US1451981A

US1451981A - Metal-scouring and ungreasing device

Info

Publication number: US1451981A
Application number: US410828A
Authority: US
Inventors: Heller Max
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1920-09-14
Filing date: 1920-09-14
Publication date: 1923-04-17
Anticipated expiration: 1940-04-17

Description

Filed Sept. 14 1920 5 SheetS-Shealz l i QQ l l@ NL HILL v un w: o l l l 'NE I@ fi l LA? w /%zx%]/er .//imeJ Apr. 317 i923.

M. HELLER METAL SCOURING AND UNGREASING DEVICE 55 Filed Sept. 14 1920 5 Shfszeis-r-Shesai'l 2 atente@ Apr.. l?, i923.

ttttl KELLER, F BERLIN-Olii BLQENBUIM "It METAL-SCOURING AND UNGREASING 1D Application led September 14, 1920. Serial Ito. ew.

(earn man rm raovrsrons or 'ma acr or manen a, rear, er naar. n., reta):

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAX HnLmR, manufacturer, a citizen of'Czechoslovakia, and residing at Berlin-Charlottenburg, Kantstr.

5 122, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Metal Scourin and Ungreasing Devices, for which I have led apphcation 1n Germany, Sept. 12, 1919, Serial No. H. 78,323, Patent No. 345,720, of which the following is a specication.

My invention relates to a metal-scouring and ungreasing device. In accordance withl my invention the parts to be scoured are treated, -.in a closed scouring-tank or the like withfhot liquids suchA as trichlorethylen (C2 C18) benzine, benzol, tetrachloride of carbon (CCL) etc. The scouring liquid is conducted from a collector into the scouring- 2 0 tank and is again drawn off after the scouring operation has been finished. Now, in order to secure a thorough drying of the articles so scoured, and in order to prevent an escape and therewith a loss of the vapours developed when heating the scouring-liquid on opening the scouring-tank for the purpose of taking out the articles scoured, the said scouring-tank is provided with a cooling-device adapted to cool the said tank or a part, preferably the bottom f thereof, after the scouring operation has terminated. The result of this arrangement will be that any vapours which may happen y to be still present in the tank will settle on the part 0f the tank cooled, while any moisture still existing on the scoured articles will evaporate for the reason that these articles, being still hot, will possess a higher temperature than the part of the tank yvhich has 'been cooled, so that the vapours developed in consequence will likewise deposit themselves 0n the said part in the form of a liquid. It will be noted that by proceeding in this manner, the loss of liquid will be rer duced to a minimum and that more-over the articles when taken out'of the tank will be perfectly dry. The scouring liquid, t which in the course of its application has been saturated with fats and mechanical impurities, may be recovered in a state of entire purlty by means of distillation, while the fatty impure matters constitute the residlilies remaining behind vin the alembic er sti The washing tanks are preferably separated into two parts by means of a partition,

the upper part servlng to accommodate the articles to be scoured, while the lower art is destined to secure a good running 0 of the scouring-liquid from the articles scoured, as also to receive the vapours which will settle across the whole area o'f the cooled bottom. 'llhe heating of the scouring-liquid may be e'ected by the direct heating ofthe scouring-tank. In order to avoid, however, the posslbility of the scouring-liquid being overheated and consequently, the boiling over thereof, and furthermore to enable the bottom of the scouring-tank to be quickl cooled after the scouring-liquid has run of?, it will be found more practiceable to heat the collector instead of the scourin -tank. rll`his will result in the scouring-liqui already heated up to the required de when it is being introduced from the co ector into the scouring-tank.

An additional feature of my invention resides in the fact that the scouring-liquid is arranged to continuously flow into the scouring-tank, so that the quantity of liquid cooling off on the metal to be scoured is immediately replaced by a fresh, hot supply. For the purpose, moreover, 0f keeping the liquid in constant circulation, it is introduced lnto the tank in a tangential direction.

In the event ofthe articles to be scoured being not only oily or greasy, but being also covered with dust, in particular such resulting from grinding, then obviously a simple washing of said articles in the liquid will frequently not effect a satisfactory cleaning thereof. In such cases, it will be found expedient in accordance with this invention to movably arrange the interiorparts of the scouring-tank, namely the sieves or frames containing the articles to be secured, and

being 'lov this in such wise that they may be put in rol tation either by hand or by mechanical means relatively to the scouring-liquid; the current thus provoked is sufficient to reliably 'remove even dust particles adhering tothe metal surfaces.

The scouringy and ungreasing of hollow bodies, such Aas coee-cans, tea-pots, and the like, generally proves very dificult, for the reason that the said articles can never beso disposed along the bottom of the devlce that when the scouring-liquid is introduced into the tank it will completely fill the said articles, and that the scouring-liquid does not entirely run out a ain therefrom when it is being discharged. t is an additional ob- 'ect of my invention to obviate this drawack by the provision of an air-vent plpe adapted to establish a communlcatlon between the interior of the hollow vessel to be scoured and the air of the atmosphere outside the scouring-tank or also present above the scouring-liquid while this latter is bemg introduced into said tank.

