US1461733A - Propelling device for aircraft - Google Patents

Description

July 17, 1923-v H. E. HAWES PROPELLING DEVICE FOR AIRCRAFT Filed Oct. 26 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR July 17, 1923- lmams?.

H. E. HAWES PROPELLIG DEVICE FOR AIRCRAFT Filed Oct. 26. 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 17,1923- ,46l,733

Y H. E. vn-mwras PROPELLING- DEVICE FOR AIRCRAFT Filed oci. 2s. 192; 5 sheets-sheet 5 INVENTOR July 17, 1923-' 1,461,733'

H. E. HAWES PROPELLING DEVlCE FOR AIRCRAFT Filed Oct. 26, 1921 -5 Sheets-*Sheet 4 `Tully 17, 1923' H. E. HAWES PRQPELLING DEVICE FOR AIRCRAFT Filed oci. 26

1921 5 Sheets-Sheet` 5 page after landing, or thus varied toveconanita .my 17,1923. Y j

HTEDl VSTATES PATENT FFIE.`

, Hnaannr n. Hawns, or MILWAUKEE, wIscoNsINZ PBOPELLING DEVICE FOR AIRCRAFT.

Application tiled October 26, 1921. Serial No. 510,448.

To all whom it may concern.' Figure 1 is a front elevation of principal Bev it knownthat I, 'HERBERT E. HWES, parts of my invention located within the ina citizen of the United States, and a resident terior of my frame, or conoidal support ofMilwaukee, Milwaukee County, State of therefore, the front, and other parts, of the Wisconsin, have invented certain new and latter being cut away for that purpose and f useful Improvements in Propelling Devices also 'certain otherparts such\as the power for Aircraft, of which the following is a shaft, on the dotted sectional specification. i

My present invention relates to aircraft arrows, and parts of the propeller blades begenerally and more particularly to the proinbroken away. f pulsion mechanisms thereof. f igure 2 is a top plan view of parts shown Its objects comprise provision of a proin Figure 1, the section of the frame and of peller deviceof novel construction, comprisseveral other of the ing longitudinally reciprocable blades by the dotted sectional line 2 2 of Figure 1 which the radial projection, or swee of the and viewed in the direction of the arrows. latter can be varied at will,that 1s to say `Figure 3 is a side elevation of the power the blades may be projected, or, as it were, shaft and of therewith concentric parts and lengthened outwardly relatively to the airalso of parts located beyond the power shaft craft after the latter has risen from the whenviewed inthe direction of the arrow, ground, thereby increasing the propulsiva 1, of Figure 2, intervening parts between the efficiency lof the blades and of the propeller observer and the power shaft being omitted as a whole, and thereafter the blades reand the frame being cut away onits medial tracted, or, as it'were shortened at the time vertical sectional line, and also other` parts of landing, thereby l'tending' to diminish risk extending. across that line being shownin of breakage from their collision with the transverse section. ground or other obstacles.

Another object of my r-invention is to provide .blades that can be axiall rotated or Apropeller blades, andmin section, part ofthe oscillated to reverse or interme iate position therewith cooperative elements whereby or angle of inclination to theair, lthereby axialrotation is imparted tothe said counter retarding or reversing the propulsion of the shaft. aircraft and facilitating its complete stop- Figure 5 is on larger scale a like view of the last mentioned counter shaft similarly omizepropulsive force when it is not needed. showing some of the elementsy b aid 'of Still another object is the provision of which said shaft pis longitudinal y recipclamping means for limitin the axial` rota-` rocable. tion of the blades and restraining their axial v Figure 6 is in part a view similarto Figure vibration, thus increasing their llvesyand re` 2 but omitting' certain elements and adding ducing wear in the moving parts thereof and others to more fully illustrate particularly vtheir actuating means.

