US1475056A - Hot-water boiler - Google Patents

Description

Nov, 20 ,1923.

L. DOERR HOT WATER BOILER Fi led Sept. '7, 121

'WTNE-SSESI I 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORN EY INVENTOR4 Nov. 20, 1923. 1,475,056

L. DOERR HOT WATER BOILER Filed Sefat. 7, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 NVENTOR WITNESSES ATTORNEY Nov. 20 1923. 1,475,056

L. DOERR HOT WATER BOILER Filed Sept. 7. 1921 4 SheQts-Sh et 5 INVENTOR ATTORNEY rzcaDaerr WITNESSES W Patented Nov. 20, 1923.

waste PATENT ()FFlfiE.

LAWRENCE DOERR, OF SILVERTON, OREGON.

HOT-WATER BOILER.

Application filed September 7, 1921. Serial No. 499,029.

To (24% whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LAWRENCE Donna, a citizen of the United States, residin at Silverton, in the county of Marion and tate of Oregon, have invented a new and useful Hot-Water Boiler, of which the following is a specification. o

This invention relates to heating apparatus, and is more particularly directed to a hot water boiler forming a part of a heating system.

An object of this invention is to provide a simple construction which will give greater efficiency than has been heretofore obtained, and the same is accomplished by surrounding the fire with water tubes which may form single or collective units, and which are connected-at one of their ends with a base manifold and at their other end with a discharge manifold whereby a quick passage is afforded between the regions of lowest temperatures and those of the highest temperatures.

Furthermore, by an improved construction the burning gases of combustion are forced to pass twice over certain of the water tubes in order that as much heat as possible may be absorbed by the water in the tubes and thereby increasing the heat absorption of the apparatus.

By the use of bent tubes instead of sections of tubing connected together by standard fittings, all restrictions in the water tubes are eliminated, thereby providing for an unrestricted upward flow of'thewater between the lower and higher temperatures.

The invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed description'taken in connection with the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification, with the understanding, however, that the invention is not confined to any strict conformity with the showing in the drawing, but may be changed and modified so long as such changes and modifications mark no material departure from the salient features of the invent-ion as expressed in the appended claims.

In the drawings I Fig. 1 is a side elevation showing the construction of thetubes with a portion of the fire wall broken away.

Fig. 2 is a front view with the front section of the casing removed to disclose the arrangement of the water tubes.

Fig. 3 is a transverse section along the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section along the line 4--4 of Fig. 1, just above the grate.

Fig. 5 is a rear view of the tubular heating system with the fire walls removed, showing the arrangement of the water tubes.

Fig. 6 is a perspective of my improved form of sectional baffle.

Primarily, the heater consists of a U shaped base manifold, a riser or rear column and an upper centrally-disposed single discharge manifold, connected directly to the U-shaped manifold by the rear column and water tubes of smaller caliber. A wall or casing surrounds the series of tubes and is provided with fuel, draft and cleaning doors, the doors being so arranged as to give access to every part of the interior of the furnace.

Referring to the drawing, 1 designates the side walls, and 2 the rear wall of the heater which are preferably made of fire brick. The front wall 3 is provided with an upper door 4, which is adapted to provide an opening through which the upper portion of the heater may be cleaned. A stoking door 5 is hingedly mounted below the door 4. Located upon the lower end of the front wall 3 is an ash pit and draft door 6. The rear wall 2 is provided with openings 7 in which are secured frames. 8 and 9 in which are hingedly mounted doors 10 and 11, respectively, the doors providing access to the rear of the furnace.

A cover 12 closes the top of the furnace, and is formed of the usual materials suitable for the purpose, the same being covered by a layer of sand 13 or other insulating material.

