US1452120A - Kichard lamb - Google Patents

Description

Apr. 17, 1923. r 1,452,331)

I R. LAMB COMPENSATING FILLER FOR BLOCK PAVING Filed March 11, 1920 Patented Apr. 1?, i923.

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RICHARD LB, NEW YORK, N. Y.; SARAH E. LAMB, EXECUTRIX 01 SAID RICHARD LAMB, DECEASED, ASSIGNOR TO S E. LAMB.

COIQIPENSATING FILLER FOR BLOCK PAVING.

Application filed March 11, 1920. Serial No. 365,091.

55 and State of New York, .have invented an Improvement in Compensating Fillers for Block Paving, of which 'the following description is a specification.

his invention relates to a novel composition of matter and process for making it and its combination with wood "blocks forming a floor or paving for road beds having novel structural and functional characteristics. The novel combination of the constituent elements of the composition hereinafter referred to ive to it characteristics which especially a apt it for use as a filling material between adjacent wood blocks of a floor or pavement. It may be easily applied in plastic or fluid condition but when dry becomes hard and adheres to the'blocksand holds them in -proper position but in case water comes in contact with the floor or pavement and the blocks become wet and expand, the composition filler also absorbs the water and thereby becomes soft and yielding and the expansion of the blocks is thus permitted without buckling of the floor or pavement, as would otherwise occur. When the blocks gradually dry the filler does also and becomes hard again. It, therefore, constitutes what may be called a compensating filler or compound. In applying the liner, any surplus on the face of the blocks may be easily and completely removed. The composition has the advantage over the use of sand as a filler in that the sand is not adherent and works its way down under the blocks, not only making the surface uneven but ceasing to serve properly as a filler, whereas the present composition is adherant and is always in place and yields when required under the expansion due to moisture. It has the advantage over the use oi pitch or asphalt as a filler in that they get soft in hot weather and are pressed out on the upper surface of the blocks and because of their sticky nature that is very objectionable, aside from the fact that the filler does not remain in proper position to act as a filler. The present composition does not soften by hot weather and even if some of it by chance gets on the surface of the floor or pavement, it is not objectionable and may be removed easily or will wear ofi naturally, since it will not stick 'to things coming in contact with it. Pitch and asphalt do not soften, when wet, to permit expansion of the blocks and it is impossible to thoroughl remove any which works out on to the sur ace. The present composition has the advantage over the use of sand and cement grout, not only because that requires several days delay for forming before using,

while the present composition dries in about twenty-four hours but because the sand and cement grout do not become soft, when wet, and thus either do not yield to permit expansion or are disintegrated. If the blocks shrink after the grout is set and hardens, it never becomes soft so as to settle ,or flow outwardly filling the space between blocks, as does the present composition but there is a looseness between blocks. The novel features of the invention will be more fully understood from. the following description and claims taken with-the drawings.

In the drawings-$- Figure 1 is a perspective view partly broken away of a floor construction em-v bodying the invention, and

Figure 2 is a similar view showing a modified form of leveling base on which the wooden blocks rest.

The composition constituting one of the main features of this invention embodies argillaceous sand, clay and .a colloidal agent, preferably lignosulfonate.

Lignosulfonate is a lei-product of the sulfite or bisulfate process for making wood pulp. In digesting the wood about one half of the wood remains in the digestor as cellulose, which is paper pulp. The remainder is a solution known as sulfite or waste liquor, and is called technically lignosulfonate. It is not of bituminous or 'oily nature, and is practically odorless and is clean. t can therefore be used on floors where pitch or asphalt would be objectionable. I

It is generally believed by scientific road builders that the wetting of road materials form colloids that produce a strong bond. The lignosulfonate is rich in colloidal extractive matter, and when used simply hasaluminum silicate, and the cla v should consition as a filler.

stitute about fifteen per cent by volume of the mixture of sand and clay. Pulverized solid lignosulfonateis intimately and thor oughly mixed with the mixture of sand and clay in approximateiy the proportion by volume of one to twenty-five, so thatthe result-ing mixture contains about four per cent of lignosulfonate. This mixture, when wet, becomes a soft and plastic mass which. after drying, is solid and hard but even after drying and hardening it will again absorb water if brought in contact with it and again become soft and lastic. In some localities argillaceous san of the proper kind containing the desired proportion or percentage of clay may be found 'in' nature and it may of course be used without the admixture of additional clay from outside sources. The complete mixture as a drycomposition, including all of the ingredients above stated, may be made and sold to those wishing to use it for lining paving blocks or for analogous purposes. Since, however, siliceous sand, suitable for mixing with the clay and lignosulfonate, may be found in most localities, it is preferable for some reasons and under some conditions to omit the sand in forming the mixture, using only clay or kaolin and about thirteen and one-half per cent by volume of lignosulfonate, intimately mixed. The purchaser and user of the composition may then add the content of sand indicated above and thoroughly mix the material before using.