Another important object is provision of rotations and longitudinal reciprocation are means whereby the angle of the blades, durimpartable to the counter shafts. ing rotation of the propeller. may be visually indicated to the. aviator at his station in the means for absolutely limiting the extent of cockpit. y axial rotation ofthe counter shafts which -And a principal object is to provide means carry the blades of the propeller. whereby the power required to so axially rotate and longitudinally reciprocate the largely. in lsection taken on line 8-8 of blades may be supplied by aid of the englne Figure 1 and viewed in the direction ofthe j like reference numerals denote like parts.

arrow,` illustrative of one of the clampin evices for arresting the axialvrotation o and ,clamping immovably the counter shafts through connection with the powerl shaft.` These and other useful objects I attain by aid of the constructions o'r their equivalents, hereinafter described and illustrated in the 4,at desired intermediate points. drawings accompanying this specification j Figure 9 is a diagrammatic detailed' top and forming a part thereof,- andv inwhich viewv illustrative of the device yfor visually indicating to the aviator the angle of inciline 1-1 of, Figure 2 viewed in `the direction of the` 'Y Figure 7 is a detailed view illustrative of Y arts. being taken on Figure 4 is a detailed view showing a part of one of the counter shafts which carry thel the frictional devices by aid of which axial Figure 8 is a diagrammatic detailed `view j lmounted on a rotary power, or driving,

shaft 4 driven by, or forming part of, any well-known motor. Said frame has formed therein, oppositely located, outwardly extending, hereinafter more fully described cylindrical blade-carrying counter-shaft bearings, 2, 3, which are, as shown, offset from the axis of the power shaft.

The conoidal exterior of this hollow frame is in harmony with the streamline of the plane, and it is mounted, preferably, at the extreme front of the fuselage.

It consists of two parts, or sect-ions, 1-,-1

l each having one half of each'of the said counter shaft bearings 2, 3, formed therein, and said parts are designed to be bolted or screwed together so that the thus correlated half-bearings register.

A cylindrical bore or seat for the power shaft is formed in the axis of each section and the combined unit is mounted rigidly on the` power shaft in any convenient manner.v

An annular rib 1" is formed projecting yinwardly transversely of the axis of the frame, or cone, around the entire inside of the front section 1 of the cone and is joined to, and connects the bearings 2, 3, together along their mutually axial line.

The outer, front, conoid section, or wall, 1 of the frame overlies or telescopes a similar conoidal section extending forwardly from the rear section or wall 1, and both` parts are'detachably held together in any convenient manner as for example by a plurality of screw bolts, passing through both walls and extending inwardly to where they may be locked by nuts, such attachments being well known and therefore not shown in the drawings. i l

To facilitate assemblage, portions of the mutually overlapping or telescoped conoidal j walls of l the sections 1, 1 of the frame are cut awayhehind the above referred to bearin s as indicated in Figures 12 and 13.

v wall of l, for convenience in adjusting and locking the parts.

The registering cylindrical half- bearings 2, 3 are formed in the outer wall o f both members.

and holes 3 are provided in the rear Said bearings project inwardly from each side of the frame toward the power shaft,

and are, as shown o'set to opposite sides thereof. Rotatable blade-bearing counter shafts 6 7 are mounted in said bearings and ext-end across the cone transversely of power, shaft 4., and locked in position by castellating the nut and putting a pin through holes in the shaft end, in the wellknown way. f

The blade-carrying counter shafts 6-7 are preferably of metal castings which are made' cylindrical wherever they extend within or between said bearings during their longitudinal rciprocatiomand their outer ends,

which project outwardly from the frame, are preferably provided with integral propeller blades having surfaces of usual type, or separate wooden, or other, lblades may be rigidly secured thereto as is obvious.

In the outsides of the counter shafts are formed fiat top screw threads 8 for' that part of their lengths designed to engage in the therewith cooperating internally threaded sleeves 10 and the said counter-shaftbearings.

The sleeves 10 abut, axially, against the inside ends of the shaft bearings 2 3 on the one side thereof, and, on the other, against a sleeve 9 likewise concentrically encircling the counter shaft, and the last mentioned sleeve is in turn abutted against one of the said shaft bearings projecting inwardly from the opposite side of the frame.

The sleeves 9 and -10 thus fill snugly longitudinally the axial spaces/between the bearings 2 and 3 located on the opposite sides of the cone.

In the outside of the cylindrical parts of 4the counter shafts 6-7 are formed longitudinal grooves or keyways 11, parallel with the axis of the shafts, and extending nearly the full length of the cylindrical portions thereof and cut somewhat deeper than the bottom of the threads 8.

