet of glass provided with a. glue coating.
Figure 3 is an edge view of a sheet of celluloid.
Figure 4 is a view showing the sheet of celluloid applied to the glue coating.
-Figure 5 is an edge view of a two ply product wherein a sheet of glass and the sheet of celluloid are united.
Figure 6 is an edge view of a three ply product wherein two sheets of glass and an interposed sheet of celluloid are united.
In performing my improved art or process, I take a sheet of chemically clean glass, as shown at 2 in edge view in Fig. 1, and coat'it with a suitable glue, as shown at 3, in Fig. 2, in any suitable manner, and allow the glue coating 3 to dry.
-After the glue coating 3 has dried, I soften the exposed surface thereof with a microscopical film of glue solvent, such as water,
which is not a solvent of celluloid, and which I spread upon said surface so thin that it will not penetrate the glue coating to the glass, thereby preserving the weld or union between the glue coating and the glass. I then soften one surface of a sheet of celluloid, as shown at 4, in Fig. 3,. by any suitable means and place the softened surface of thecelluloid against the softened surface of the glue 3, press the glass 2 and celluloid 4 together by any suitable means, and permit the glue coating to dry.
To ensure a perfect union between the softened surface of the glue coating and the celluloid, I soften the surface of the celluloid by the employment with the glue sol- Vent of a liquid which is not a solvent for either the glue of the celluloid, but which is potentially capable under the conditions of my improved art or process of bringing about an intimate commingling and interlocking of the molecules of the glue and the celluloid at the surface of contact, resulting in a perfectly welded union and producing the desired result. Such a liquid is methylic denatured alcohol, which is combined'with the glue solvent by forming a solution which is 90% alcohol and 10% water or gluesolvent I It is the function of the alcohol to'act as a vehicle for carrying the water which has a superficial softening action on the glue while the alcohol has a superficial softening action on the celluloid, thus rendering the.
two substances capable of being welded together at their points of contact by the aid of pressure preferably combined with heat.
I shall now describe 'in detail a satisfactory method which I have found to produce good results in carrying my invention into effect.
The sheet of glass 2 is thoroughly cleaned, dried and polished, by any ordinary means, and, subsequently, care is taken to prevent dirt from getting on to the surfaces, especially finger-marks or anything of a greasy nature. One surface of the sheet glass 15 then coated with a glue which" is preferably a solution of gelatine and formic acid, grams of elatine to one. quart of form c acid, specifi c gravity 1.06. This solution is carefully spread over the surface by being sprayed or poured thereon, preferably the latter.
After spreading the solution over the whole surface of the sheet of glass it is tion of 90% and 10% water by volume. The said formula upon. it is face tension, is tipped off wi absorbent paper, and the sheet of glass is brought back P to a horizontal position. It is then put into a suitable drier, and dried in stillair for about three hours at 210 degrees to 220 de grees F. or for about fifteen hours at 150 degrees to 160 degrees F. This renders the glue or gelatine bone dry, a condition necessary for making a perfect product. The sheet of glass is then removed from the drier and allowed to cool down to room temperature. This cooling may be hastened by placing the glass on a which quickly conducts the heat therefrom.
The sheet of glass 2 with the dried glue coating 3 thereon is thendipped into a solucompletely denatured alcohol, such as U. S. Government formula No. 1,
is: To every 100 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol of not less than 180 degrees proof there shall be added 10 parts by volume of approved wood alcohol and one-half of one part by volume of approved benzine. The glass is allowed to remain in the solution for a period of about three seconds, whereremoved and drained from one corner until the solution fails to run in a steady stream, but just begins to drop. The sheet of glass is then put upon a clean flat surface, gelatine side up. The sheet of 'celluloid 4 cut the same size and shape as the glass 2 is dipped in the same solution and drained in the same manner and placed upon the coated glass plate already dip ed, care being taken to insure that its e 'ges are in exact registry with the edges ofthe glass. The alcohol and water solution is maintained at a temperature of degrees to degrees C. by suitable means such as hot water surrounding the tank containing -it. This is done to lessen the evaporation paper quality.
upon the series of papers a piece from the wet "surfaces because a rapid evaporation of alcohol leaves behind an excess of water. a
The assemblage-of glass and celluloid is now laid upon a piece of linoleum about one-eighth of an inch thick and the same size as the assemblage, and a like piece of linoleum is put upon the top of the assemblage. On top of the upper piece of linoleum is put a series of papers, news- The first paper next to the linoleum is much smallerthan the assemblage in area andis put upon the central portion thereof. The succeeding papers of the series increase in area by about onehalf inch increments until the entire assemblage is covered. Finally, there is put of fine cork heavy iron plate or relatively softer linoleum the same size as the glass and celluloid, and the assemblage thus completed is placed in a suitable hydraulic press and a pressureof pounds to 250 pounds per square inch is applied to the assemblage therein, the ressure being governed by the size, quality andv thickness of the glass. The series of papers as above described are included in the assemblage placed in the press to insure that the first pressure will be applied to the central portion thereof and that the pressure will then be gradually extended to the edge portions thereof to force out the alcohol solution and air bubbles as the pressure increases.