In practically applying the compositionas a compensating filler for the wood blocks of a pavement in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, a concrete base 5 is first formed on whichis laid a cushion 2 of dry cement'and sand pressed into the form of a layer with a smooth flat upper surface. The cushion is then sprinkled with water and the wood blocks 3 are placed in position on it close together. Since wood blocks such as shown usually shrink laterally and longitudinally after being cut to form. according to the moisture in them, they should be permitted to dry and shrink to the desired extent be fore taking the step of applying the compo- After the blocks are in proper position and condition, the mixture above described may be forced into the spaces between blocks as a compensating filler in two ways. The dry mixture may be made to enter and fill the spaces indicated at 1 and water is then poured on the filler material between the blocks until it is saturated with water and becomes a plastic mass. It is then allowed to stand undisturbed and to dry and after drying it is hard and solid and properly holds the blocks in place. Instead of filling the spaces between blocks with dry mixture and later adding water, the mixture may be first mixed with water until it has a consistency which will permit it to flow readily down between the blocks. filling the spaces under slight squeezing pressure applied to it.

Another method for applying the filler is to form it in situ between the wooden blocks. In this case a mixture of dry sand and clay in proper proportions is inserted between the blocks and liquid lignosulfonate with about one and one half times its volume of water is poured into it between the blocks and being very fluid,'it will penetrate all parts of the sand and be thoroughly and uniformly distributed throughout the filler. The filler, when in place, will set and become hard at any temperature but at a temperature below 60 Fhn, if not again wet will dry and harden in twenty-four hours. After it has become hard, it will remain so unless water is-applied to it but if water is applied, it will again become plastic. It follows, therefore. that if the blocks shrink after it has become hard,

an application of water to it will make it soft so that it will flow and fill the space between blocks. If after hardening the blocks have water applied to them and expand, the filler receiving the water becomes plastic and yields. My compensating filler is not affected by machine oils or gasoline which are often found upon streets and factory floors and, as heretofore stated, contains no oily or sticky material which is objectionable and cannot be easily removed from the floor gurface when it happens to be on that surace.

The embodiment or use of the invention disclosed in Figure 2 differs from that indicated above only in the composition of the cushion marked 4 which takes the place of that marked 2 in Figure 1. The cushion 4 is formed of low melting point pitch pressed into position on the concrete base 5.

This pitch should be preferablyot from 130 to 140 deg. Fhr. and should be allowed to cool before placino the blocks upon same.

The blocks should be laid close together upon the cold pitch which will hold the blocks tightly to the concrete bed. After fifteen per cent of the surface non-hygroscopic can be used on the surface to shed the water.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed as new and desired to secure by patent is:

1. The combination with a support therefor, and a filler between adjacent blocks composed of an intimate mixture of colloidal agents, argillaceous sand and clay in such proportions that the filler will be solid and hard when yielding when wet.

2. The combination with a support therefor, and a jacent blocks composed of paving blocks, of

paving blocks, of filler between ad an intimate mixture of lignosulfonate, argillaceous sand and clay in such proportions that the filler will be solid and hard when dry and soft and yielding when wet.

3. The combination with paving blocks, of a support therefor, and a filler between adjacent blocks composed of an intimate mixture of lignosulfonate, a-rgillaceous sand and clay, the lignosulfonate constituting approximately four per cent of the mixture by volume.

4. The combination with paving blocks, of a support therefor, and a filler between adjacent blocks composed of an intimate mixture of lignosulfonate, argillaceous sand and clay, the lignosulfonate constituting approximately four per cent of the mixture by volume, and the clay constituting approximately the remainder by volume. 5. A composition of matter comprising an dry and soft and intimate uniform mixture of fine grained argillaceous sand and approximately fifteen per cent by volume of clay and approximately four per cent by volume of pulverized solid lignosulfonate.

6. A composition of matter adapted for use in forming a filler for paving blocks comprising an intimate mixture of kaolin clay and approximately thirteen and one half per cent by volume of pulverized solid lignosulfonate.

7. The process of making and applying a filler for paving blocks, comprising thoroughly mixing fine grained argillaceous sand containing clay and lignosulfonate in such proportions that when wet the mixture will be soft and plastic and when dry hard and solid pouring said mixture between the blocks to fill the spaces with sufiicient water to make it plastic and allowing it to dry.

8. The process of making and applying a filler for paving blocks, comprising interposing in the spaces between adjacent blocks a composition comprising argiIIaceouSsand and approximately fifteen per cent by volume of clay and approximately four per cent by volume of lignosulfonate, the said substances being thoroughly anduniformly distributed throughout the mixture together with sufficient water to render the mixture plastic.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in the presence of a Witness.

vRICHARD LAMB. [1,. s.] Witness:

LAURA E. SMITH.

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