In the bores of the sleeves 9 are mounted longitudinal keys or feathers 11 adapted to iit slidably in the said keyways 11 to hold the same against oscillation.- Sleeves 9 fit slidably over theA outside, or that is to say, over the flat tops, or surfaces of the counter shafts extending between the incut threads, and helical gears 13 are formed-on the periphery thereof. i The screw thread 8' ontlie outside ofthe memes shafts is of'coarse pitch, and has the lands,

or flat top of the thread much wider'than the grooves therof, so that the shaft periphery has a maximum of wearing surfaces.

On the outside of power shaft 4 is mounted rotatably a sleeve 14 having formed on one end thereof a helical gear 15 and on the 12 opposite end a spur gear 16. The sleeve 14 is held in place axially between bosses on the inside of the members 11. The helical gear 15 meshes cooperatively with the opposedsleeve gears 13, 13, and serves to rotate them synchronously at certain times.

In bearings 18', formed on opposite sides of the interior of the cone, and., registering with .the bearings 19 located in the rear wall of the section 1 of the frame are-mounted dual supplementary shafts 17 disposed in parallelism with the power shaft 4 and extending rearwardly through the rear wall of section 1 of the frame.

On theforward ends thereof are mounted rigidly spur gears 18 meshing mutually with the spur gear 16 on the sleeve 14 surroundinv the power shaft.

the rear ends of said shafts 17. are mounted rigidly friction wheels 20 having oppositely` inclined peripheral side friction faces. ig. 6.) l

On the extreme front-end of the fuselage or other relatively stationary part of the aircraft next to thel frame 1, l are mounted longitudinally slidable rods 21 journalled in the said relatively stationary parts inbearings 21". Anon-rotatable friction ring containin a race-way 21 having dual oppositely' inc ined friction surfaces located to respectively, in turn, engage the thereto respectively opposed friction faces of the friction wheels .20, is also mounted on the relatively stationary part.

The ring 21 is reciprocable by the aviator longitudinally of the power shaft 4 so as loscillatory movement of the blade carrying rotation to the supplementary shafts 17 in y A a-given direction and, through the spur gears 55.

18, 16 will rotate the sleeve 14 and thus, by aid of the gear 15 the oscillatable sleeves 9 surrounding the blade carrying counter Shafts and thereby axially rotate or oscillate'fthe propeller blades and vary their angles of incidence to the air.

. Conversely -the engagement of they ring 21 with the opposite sides of the friction' pulleys 20 will rotate the supplementary shafts 17 in the oppositedirection and in- Cline' the blades to ain-opposite angle,

The mechanism for longitudinally reciprocating, and thereby varying the length of, the blades, is as follows:

On the outer endsiof sleeves 10 which are threaded as above described onv the blade carrying shafts 6, 7, are formed bevel gears .0n shafts 22, disposed parallel with the power shaft 4, in bearing 23 on the rear Wall of `sectiolrlof the frame, are mounted bevel gears 22', meshing with the bevel gears 12 on the sleeves 1Q.

On theV opposite ends of the shafts 22 extending through and outside of the wall 1` are mounted friction wheels 24 having oppositely inclined peripheral faces.

'Inside of the ring 21 I mount another non-rotatable friction ring 25 on longitudinally slidable shafts 26,*journalled in bearings 27, in the front of th'e fuselage 27', or other relatively stationary `part of the aircraft. y

The last mentioned ring has dual oppositeliy inclined friction faces similar to those of t e ring previously described, and these are similarly adapted to respectively, in turn, engage opposlte inclinedfriction faces of the wheels 24, and thus produce oppositev through the internal threads 8 thereofact ing uponthe externally threaded blade- carrymg counter shafts 6, 7 reciprocate the latter longitudinally accordingly as the ring 25 engages they inner or outer inclined sides `of the friction pulleys 24 on thev counter' shafts 22.

