US1475354A - Dental instrument - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 27 1923: 1,475,354

w. M. STANBROUGH v DENTAL INSTRUMENT Filed March 9, 1922 Patented Nov. 27, 123.

WHlLI-AM M. STANBROUGH, 0F NEWBURGH, NEW YORK.

DENTAL INSTRUT.

Application filed March 9, 1922. Serial E0. 542,464.-

To all whom it may concem:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM MoNnLL STANBROUGH, a citizen-of the United States, and a resident of Newburgh, county of Orange, and State of New York, have invented certain new and" useful Improvements in Dental Instruments; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the inven tion, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention consists of the novel features hereinafter described, references being bad to the accompanying drawings which illustrate one of the embodiments of the invention selected by me for the purpose of illustration, and my said invention is fully disclosed in the following description and claims.

The object of my invention is to provide a gauge or guide that will serve to automatically guide the cusps of artificial teeth which are to be placed in position upon a wax bite by the operator, to the end that a more symmetrical arrangement be secured and in a shorter period of time. It is understood that the usefulness of the above mentioned gauge or guide has to do more particularly with the construction of full dentures, upper and lower sets of artificial teeth, and that it is particularly adapted to assist in arranging artificial upper teeth destined to be upper dentures.

A further object of my invention is to provide a tooth guide to be used in conunction with the dental articular disclosed in my Patent No. 1343691, patented June 15th, 1920, which will facilitate the exact and accurate positioning of the teeth in any particular artificial upper denture. ihis positioning will be generally alon a curve insuring continuous contact of t e upper and lower teeth in articulation inthe mouth during any mastication excursion of the mandible. My present invention is not limited to this particular form of gauge or guide and may be, either with or without variations of form, readily accommodated to any type of articulator on the market.

A further object of my invention is to provide a stand for holding in any required position an upper plate which it is desired to attach to the upper member of the articulat/or preparatory to .the construction or per teeth.

grinding in of a lower set of teeth, and the mam use of my invention is to position teeth on the Wax trial plates, and for this purpose I find it very useful.

A further object of my invention is to providea means for harmonizing the curve of Spec with the condyle path in any individual case.

My invention will better be understood by a reference to the following specification which is directed to the several figures of the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof.

Figure 1 is the side'elevation of a tooth guide embodying my invention which I have used for the purpose of illustrating the invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the same.

Figure 3 is a view of the front end, simpie plate, no uprights.

Like letters refer to like parts in the several figures.

In Figure 1 (a) shows the eondyle slots placed in the upright and arranged at an angle of approximately 35 degrees to the horizontal and adapted to receive the removal section of my dental articulator, diagrammatically represented with upper plate in osition s 6) represents a bearing plate or distance table which engages the projecting screw of the upper jaw member of my articulator when same is used in conjunction wit-h this artificial tooth positioning guide. I

(0) shows the plate, this preferably contains various arcs of circles (as) with radii Varying from to 85 mm. and a median line and with concave surface; being mounted upon the stand (d) so that it is free to be manually rotated thereon.

The stand (d) is thread connected eccentrically to the base (6) which base is normally free to slide antero-posteriorly along the bed plate (7) in the guides (t). The base is preferably eccentric or off center and has a cam action which serves to move the center of the guide laterally right or left; thus givin means of adjustment laterally.

The pro]ection (9) attached to the base (e) is used to facilitate the turning of the said cam acting base (6) to adjust the center of guide surface to coincide wlth the median line ofthe Wax base plate, or up- (It) is the upright stand porthan which is not shown in gure 3 as that are found to be arcs of the same radical late circle. This curvature in the human mouth is known as the lateral compensating curve, and has been found to be an exceedingly valuable attribute for proper mastication when applied to artificial dentures.

It has further been found that the radius of the curve varies in the same month wit-hin certain limits, according to the location at which it may be measured.

A second curvature extending antero-pos' teriorly, frequentl referred to as the curve of Spec hasbeen ound to be present on the occlusial surfaces of the. teeth in an ideal human mouth. This curvature too, has been found to vary in radius depending upon the location at which measured.

The two curvatures above described, when combined with each other, and with other radial curvatures present, comprise in effect a concave segment of a sphere which in fact,

.constitutes the basis of my invention.