During the application of the pressure,-
the pressure plates of the press are malntained at a temperature of about '140 degrees F. by water circulating within them, or other suitable means; and the pressure is maintained for a period of about twenty minutes, whereupon the pressure is released, the entire assemblage is removed from the press and the united glass and celluloid removed from between the linoleum pads. The pressure temperature may be varied from .that' set forth only within certain limits, because a much lower temperature fails to remove the alcohol sufficiently, and a much higher temperature causes the celluloid to lose its resiliency.
composite Denatured alcohol, as herein set forth, is
not a solvent of gelatine or celluloid. alcohol acts primarily as a carrier for the water which has a softening action upon the gelatine and it acts secondarily as a softening agent for celluloid. Under the temperature and pressure conditions of my improved art or processthere is a natural selection by the gelatine of the water of the solution, and by the celluloid of the alcohol of the solution to the end that there is a superficial softening of the two substances which permits an intermingling and interlocking of the molecules resulting in the desired adhesion between the parts.
Poor adhesion is because the gelatineand celluloid are not softened sufliciently to admit of a thorough interlocking of their molecules.
Pressure is necessary to bring about the interlocking of the molecules not only, but also to remove from between the glass and celluloid the air bubbles and the excessaleohol.
The relative proportions of alcohol and water in the solution thereof may bevaried The likely to result if the pressure is applied at room temperature,
within limits to suit the requirements of different grades of celluloid.
The process hereinfore described for uniting a single sheet of glass and a single sheet celluloid is adaptable for uniting two sheets of glass to asheet of celluloid interposed between them, resulting in a three ply product, as shown in Fig. 6; and it is also adaptable for uniting any desired number of sheets of glass having a sheet of celluloid interposed between each two adjacent sheets Y is normally less. soluble than the glue or gel- 1 atine, such, for example, as parafiine; and I accomplish this by dipping each ed e of the two or more ply composite product or about three seconds in parafline maintained ata temperature of about 200 degrees. F. At this temperature and during this period of time,
enough heat is transmitted to expel from the edge traces of alcohol which mi ht not have been'eliminated by the heat and pressure in the hydraulic press. This treatment forms an edge seal which offers perfect resistance to water and any other liquid which this type of product would be subjected to in ordinary practice. v
With the completion of the edge sealing, we have the finished product, reinforced glass ready to be cleaned and put in stock. While I have described in detail herein the preferred method of carrying my invention into effect, I desire it to be understood that the same may be greatly modified without departing from the actual scope of my invention.
I claim 1. The art of uniting glass and celluloid which consists in coating a surface of-a piece of glass with glue, permitting the glue coating to dry, softening the exposed surface of the coating with a glue solvent, softening a surface of a piece of celluloid by coating it with a liquid which is not a solvent for the glue or the celluloid but which will effect a softening of the latter, and pressing the softened surfaces of the glass and celluloid together by a pressure which is applied first at the central portion of the parts and thereafter extended to the edge portions thereof.
2. The art of uniting glass and celluloid which consists in coating a surface of a piece cf glass with glue, permitting the Inc coating to dry, softening the expose? surface of a coating with'a glue solvent, softening a surface of a piece of celluloid with alcohol, and pressing the softened surfaces of the glass and celluloid together by a pressure which is applied first at the central portion of the parts and thereafter extended to the edge portions thereof.
3. The art of uniting glass and celluloid which consists in applying glue to opposing faces of a piece of glass and a piece of celluloid, pressing the said faces and interposed glue together, and sealing the edges of the aiiggmbled parts by dipping them in hot para e.
4. The art (if uniting glass and celluloid which consists in coatinga surface ofa piece of glass with glue, permitting the ing to dry, softening the exposed surface of the coating with a glue solvent, softening a surface of a piece of-celluloidby coating it with a liquid which is not" a solvent for the glue or the celluloid but which will effecta softening of the latter, pressing the softened surfaces of the glass and celluloid together, and sealing the edges of the assembled parts by dipping them in hot pal-affine. 1
5. The art of uniting glass and celluloid which consists i'ncoating a surface of apiece of glass with glue, permitting the glue coating to dry, softening the exposed surface of the coating with aglue solvent, softening a surface of a piece of celluloid with alcohol, pressing the softened surfaces of the glass lue coatand celluloid together, and sealing the edges hereto.
' HARRY ROSENTHAL.
US356878A 1920-02-07 1920-02-07 Art of uniting glass and celluloid Expired - Lifetime US1478862A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2577214A (en) * 1946-01-11 1951-12-04 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Glass mat for reinforcing plastics
US2591665A (en) * 1947-06-24 1952-04-08 Sperry Corp Process of laminating photographic color film to glass
US3026232A (en) * 1959-01-30 1962-03-20 Monsanto Chemicals Method for providing films of thermoplastic material on the exterior faces of cathode ray tubes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2577214A (en) * 1946-01-11 1951-12-04 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Glass mat for reinforcing plastics
US2591665A (en) * 1947-06-24 1952-04-08 Sperry Corp Process of laminating photographic color film to glass
US3026232A (en) * 1959-01-30 1962-03-20 Monsanto Chemicals Method for providing films of thermoplastic material on the exterior faces of cathode ray tubes

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