The relation of the non-rotatable friction rings to the pulleys 24, 20, is illustrated in Figure 6 of the drawings in which cross sections of the rings are shown.

and counter shafts is governedby the sleeve keys 11v in the slots 11 1n the shafts 6, 7,

It will be understood that axial rotation or while those shafts are being longitudinally reciprocatedand the thereby carried propellerblades correspondingly extended or retracted, and also that such reciprocations the ring/25, maybe joined together aft of their respective bearlngs as diagrammatioccur without disturbing the angles of incil The dual slide shafts 21 projectingfrom i cally illustrated in Figure 6 into single members, both of which may be extended to within reach of the aviatorV for manipulatlon, y and may be supplied withany convenient;

mechanlsm for locking thef same againstv lon itudinal or linear movement, as by any wel -known suitable friction clamp. A The lever locking device Shown in' 'Letters Pal;-Y

' ent No. 1,067,425, granaat@ me on July 15,

the atmosphere.

When this ultimate point of extension 'of 1913, may be used for this purpose.

On the cylindrical end of eachblade carrying counter shaft 6, 7, opposite to the blades, is attached a circular stop piece 28 (Fig. 3), in any suitable way, for example by screws 28', to arrest and positively limit its outward reciproca'tion.`

This stop, when the extreme of the outward longitudinal movement is attained, lies in a seat therefor countersunk in the side of the frame and so as'to sink below the surface thereofto diminish its resistance to the blades is reached, the friction pulleys 24 slip on the ring 25 and no further longitudinal extension can take place; the ring is then released and moved by the aviator into its neutral position in which none of the friction faces are in contact and the pulleys then become idlers `revolving with the propeller but without acting.

In assembling,-the blade shaft, the gears, and the sleeves 10, are first screwed on the counter shafts 6, 7, at like distance from the ends thereof and then the sleeves 9 are slipped on and up against the same. The shafts are next inserted into section 1 of the frame, the gears adjusted in mutual registration, and then section 1 of the frame is put in registering position and the twof sections bolted together as above described; but, if preferred, section 1 may, of course, be first keyed on to the power shaft 4 an the counter shafts positioned in that section in the first instance after which the other parts may be assembled as indicated.

To limit the. axial rotation or angular oscillation of the blade carrying counter .I shafts, there are formed on the outside of the sleeves 9 two projections or stops 9 adapted to abut at either extreme of oscillation against the rib 1 y011 `either side thereof (see Fig. 7). y

vThese stops are located at such a distance apart that the blades may have an oscillation of approximately 45 to each side of their neutral position. 1

`The mechanism for holding or clamping in a desired 'position the counter shafts, after varying the angle of incidence of the thereby carried blades, or their radius, or extent of projection from the. frame, is as follows:

Each outer counter shaft bearing 2, 3, of the frame 1, 1 is, as above noted, composed of two parts, the front one being integral with section 1 and the other, or rear, part with section 1 of the frame. rI n the wall of said rear part of the bearing near its junction with the wall of the frame, there is cut a slot 2x (Figs. 1, 3 and 8) `transversely o' the axis of the bearing along approximately one-third of the circumference, thus producings 2, 3, are mounted, rotatably, cam shafts,

30, parallel with the power shaft 4, and transverse the blade-carrying counter-shafts 6, 7. Each of the shafts 30 has rigidly mounted thereon `a raised peripheral cam, 31, and a helical gear 32. j

The cam, 31, is disposed to bear against the end or edge ofthe said Hap 2xx ofthe shaft bearing, and, when required, to temporarily bend, and compress, the same against the thereto opposed counter shaft, thus clamping the latter against axial rotation, or longitudinal reciprocation.

Below said shafts 30, in bearings 33, on

the rear wall of section 1 of the frame, are mounted rotatory intermediate shafts 34, on which are rigidly mounted helical gears 35,

engaging with gears 32 on shaft 30, and

bevel gears 36, meshing with bevel pinions 37 on shafts 38, mounted in bearings 39 located on said rear wall 1. (See Figs. 1-3.) In the rear hub 5 of the frame and extending through' the wall 1 are mounted, in suitable bearings, frictionally rotated shafts 40, having rigidly mounted on one end thereof friction pulleys 41, and on the opposite ends thereof helicall gears 42, meshing with gears 43 on shafts38.

Slid'ably mounted on the power shaft 4, at the rear ofthe hub 5, is an internal friction ring 44, having projecting rearwardly therefrom slide rods 45, journalled on the fuselage, or other relatively stationary part of the aircraft, in bearings 46. The ring 44 the cam shafts 30 and actuate the camsl31 to' simultaneously compress the laps. V129 to clamp the blade-carrying counter-shafts 6, 7, in their respective bearings as above described.