Resting upon the base 14: of the furnace is a U-shaped manifold formed of the two arms 15 and 16 with a connecting pipe 17 at the rear of the furnace. A'riser or rear column 18 is connected at its lower end by a T joint 19 to the central portion of the connecting pipe 17 of the U-shaped mania fold, and at its other end-to a single discharge manifold 20 running centrally'and longitudinally of the furnace beneath the roof 12 of the casing. The arm 15 of the U-shaped manifold is connected by means of the pipes 21 and 22 to a water supply which is controlled by the valve 23 for admitting water to the tubular system. The U-shaped manifold is connected to the discharge manifold 20 by means of a series of sinuous or zig zag tubes extending transversely in vertical planes across the fire chamber of the furnace.

Connected to the arm 15 of the U-shaped manifold are risers 24 and 25 which extend upwardly alongside of the side wall 1 for a portion of its height, and then horizontally at 27 across the furnace as shown in Fig. 2. These risers are bent at 28 to form a plurality of return bends 27 horizontally located in the upper part of the furnace and connected at 29 upon the same side of the manifold 20 upon which the arm 15 of the U-shaped manifold is located.

A plurality of risers 30 and 31 extend upwardly from the arm 16 of the Ushaped manifold upon the side of the furnace opposite to the location of the arm 15, and are likewise provided with a plurality of return bends 32 which extend horizontally between the side walls 1 of the furnace in a manner similar to the return bends 27 of the risers 24 and25, but in staggered relation to the return bends 27. The ends of the risers 30 and 31 are connected upon the same side of the manifold 20 upon which the arin 16 of the U-shaped manifold is located.

The risers 24 and 30 have inwardly-extending pipes or spur tubes 33 and 34, respectively, which fall shortof the center of the furnace and are adapted to support a plurality of parallel water. tubes 35 connected by U couplings 36. The rear ends of a pair of parallel water tubes 37 are connected upon opposite sides of the pipe 18 to the rear connections 17 of the arms 15 and 16 of the U-shaped manifold, and their forward ends are connected by means of U couplings 38 to the ends of the centrally located pipes 35. The outer ends of certain of the pipes 35 are connected by elbows 39 to longitudinally extending pipes 40 which extend rearwardly and then upwardly as shown at 41 in Fig. 1, and have suitable connections-at 42 with the riser 18. The pipes 35, 37 and 40 are held in spaced relation at their forwardend's in any ap-' proved manner as by the flanges 43 on the U couplin s (Fig. 4), these pipes forming the grate of t 1e furnace.

. The rearmost vertical water tubes 25' and 31 are bent into sinuous or zig zag form as seen at 2'7 and 32, respectively, at a lower level than thewater tubes '25 and 31 in orger to provide the rear portion of the fire- The horizontal pipes 35, 37 and 40 and the U-fittings 36,538 and 39 form zig zag coils which constitute a Water grate and are spaced to admit a large and sufficient volume of air to the fuel in the combustion chamber in order to maintain proper combustion in the chamber.

Resting upon the inwardly extending pipes pipes 33 and 34, and near the side walls 1 of the furnace, are a series of zig zag or sinuous water tubes forming collective units to provide the sides of the fire-box. The tubes 44 are bent at their inner ends, while at their outer ends they are connected by the U-fittings 45. The lowermost pipe 44 of each sideunit is connected by a U'fitting to a pipe 46 which runs longitudinally of the furnace and downwardly as shown at 47 and is connected to the member 17 of the U-shaped manifold. The extreme upper pipe 44 of each side unit is connected by a Ufitting to pipe 48 which runs rearwardly of the furnace and upwardly, as shown at 49, and is connected at 50 to the riser 18. It will be seen .from Figs. 2 and 5, that the parallel pipes 44 and the pipes 46 and 48 are located'on both sides of the furnace and form side water walls for the combustion chamber.

Leading upwardly from the manifold 20 at its forward end is a pipe connection 51 to carry the hot water to the radiators distributed throughout the building on the upper floors. The pipe 51 is connected by an elbow to a pipe 52 which, at suitable points, is connected by risers 53 carrying the hot water to the radiators 54. A return pipe 55, shown in Figs. land 2, connected to a radiator 54, connects with the large return pipe 56 and to the fall pipe 57 which carries the water of cooler temperature back to the pipe 21 and into the U-shaped manifold located at the bottom of the furnace. A stand-pipe 58 is connected to the return pipe 56, at 58, and is carried upwardly and connected with the usual expansion tank (not shown).