In making a new lower artificial denture to use with the old upper one, it will be seen that by understanding the requirements of the case it is possible to so position the old upper set of artificial teeth that it will be situated approximately correct, or if desired a face bow can be used to transfer the upper plate from the mouth of the patient to the tooth uide thus assuring accurate lacing of the plate upon the upper bow o the articulator,-it being situated to the desires of the operator the old plate can be readily attached to the upper bow of the articulator,

with plaster of Paris. A 'base plate of fitted to the -maxilla.

moldable materials is ing from condyle-to'condyle. The length of the bite rim isv arbitrarily assigned at the posterior condyle areas. On the anterior portion, front artificial teeth are set in the wax in a pleasing harmonious esthetic arrangement. i l

The base plate with artificial teeth and bite rim are transferred to a cast previously attached to a movable upper frame member which is now attached to my present invention at the condyle slots. Now, since anterior teeth are arranged so that their tips describe an arc of some circle,.

the radius of this circle is sought by bring On this base is disposed a wax bite rim extend ing the condylar ends of the wax bite rim and the tips of the already arranged anterior teeth into contact with the spheroidal segmental portion of my inventionalready described, and moved about until one of the radial arcs scribed on the face of the sphe roidal segment rather closely approximates the radial circumference described in the tips of the anterior teeth.'

ll now proceed to position the necessary number of properly fashioned teeth according to the lateral and antero-posterior curves described by the portion of the spheroidal segment directly under the wax'bite rim in an alignment described and required by proper esthetic restoration of facial contour and consistent with certain physical laws and facts necessary to and for efficient mastication.

Thiswill describe the main use and to fully appreciate its value, it is necessary to recall that the gauge or guide is of such general shape as to approximate the curves of the upper teeth, namely, the lateral curve and the antero-posterior curve (curve of Spee), which provide support to the mandible upon lateral and protrusive motion. My invention contemplates a means of adjustment, vertically, antero-posteriorly and laterally, also by tilting or tipping thus giving a range of motion sufficient to serve the purpose intended. Having a normal overbite we place the teeth. the two central incisors, about half way between the rim of the saucer shaped disk, and in the central or deep part of the gauge or guide. As the teeth go back the laterals, cuspids and bi cuspids and molars 1st and 2nd follow the contour of the gauge or guide; The changed conditions are evident if the gauge or guide is shifted forward so that the central incisors would be approximately at the center of the gauge or guide. In the human being the inner orpalatine cusps of upper molars extend to a lower plane than do the outer or bucal cusps. The gauge or guide then serves to position artificial teeth attached to a trial plate b the usual wax medium. If it be desirab e to shorten the upper teeth upon the left side, it can be done by moving the loo base (6) to the right, then soften the wax and force the teeth to a higher plane on the left side. By having the vernier scale of approved construction, (circles, straight lines, etc.) it becomes possible to arrange the artificial teeth in an accurate and expeditious manner. or

In the use and operation of my invention I do not mention all of the various methods of application.

What ll claim and desire to secure by United States Letters Patent, is:

' 1. In a tooth-guide for the positioning of artificial teeth, a plate mounted on a stand and having a concave surface against which threaded to said base; a template having a concave surface attached to theupper part of said stand portion and adapted to be turned thereon, all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

In an artificial tooth-guide the combi nation of a bed plate containing antero-posterior guides, with vertically disposed members aflixed to one end thereof, said members provided with slots at an angle to the horizontal resembling the floor of the glenoid fossa in the human head; a circular base adapted to slide in said bed plate guides; a stand portion eccentrically screw threaded to said base; a' template having a calibrated concave surface attached to the upper part of said stand portion and adapted to be turned thereon, all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

4. In an artificial tooth-guide the combination of a bed containing antero-posterior guides, with vertically disposed members aflixed to one end thereof, said members provided with slots at an angle to the horizontal resembling'the floor or the glenoi'd fossa in the human head; a circular base adapted to slide in said bed plate guides; a stand portion eccentrically screw threaded to said a base; an integral projection horizontally dis posed from said base used as a means of adjustment; a template having a concave surface attached to the upper part ofsaid'stand' name to this portion and adapted to be turned there 0n,

hereinbefore setforth. p

5. In an artificial tooth-guidethe combination of a bed plate containing antero-posterior guides, withvertically disposed menbers aflixed to one end thereof, said members all substantially as and for thepurposes provided with slots at an angle to the horizontal resembling the floor of the glenoid fossa in the human head; a distance table centrally disposed with said members and between said slots adapted to engage the projecting screw of the upper jaw member of dental articulat'ors; a circular base adapted to slide in said bed plate guides; a stand portion eccentrically screw threaded to said base; a template having a concave surface attached to the upper part of said stand portion and adapted to be turned thereon, all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

6. In an artificial tooth-guide the combination of a bed plate containing antero-posterior guides with vertically disposed members affixed to one end thereof, said members provided with slots at an "angle to the horizontal resembling the floor of the glenoid' fossa in the human head; a circular base adapted to slide in said bed plate guides; a, stand portion eccentrioally screw threaded to said base; an integral projection horizontally disposed from said base; a distance table centrally disposed with said members and between said slots adapted to engage the projecting screw of the'upper jaw member of dental articulators; a template having a concave surface attached to the upper part of said stand portion and adapted tobe turned'thereon, all substantially as and fo the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony'whereof, I have signed my specification this 4 day of )Iarch; 1922. r

. WM. M. STANBROUGH.

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