And also that further rotation ofthe shafts 40 will cause the cams 431 to release the flaps, and thus free the counter-shafts to be axially rotatedv or longitudinally recipl rocated, or both. j j

To enable the aviator to determine, vary,

tation of his power shaft, a visual indicator is attached to one of the vblade-carrylng f and set the angles of the blades during rocounter-shafts. This indicator moves automatically in correspondence with the axial rotations of the blades, and thus renders it possible to know their inclinations during their so rapid rotation as to be practically invisible.

My indicator is constructed as follows (see Figures 9 and 10) On one side of the sleeve 9 projects a rigid stud, 47, havin va, ball head, 48, on the outer end thereof. n the rear wall of section 1 of the frame I pivot parallel with the power shaft 4, a telltale, or vane, 49, and midway of its length on a stud 49', rigidly fastened to the said back wall rof section 1 of the v'frame on the inside thereof.

The vane 49 is adapted to be tilted or os- ,cillated so that the opposite ends thereof are projectable alternately through an aperture or slot 49" in the outside conoidal wall of the frame, whereby the vane visually indi.- cates the direction and degree of the axial rotation `of the blades according to thedlrection and extent to which tilted. Means are provided to accomplish such tilting as follows: i

The vane 49 carries spaced away from its pivot 49 a ball stud 49x connected with the ball stud 47, on the sleeve 9, by a rod 50, having ball sockets 50', 50, on each end' thereof, and of such length that neither end of the vane is visible outside of the frame when the blades are in neutral inclination as shown in Figures 9-10.

The ends of said vane are marked, or painted in different colors, for example black and white, so as to be readily distinguishable b the aviator from his seat in the cockpit. e white end may be thus paint- 'ed with phos horescent paint so as to be visible at nig t and' thus then indicate at least the positive inclination of the blades according to 'the extent of surface thereof showing outside of the frame, or the ends of the vane may be electrically, or otherwise, lighted so that each may show a different color, for example red and green in the darkness.l

It will be understood that the power, o1- driving, shaft referred to is any shaft which carries and rotates the propeller, and need not be also the shaft to which the power is ldirectly applied. Details of form yand relative location and proportion of parts may be varied without departing from my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is the following, viz:

1. In an aircraft, a propeller device co-mprisin a rotary driving shaft; a frame carried t ereby; counter shafts .longitudinally reciprocably carried by said frame, their axes transverse of. and offset from, the axis of the powerA shaft; propeller blades carried by said counter shafts and projecting outwardly from the frame; means to rotate the driving shaft; and intermediate means controllable by the aviator to intermittently operatively connect the driving shaft with the counter shafts to longitudinally recipro- 2. In an aircraft a propeller device com# prising av rotary driving shaft; a frame carried thereby; counter shafts longitudinally reciprocatably and axially rotatably carried by said frame, their axes transverse of, and offset from, the axis of the power shaft; exterior threads on said counter shafts; axially rotatable members having threads cooperative with the threads of the counter shafts; pro eller blades carried by said counter sha ts and projecting outwardly from the frame; means to rotate the driving shaft; and intermediate means controllable by the aviator to intermittently operatively connect the driving shaft with said axially rotatable members to rotate them to desired extent in either one of opposite directions, thereby independently of speed or direction of rotation of the driving .shaft either lendgthening or shortening as may be indicate the projection of the blades from the frame. l

3. In an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotary driving shaft; a @frame carried thereby; counter shafts longitudinally reciprocatably and axially rotatably carried by-said frame, their axes transverse of, and offset from, the axis of the power shaft; exterior threads on said counter prising a rotary power shaft; a frame carcounter shafts ried thereby; blade carryin y longitudinally mounted in said frame an reciprocable to outwardly and inwardly move their "blades relatively to the power shaft; means to rotate then driving shaft; and 4intermediate means, under control of the aviator, to, in different directions, so movev said counter shafts during, and independently of speed or direction of, rotation of the power shaft. j

5. In an aircraft a propeller devlce comprising a rotary power shaft; a frame carried thereby; counter shafts longitudinally reciprocably and axially rotatably carried le said frame, their axes transverse of, an odset from, the axis of the power shaft; propeller blades carried by the coun# ter shafts and projecting outwardly from the frame; and means, controllable by the aviator, to, during rotation of the power shaft, longitudinally reciprocate said counter shafts; and, independent-means simllarly operable to simultaneously, or alternatively, axially rotatesaid counter shafts.