A thermometer 59 and an altitude gage 60 have connections with'the manifold 20, the purposes of which are perfectly obvious to those skilled in the art;

"Secured to' the front wall 3 of the furnace is a baffle 61 shown more in detail in Fig. 6. The battle is of a knockdown-character, and by reason of such a character the same may be readily assembled or dismantled in the furnace without disturbing any of the pipes or the related constructions.

- This baffle is formed of central sections bolted together and designated by the numerals 62, 63 and 64, and the side or border members 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, in such a manner thatthe plate may be readilya'ssembled and placed imposition as shown in Figure 1. The end members 65' and 68 abut the central sections 62, while the end members 66 and 69' abut the ends of the central section 63, and these end members and central sections are joined together by means of the brace bar 71 which is bolted to these end or border members and central members. The end members 67 and 70 abut the ends of the central section 64 and are connected to the central member 63 and the end members 66 and 69 by means of a brace bar 72 which is bolted to the flanged portions 73 and 74 of the central members 63 and 64, respectively, and the inturned flange portions of the respective end members.

It will be seen that a number of slots 75 are provided in the inner side edges of the border members just described, the inner open end of each slot being closed by the ends of the central members 62. 63 and 64, so that as these slots 75 are fitted around certain of the vertical pipes, the central members 62, 63 and 64: may be applied to the end members and secured thereto by means of the brace bars whereby the bafiie may be placed sectionally within the furnace or sectionally removed without causing its destruction. The baffle 61 is thus held against lateral displacement by reason of some of the vertical tubes passing through the perforations 75. The depending flange 64: on the outer end of the batfle is bolted to the front wall 3 of the furnace. A flue 76 located at a proper height near the front of the furnace, and in either side wall and just above the battle, is adapted to carry off the hot gases of combustion.

The several conduits or hot water pipes and radiators are filled by opening the valve 23 to admit water to the pipe 21, the U-shaped manifold and the various pipes connected therewith, until the altitude gage 60 shows that the water has reached its proper height in the system. A fire is then built in the fire-box and the burning gases are carried upwardly and circulate through the horizontal parallel pipes 27 and 32, beneath the bafiie 61, then rearwardly of the furnace, around the rear edge of the stepped bafiie and over-the top of the same, then forwardly and downwardly to the lowest part of the bafiie and escape into the fine 76 as indicated by the arrows shown in Fig. 1. By this means, the burning gases are caused to travel twice over the horizontal pipes.

The water throughout the several conduits and radiators being of the same temperature before the fire is started, will be heated in the manifolds and collective units located in the furnace by the fire-box and the circulation of the hot gases which, by reason of the baflie 61, are caused to pass twice over the water tubes, causing a more rapid and ei'iicient heating of the water in said tubes. By reason of the proximity of the water tubes 44, 46 and as, which, as

a collective unit, form the sides of the firebox, and the water tubes and which form the water grate, the water in these collective units is heated very readily, and since these units are connected with the U-shaped manifold located at the bottom of the furnace and by the vertical pipes 49 and 4L1, respectively, to the riser 18, at 50 and 42, respectively, near the upper end of the riser, there will be a short and direct connection between the U-shaped manifold and the discharge manifold 20 for the unrestricted flow of the, heated water. The pipes 24-, 25 and 25, and the pipes 30, 31 and 31, form other collective units which are respectively connected with the arms 15 and 16 of the U-shaped manifold, and also form a direct connection between the U-shaped manifold and the discharge manifold 20.

