US1462540A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

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Patented July 241, 1923..

ALFRED FIESTA, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.

FURNACE.

Application fi1ed March 30, 1921.

Serial No. 456,962.

(GRANTED UNIQER THE PROVISIGNS 01* THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1921, d]. STAT. L, 1313.)

T 0 all 20 710m it may concern Be it known that 1, ALFRED Fnsra, a citizen of-the French Republic, of 30 Rue Bel grand, Paris, France, have invented Furnaces (for which 1 have filed applications in France, Dec. 7, 1918, and Dec. 5, 1919; Spain, Mar. 3, 1920), of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to an industrial heating device, utilizing liquid or solid hydrocarbons, such as heavy petroleum or schist oils, pitch, etc., applicable to furnaces of all kinds and particularly to furnaces for the melting of steel and other metals.

This device is diiferentiated from the known heating apparatus utilizing liquid hydrocarbons by the fact that any atomizing in the hearth of the furnace is done away with; by its special combination it previously converts the hydrocarbons, before the admission in the apparatus to be heated, into combustible gases, as is done for coal by an ordinary gas producer.

The improved heating device essentially comprises a brickwork in which there are two distinct flues; on the front of this brickwork are provided one or more compartments, opening in one of these flucs, and in each of which is placed a small trough constituting a kind of drawer containing the liquid or solid hydrocarbon; each compartment is closed by a movable shutter admit ting only the quantity of air necessary for permitting the slow and incomplete combustion of the hydrocarbon by giving smoky flames. In the second flue circulates air, preferably previously heated, for instance in a heat regenerator. Both i'lues open at their upper end, distinctly either in the hearth of the furnace or in a combustion chamber preceding this hearth.

The hydrocarbon, contained in the troughs, once ignited. gives, as above stated, smoky flames and hydrocarbon vapours. which are led by one of the fines in the furnace (or in the combustion chamber), where they mix only with the secondary air fed by the second flue; under the action of this sec ondary air, the smoky flames and hydrocarbon vapours burn completely, producing the required temperature for the heating of the furnace.

By means of this device, the troughs containing the hydrocarbon are maintained at a moderate temperature for permitting the emission of hydrocarbon vapours, without there being produced, before the complete combustion of the latter in the furnace, any important decomposition of this hydrocarbon which may cause a notable proportion of carbon deposits, which latter would constitute a waste.

The heating device forming the subject matter of this invention is applicable in any cases where it is desired to obtain a high temperature, it allows of conducting the heating at will, either by rising or lowering the temperature according to the requirements, or by maintaining with a per fect regularity the temperature at a given value during the required time.

This heating device is particularly applicable to furnaces for the melting and refining of metals and allovs, the manufacture of glass, the baking of ceramic prod nets of any kind, to reheating and annealing furnaces and the like.

Uwing to the properties of the fuel used, this invention obtains temperatures which it is difficult to reach with the gases of gas producers, in conditions of regularity, simplicity and economy which are not to be found in any of the methods of heating actually employed.

The said invention is moreover characterized by the application of this heating device to a special system of furnace for the melting of steel and other metals.

A form of construction of the improved heating device in the case of its application to this system of furnace will be described hereafter, by way of example, with refer ence to the accompanying drawing in which:

1 is a perspective view showing the whole of the furnace.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section thereof.

Fig. 3 is a cross vertical section, on an enlarged scale, made according to line A-A of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the feeding de vice for the troughs.

As illustrated in the drawing, the heating apparatus of the furnace comprises a refractory brickwork provided with two columns a, a between which is arranged the furnace proper b constituted as will be indicated hereafter.

Each column has two flues 0, 0 (Z, (P, both opening at their upper end on the inner face of the column.

On the front of each column are provided superposed compartments e, 6 three for instance, in each of which is placed a trough 7 f forming a kind of drawer containing the liquid or solid hydrocarbon, Figs. 2 and 3.

.On the outer side, each compartment 6, 0 is closed by a steel'plate shutter g g movable about a horizontal axis h if; on the opposite side, towards the interior of the furnace, the compartments 6 6 open, through orifices 2', i in the collecting flue 0 c which directs the gases towards the hearth of the furnace where their combustion will take place.

The flues (Z (Z of both columns a a are alternately used for leading in the secondary air adapted to produce the complete combustion of the gases or hydrocarbon vapours issuing from the flue 0 c and for exhausting the burnt gases arising from this combustion. These flues (Z d are respectively connected to two regenerating chambers j j containing stacks of bricks. These chambers, which are symmetrically arranged communicate at their upper part with the flues (Z, (Z and are put in communication, at their lower part, by means of a reversing valve 76, alternately with a fresh air intake Z and with a flue m leading to the stack of the furnace. A damper n, arranged on this flue, allows of regulating the draught of the stack.

In case liquid hydrocarbon is used, the troughs f f of each column are fed by a tank 0 provided with as many cocks p as the column has troughs; the hydrocarbon is led to each trough by a pipe 9 having a sufficient diameter for avoiding choking and the funnel-shaped head of which is opposite one of the cooks p; the shutters g g of each compartment 0 c are each provided with a cut-away part for the passage of the feeding pi e g.

etween the two columns a a is arranged the furnace proper b, constitute-d by a cylindrical sheet-iron casing, having a refractory lining forming, at the lower part the bed of the sole and at the upper part the arch; this furnace, which is open at both ends, freely communicates with the two flues 0 (Z c al provided in the two columns a a This furnace Z) is mounted on a carriage r movable on rails and can thus be moved forwards and backwards from the brickwork enclosing the heating device.