6. In anI aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotary power shaft; a frame carried thereby; counter shafts longitudinally reciprocably and axially rotatably carried by said frame, their axes transverse of, and offset from, the axis of the power shaft; propeller blades 'carried by the counter shafts and projecting outwardly from the frame; and means, controllable by the aviator, to, intermittently, operatively conneet tht power shaftl with the counter shaftsV to reciprocate them; and means,

vsimilarly controllable, to simultaneously, or

alternatively, operatively connect the power shaft with the counter shafts to axially rotate them.

7. In an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotary power shaft; a. frame carried thereby; axially rotatable mutually parallel counter shafts carried by said frame respectively offset to different sides,

and extended longitudinally in directions transverse of the axis of the power shaft; pro eller blades carried by the counter sha ts and oppositely projecting outwardly from the frame; exterior threads on the countershafts; and means controllable by the aviator and comprising axially rotatable, gear bearing, members having threads cooperative with the threads on the countershafts to intermittently operatively connect the power shaft with the counter shafts to axially rotate them to extents and in directions desired independently of speed, or direction, of rotation of the power shaft.

8. In an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotary power shaft; a frame carried thereby; axially rotatable mutually parallel counter shafts carried by said frame respectively offset to different sides, and extended longitudinally in directions transverse of the axis of the power shaft; propeller badesxarried by the counter shafts and oppositelyxprojecting outwardly from the frame; means controllable by the aviator to axially rotate said 'counter shafts in opposite directions during rotation of the power shaft whereby the angles of incidence of the blades is varied; and a member movably carried by the frame and operatively connected with, and actuated by, said last mentioned means'to, during said rotations,lvisvu ally' indicate to the aviator the said angles of incidence of the blades.

9. A propeller device comprising a rotatory driving shaft; a frame carried by and comprising portions thereof spaced apart from said shaft on opposite sides thereof; a pair of counter shaft bearings in and extending through said-portions of the frame in alignment offset from the driving shaft; a counter shaft constantly journalled in both of said bearings and carrying at one end a propeller blade projecting outwardly from the frame; and means to longitudinally re-v ciprocate said counter shaft s o journalled whereby said projection of the blade is increased, and alternately diminished with, corresponding projecton of the non-blade bearing end of the counter shaft outwardly from the thereto most adjacent one of said bearings.

10. In an aerial propelling device, a rotatory driving shaft; a blade support rigidly mounted thereon; blade-carrying shafts mounted therein, variable as to length of radius of sweep; and means under control of the aviator for varying the radius of said shafts while the propeller is rotating y and independently of the speed or direction of such rotation.

11.v ln an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotary power shaft; a frame carried thereby; longitudinally reciprocable'y blade carrying shafts carried by said frame their axes transverse of and offset from the axis of the power shaft their blades projecting from the frame; means controllable by the aviator to, while the power shaft is rotating, reciprocate the blade carrying shafts in respectively different directions;

and means similarly controllable to simultaneously arrest said reciprocations and thereby determine the projection of the blades from the frame.l

12. In an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotary power shaft; a frame carried thereby; longitudinally reciprocable 'blade' carrying shafts carried by said frame their axes transverse of and offset from the axis of the power shaft their blades projecting from the frame; means controllable by the-aviator to, while the power shaft is rotating, reciprocate the blade carrying shafts in respectively diferent directions; said last mentioned means comprising friction wheels having oppositely bevelled eripheries and unrotatably carried by suppfementary rotatable shafts parallelwith the power sha-ft;

-gears operatively connecting said supplementary shafts with the counter shafts a member reciprocably carried by a relatively stationary part of the aircraft in parallelism with said supplementary shafts and con vtaining an annular raceway having oppo-A le sitely bevelled sides respectlvely coopera with the respective bevels of said peripher'zes; and means operable by the aviator to reciprocate said memberinto and out of contact with said friction wheels.

