US1473513A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 6,1923. 1,473,513

T. Hv PETTENGILL TURBINE Filed Nov. 9, 1918 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I/ C L @.44

DDD DDDDDDDDD DDD DDDD attorney Patented Nov. 6, 1923,

Unire i Lamai 'FQ TIMOTHYAH. PE'lT-ENGILL, 0F AMSTERDAM,-NEW YORK.

TURBINE.

Appiicaeion ined November 9, 191s. vserial No. 261,813."

To all whom t may concer/ri: Y

Be it known that LVTIMoTHY H. PETTEN- ciu., a citizen of the United States., residing at Amsterdam, in the county of Montgomery j and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inTur-v The'invention isvery simple, consisting merely of one or more sets of movable vanes mounted on a rotating element and passages or nozzles carried by the casing through which the elastic uid flows and is discharged against the vanes at predeterminedV intervals in its course around the rotating element.

The steam passages or nozzles are so con` structed that the jets of elastic fluid are discharged in the direction of rotation. Each nozzle or passage extends parallel with the sets of vanes, the passages being entirely open on the side next to the vanes, the outer wall of the passage being parallel to the vanes for a considerable distance, finally converging at its outer end toward the vanes. As the elastic fluid bursts forward in the direction of rotation from its confinement through the nozzle, the side of the )et is shaved ofi', as it were, in passing the edgesv of the movable vanes due to the broadening of the jet on leaving the nozzle, a small portion of the jet being caught by each vane in passing, until the complete energy of the et is absorbed, the energy of each jet being distributed over a large number of vanes.

This arrangement requires very simple mechanical means and at the saine time is effective in extracting the maximum energy from the jets which are free to burst intoV maximum velocity on account of the flow of the fluid not being v, clogged by any back pressure, due to limitedvane openings.

The primary nozzles are arranged in parallel in alignment transversely of the turbine, with the succeeding nozzles, which are vtermined by experiment.

drawings Fig. 1,7is

in series with the primary nozzles, following consecutively in: thev direction of rotation, in circumferentialv alignment."

Each nozzlefis .connected with the steamA chest by a valvewhich vis under y the control of the governor'and the number of nozzles should be limited to a number justsuiiicient Y Vfor good speed regulation. In other words,

the fewer nozzles used, the'grea'ter willbe vthe numberof vane openings which each canl cover. The numberof vane openings which should be covered by each nozzle in proportion to thecross sectional area of same and the number of nozzles to be arranged in se` ries for maximum eiiiciency can best be de- In the accompanying a sectional VVvi'ew'of one half of a turbine em.- bodyingv my invention, taken on .the line 2 2 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2, is a sectionalrview in detaillaid out flat, illustratingv Vthe arrangement of nozzles. Y Fig. 3, is a view showing one of the metal form the nozzles.

K -so pieces which are attached to thecasingto YF ig. 4 is an enlarged diagram which gives a better idea of the principlevof theparallel nozzles than can be shown in Fig. 2.

n Referring now to Figs.V l and 2, the mov-. able vanes A, of which there may be any number of rows, are mounted onthe rotat ing element or wheel M, and the parallel nozzles H, and adjacent chambers H are formed by the outside rims B, and the metal pieces b, shown inFi'g. 3, which are bolted to the casing K.

The steamfor Figure 2, and is delivered to the movable vanes through the parallel nozzles H. The elastic fluid from the several inlets merge together after passing through the first nozzles ofthe series. The succeeding nozzles are made successively larger and longer toward the exhaust to take carev of eXp-anL sion andV at the end of the series mayoccuelasticfiuid enters at E,

py the entire space betweentlie' movable` the'governor and the turbine is running on light load as the degree of expansion is increased on thel remaining primary Jets It also .increases the efficiency When part of the inlet valves are closed Yby ilo left Working, they having the full area of the machine for expansion.

As all of the rows of movable vanes are mounted on one rotating element or Wheel and the jets fromA theseveral vprimary nozzles merge together after passing through the first nozzles and the flow of elastic fluid is around the rotating element, liberal clear ance can be allowed Without a Waste of elastic uid, due to leakage, as the leakage is toward the exhaustfand is caughtby the succeeding receiving chambers D. F ig. 4, is an enlarged diagram showing the arrangement of nozzles similar yto F ig. 2, eXcept that only tWo'roWs of vanes are shown and there is an'inlet for each primary nozzle'- rAs the elastic` fluid bursts forward in theV direction of' rotation from its con'- tinement at Hf through nozzle'H, the side of the jet isshaved, as it'wvere, as illusiA trated by arrows, in passing the edges of the movable'vanesA1 due to the `jet of fluid broadening'on leaving'the nozzle. The lluid is allowed to seek its own 'angle in striking the edges of the'vanes, a Vsmall por'- tion of the jet beingcaught by Veach vane in passing until thecomplete energy Vof the jet is absorbed.

The 'forward'flow of the Vhigh velocity liuid is stopped abruptly on enteringthe vane openings, and, such. a small quantity is caught by each vane that it leaves the va-nes at comparatively low velocity, due to the ample opening of the vane compared to the small quantity of high velocityfluid shaved from the jet .in passing the' edge. of

space between the movable vanes.

I claim: n v An elastic fluid turbineA comprising 'a rotary drum7 a plurality ofspac'ed vanes carried thereby, a casing surrounding the drum,

inlet chambers arranged vbetween the setsv of varies, therehambers between alternateA` sets of'vanes being alignedtransversely of the drum and in staggered; relation with the other alternate aligned chambers forming a plurality of' staggered sets ofchambers, nozzles leading from Athe alternate chambers and overlapping the adjacent alternate chambers on the opposite side of. thev vaines, said nozzles lymg parallel with the rotation of the'vanes' and open on one side whereby the fluid from one lset of alternate Yaligned chambers isf'directed later;

ally through the vanesk to the other set of alternate aligned chambers, said nozzles and chambers increasing proportionately in length toward the eXhaustend of the turf4 bine.

ture.

TiMoTHY PETTENGILL.'

In testimony whereofl l affix my signa'-

Images