The working of this system of furnace is as follows:

Supposing the reversing valve is in the position shown in Fig. 2, that the furnace is already hot and that the troughs f of the right-hand apparatus are fed with fuel. The fuel heats by conductibility, melts if it is in the solid state and can be easily ignited; once it is ignited, it burns slowly by giving smoky flames the small heat of which is suflicient for maintaining the bath of fuel at the required temperature for causing the formation of hydrocarbon vapours.

The atmospheric air, entering in the compartments 6 through the joints of the shutters g prevents the temperature, within these compartments, from reaching the degree at which there might be produced important decompositions of hydrocarbons which might cause carbon deposits in substantial quantities and which latter would constitute a waste; moreover, the air entering only in small quantity through the joints of the shutters 9, allows but an incomplete combustion which can be compared to the production of gases in a coal-gas producer.

The fumes and hydrocarbon vapours, resulting from this incomplete combustion and from this vaporizing of the hydrocarbon, enter through the orifices 2' in the collecting flue 0 and are directed by the latter to the hearth of the furnace Z), where they meet the secondary all led in by the flue d and which has been heated owing to its passage through the regenerator j; the complete combustion of the hydrocarbon vapours then takes place. These vapours burn and give a flame of an extremely high temperature which coming in contact with the metal on the soleof the furnace 6, determines the melting and subsequently the refining of the same.

The gases resulting from the combustion escape from the hearth of the furnace through the flue (Z of the left-hand heat ing apparatus, pass through the regenerating chamber j leaving the greater parts of their calories in the stacks of bricks and from there they are directed by the valve is in the flue mwhich leads to the stack.

At the end of a determined time, for in stance half an hour, the direction of cir' culation of the air, of the flame and of the burnt gases is reversed by the operation of the valve 73'; a few minutes before thereversal of the circulation must be effected, the feeding of the right-hand heating apparatus is stopped, so that when the reversal takes place, there is no fuel in excess in the troughs At the time of reversing the circulation, the troughs 7 of the left-hand heating apparatus are fed with fuel, this fuel heats up rapidly and is self-ignited; it is only at that time that the valve 70 is turned by means of the operating lever I0 for reversing the direction of circulation of the air, of the flames, and of the burnt gases.

From this moment the working is ef fected in a reverse manner: the air sucked in through the intake Z is preheated in the left-hand regenerator F, the flame passes through the hearth of the furnace Z) from left to right and the burnt gases pass through the right-hand regenerator j, reheating the latter.

The operation is thus continued by periodically reversing the direction of circulation of the air, flames and gases.

For starting the furnace, either at the be ginning, or after repairs for instance, it suflices to burn wood in the hearth by reversing from time to time the valve 7c, so as to heat. the brickwork of the furnace, the flues and the regenerators. When this brickwork is hot, which may require about twelve to fifteen hours, one of the heating apparatus is lighted and the furnace operates as above stated.

The control of the combustion is operated, on the one hand, by means of the damper n which permits of varying the draught of the stack and, on the other hand, by means of the valve Z of the air intake )1 which determines the quantity of air admitted in the hearth of the furnace b.

The heating device which has just been described may also be used for making ceramic products, refractory materials, silica bricks, magnesia bricks, calcareous bricks, slag bricks, etc., owing to the very high temperature it can produce.

In this case, the furnace will be nlarged 1 v. J. J: and its sole will be flat, moreover, this run nace will be stationary and provided with lateral doors or traps, facilitating the charging of the products to be heated over the whole extent of the sole or hearth.

it is to be understood that the above described form of construction is given only by way of example and that the form, dimensions and constructional details of the various constituent elements of the device forming the subject-matter of this invention may be modified according to the applications, in which, for instance, each heating apparatus might be provided on both its front and rear faces with troughs containing fuel.

Claims 1. A regenerative heating apparatus including a masonry body, a furnace supported thereby, a flue supplying combustion air to the interior of the furnace, superposed compartments communicating with the exterior air and provided in the wall of the body, fuel receiving troughs located in said compartments, means to regulate the intake of external air into each of these compartments so as to produce only incomplete combustion of the fuel, another flue which each of the compartments communicate separately and directly, said last mentioned flue being arranged so as not to communicate with the external air and being placed parallel to the flue supplying the combustion air and also emptying into the interior of the furnace, so as to carry thereinto the gasified product arising from the incomplete combustion of the fuel in the said conipart ments.

2. A regenerative heating apparatus comprising, a masonry body including two pillars, a furnace open at both its ends ranged between said pillars, sir compartments provided in the pillars of the masonry body, each said compartments having an opening through which exterior air may enter, troughs located in said compartments and intended to receive the fuel, movable shutters for regulating the passage of exterior air through the openings a d into each of said compartments in such manner that the combustion of the fuel in said compartments will be incomplete, another flue provided in each of the pillars of the masonry body and with which each of said compartments directly and separately com-- inunicate, said last mentioned flue being arranged out of communication with the terior air so as to collect the gasified prod-- ucts arising from the incomplete combustion of the fuel in the above specified compartments, and also emptying on the inter-i face of the pillar opposite the correspoi ing open end of the furnace, juxtaposed noncommunicative regenerating chambers provided in the masonry body, other flues coinmunicating with and leading from the chain bers and terminating adjacent the fuel conducting fines on the inner faces of the pillars of the body so as to empty into the furnace, means to alternately utilize each of the last mentioned flues, either to carry to one of the ends of the furnace the hot air of combustion intended to effect the complete combustion of the gasified products carried in by the adjacent flue, or to discharge the burned gases arising from this combustion substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

The foregoing soecilication of my in dustrial heating device applicable to fur naces of all kinds and particularly to furnaces for the melting of steel and other metals, signed by me this 17th day of March 1921.

ALFRED FESTA.

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