13. In an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotary power shaft; a frame car# ried thereby; blade carrying shaft axially rotatably and longitudinally reciprocably mounted in said frame; means to axially rotate, and means to at the same time with, or independentlyof,` said axial rotation, reciprocate, said shafts, all of said means being operable by the aviator while the power shaft is rotating.

14. In an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotary power shaft; a frame carried thereby; blade-carrying shafts axially rotatabl and longitudinally reciprocably mounte in said frame; means to axially rotate said blade-carrying shafts; means to longitudinallyy and oscillatively reciprocate them; and both of said means vbeing oper- Vable by the aviator simultaneously, or in-` dependently ofeach other; and means lto limit their axial rotation, all of said actuating means being operable by 'the aviator either. simultaeously, or independently ofV each other.

15. In an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotarv power shaft; a frame'carried thereby; blade-carrying shafts axially rotatably and longitudinally reciprocably mounted in said frame; means to axially rotate said blade-carrying shafts; means to longitudinally and oscillatively reciprocate them; and both of said means being operable by the aviator simultaneously, or independently of each other; means to limi-t their axial rotation, all of said actuating means being o erable by the aviator either simultaneous y or. independently of each other; and means to limit their longitudinal reciprocation.` i

16. I'n an aircraft a propeller device comprising a rotatory power shaft; a frame carried and rotated thereby; counter-shafts carried, axially rotatable in op site directions, by the frame; propeller b ades carried by 4 the counter-shafts; means to rotate the to so move the indicator accordin power shaft; means 4 to simultaneously equally axially rotate said counter shafts during rotation of the power shaft; an indicator carried by said frame and movable in opposite directions by opposite oscillative movements of the counter shafts; and means actuated by aid of said last mentioned means to the directions of the axial rotations oft e counter shafts.

17. In an aerial propelling device, a rotatory power shaft; a blade support ri 'dly mounted thereon; blade-carryin -s afts mounted therein, variable as to lengtflyi of rai dius of sweep; and means for varying radius mounted thereon; blade-carrying shafts carried thereby and movable axially; opposed synchronously operating gear trains adapted to lengthen or shorten the radius of said blade-carrying shafts simultaneously; frictionally actuated means to set in actlon said blade-shaft'length-varyin means; and manually actuated means under the control of the aviator to set in action said frictional mechanism while the propeller is in motion.

20. In an aerial propelling device, a rotatory power shaft; a propeller blade-carrying shaft support; blade shafts mounted in Vsaid support; pro eller blades carried thereby and extendab e longitudinally; gear trains connecting with said blade shafts; and frictional means for setting in action said gear trains and comprising rotative and non-rotative members,

21. In .a propelling device, having inclinable blades, a visual blade-angle indicator connected therewith and automatically and synchronously variable by movement of the propeller blades.

22. lIn a propelling device in combination a rotary power shaft; a frame rotatably carried thereb propeller blade-carrying shafts axial y rotatably, or oscillatively, mounted therein; means to oscillate said last mentioned shafts while the propeller is in rotation; and a visual blade-angle indicator operatively connected with said blade-carrying-shaftsand adapted to be moved by ald thereof in synchronism and correspondence therewith to designate the degree and direction of the axial rotation of the blade-carrying-shafts. 23. A propelling device comprising a rotatory driving shaft; a frame carried thereby and comprising portions thereof spaced apart from said shaft on o posite sides thereof; a pair of counter-shai bearin in and extendlng through said portions o the frame in alignment and offset from the driving shaft; a counter shaft constantly journalled in both said bearings extending through, to projection thereof from both sides of, the frame, and carrying an outwardly projecting propeller blade carried by one end of the'counter shaft; and means to bi-directionally lon itudnally reciprocate ble propeller blades; means to axially rotate said countershaft so gournalled Wherebysaid them thereby varying their angles of inciprojection of the blade is optionally indence; means to longitudinally reciprocate creased or diminished andprojection of the them thereby varying their radius of sweep, 5 opposite end of the counter shaft inversely and means to intermediately hold them to varied. any-said angle and radius desired, t

24. In combination in a propelling device i axially rotatable longitudinally reciproca- HERBERT E. HAWES. i

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