The water in these tubes having been heated by the furnace and therefore lighter than cold water which is located in the radiators 54 and the return pipes 56 and 57, will rise by reason of the differences of the specific gravities of the r'dilferent volumes of water because of their differences in temperature, and the cold water being heavier will flow downwardly through the return pipes and into the U-shaped manifold and force the hot water upwardly through the system. This circulation will be onstant and in a short time the water circulated through the radiators will be sufliciently hot for heating purposes. Since the system is a closed-circuit, the cold or return water soon becomes warm after passing around several times through the system.

It will be noted that in this hot water heating system that a plurality of direct connections are had between the receiving U-shaped manifold and the discharge manifold 24, and these connections are not only located within the, hottest regions of the furnace but the burning gases from the combustion chamber are returned upon certain water tubes, whereby the water will be quickly heated, and the velocity of circulation will be speeded up.

Since the velocity of circulation depends upon two things, namely z-the difference in the specific gravity between the outgoing and incoming water and the height from the bottom of the furnace to the top of the radiators whereby a quick heating and an unobstructed flow of water in the system produces hot radiators, it will be readil seen that these conditions are fulfilled by; the system illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, since all the water tubes whether they form single or collective units, are connected directly with the base manifold and the discharge manifold and surround the fire, whereby a quick interchange of water is effected between the regions of higher and lower tem-, peratures. This, therefore, insures a rapld circulation of the water through the sys necting the legs of the U-shaped manifold to said discharge manifold, said tubes being vertical for a portion of their length above said legs and then bent into zig zag form across the space between said legs, a fire chamber being formed below some of said zig zag tubes, water tubes forming water walls at the sides and rear end of the chamber, and zig zag tubes forming a grate, saidtubes forming the side water walls, and the grate being connected to said lower manifold and said riser.

2. In a water heater for heating systems, a U-shaped base manifold, a single upper manifold parallel to the legs of the ll-shaped manifold, water tubes connecting the legs of the base manifold with the upper manifold, said water tubes being vertical for a portion of their length above the legs and being bent in zig zag form intermediate their length in vertical transverse planes across and above said legs, a water grate comprising zig zag tubes having their legs parallel to the legs of the base manifold, a

casing surrounding the heater, and a bafiie for directing the products of combustion in low the bent portions of the tubes, longitu 'dinal water tubes ad acent said .wertidal portions on both legs of the manifold, said longitudinal tubes being connected in zig zag relation forming side water walls above said grate and being connected to said base manifold and to said riser pipej 4. In a hot water heating system,the combination of a U-shaped base manifold, an upper centrally disposed single discharge manifold, a rear column connected to said manifolds, water tubes of smaller diameter directly connecting the two manifolds, certain of said water tubes of smaller diameter forming collective units and comprising spaced pipes adjacent the side walls of the casing and connected with the U-shaped manifold and with the rear column, a plurality of water tubes forming a grate and connected with the U-shaped manifold and with the rear column, and a plurality of vertical tubes connected to the arms of the U-shapedmanifold and said tubes being bent in zig zag form above said grate and extending transversely and alternately from opposite sides of the side walls of the casing and joining that side of the discharge manifold where the respective tubes are connected with the arm of the U-shaped mem her.

5. In a water heater for hot water heat ing systems, a U-shaped lower manifold, an upper manifold, zig-zag water tubes connecting said manifolds, said Zig-zag tubes extending across and above the space between the legs of the U-shaped manifold, each of the tubes having a straight vertical portion above one of said legs, horizontal spur tubes extending inwardly between the legs and connected to some of the vertical portions, and water tubes supported on the spur tubes adapted to form awater grate.

6. In a water heater, a U-shaped base manifold, an upper centrally located discharge manifold. water tubes connected to the legs of the U-shaped manifold and the upper manifold, said tubes rising vertically above said legs for a portion of their length, horizontal spur tubes connected to the verticalportion of some of said tubes and extending inwardly between the legs of the U-shaped manifold, and a water grate comprising zig-zag water tubes supported on said spur tubes and having circulating connections with said manifolds.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature.

LAWRENCE DOERR.

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