A further means to secure a satisfactory cleansing of such said hollow bodies consists in the bottoms on which these bodies are placed in the tank being so arranged as to allow of their being rocked, whereby the hollow articles contained thereon may be so turned after the scouring operation has been terminated that all the scouring-liquid will come to flow out. In this connection the said bottoms are so arranged that during the lilling in of the scouring-liquid they will assume such a position as to ensure any hollow vessels lodged in the tank to be completely filled with the said liquid so that they w1ll contain no vacant airspaces. To this end the bottom may be rocked by any approved means; the method most suitable which w1ll require no parts of a gearing to project through the wall portions of the device, will be the one in which the said movement is effected by the intervention of a oat.

WLhere hollow bodies require to be treated in the case of which it will not matter whether the outer surface thereof be slightly damaged or not, i. e., if bodies which, for example are to be subsequently, tin-coated, j apanned or enamelled, it will prove more expedient lto place them in a drum suspended in the scouring tank which is put in rotation after the scouring-liquid has been introduced into the tank and again after this latter has been drawn off on the conclusion of the scouring operation in order to lirst completely submerge the articles to be scoured in the said liquid and then just as completely to ensure the flowing oil' thereof.

In the case of small works, where only a comparatively slight number of parts are required to be scoured, or in cases where only a limitedspace is available so that large size installations cannot be made use of, a special form of construction will preferably be employed in the case of which the scour-4 ing-tank and the collector are so arranged as to be able to execute a movement in the vertical direction relatively to each other, in order to enable the scouring-liquid to flow from the one receptacle into the other without the intervention of a. pump, or the like.

Several embodiments of the subject matter of my invention are shown b way of example in the drawings annexedytothis specication and forming a part thereof, and in which l Fig. l is a diagrammatic view of the one embodiment of my invention,

Fig. 2 a section through the scouring-tank according to line 2 2 of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 is a view partly in vertical section of a modified form of construction thereof Fig. 4 a view partly in vertical section o a second modification of a scouring tank suitable for scouring hollow vessels,

Fig. 5 a cross-section through the structureaccording to line 5 5 of Fig. 4,

Figs. 6 and 7 views of two dill'erent means for suspending the hollow vessels to be scoured in the scouring-tank,

Fig.' 8 a view partly in vertical section of a modified form of construction of a scourin -tank suitable for scouring hollow artic es,

Fig. 9 a similar modiiication,

Fig. l0 is a sectional view according to l1ne1010 of Fig. 9,

Fig. 11 a view partly in vertical section view to Fig. 8 of a second .of an installation suitable for smallworks or where the space available is confined, and

lgs. 12 and 13 views illustrating two additional means for setting the collector accordlng to the construction shown in Fig. 11 in motion.

Referring to the drawings. In Fig. l the reference numeral 1 denotes a collector or receiver for the scouring-liquid which may be of any appropriate kind. Below the collector there is arranged a space 2 in which provided a heating device 3. The scourlng-liquid is conducted from the collector by means of a pump 4, operated by a lever 5, through a pipe 7 controlled by a 'valve G into the scouring-tank 8. The'said liquid rises in the scouring-tank and in so doing scours the articles or vessels contained therein, and after having risen to a sufficient extent returns through the overflow branch t) into the collector 1. r

yThe scouring operation having terminated, the scouring tank is drained by means of a pipe 21 adapted to be closed by a valve 10, the liquidthus drawn oil' flowing back into the collector. Above the collector there is arranged a condenser receiver 11. A pipe 12 extending from the scouring-tank serves to conduct the vapours developed in said tank into this receiver 11. A pipe 13 controlled by a valve 14 is provided for the purpose of conducting the liquid condensed in the receiver 11 back into the collector.

The repeated utilization of the liquid contained in the collector 1 gradually causes said liquid to be filled with grease and other impurities. For the purpose of removing llU maar

a' mpur'iea at uqna aferra opening the valve v'15 and cl the valve lied vapours thereupon ascendztu'g the -pilpe "22 into thecondenser-'iver 11,

w ere they are condensed and then-*tlcw l Y back, in the manner aforesaid into the eollector 1, while the i rities remain behind in the still and are subee uently drawn otf in turn by fme of a aincock, not shown in the, drawing.

The bottom 17 of the scouring tank 1s referably constructed so as to constitute a ouble-bottom, while being vat the same time connected to a cooling-water supply pipe 18. Asy soon as the scourin liqui has been drawn od at the end of t e scouring operation, the bottom 17 is thoroughly cooled by the opening of cooling-water supply pipe, as a result the portions of the scourm -liquid still present on the hot surfaces of t articles scoured evaporate quickly, and the vapours which fail to pass od' through the pipe 12 rapidly settle on the bottom 17 now cooled as aforesaid, so that the articles scoured, dry rapidly and may be removed from the scouring-tank in a perfectl dry state, while no loss of scouring-liqui will have taken place. l

The scouring-tank 8 may be divided by means of a fa se bottom 20 into'two: parte, and in-addition may be providedwith a detachable cover 19 to facilitate the putting in and taking out of the articles to be scoured.

These latter are placed on the false bottom 20 through which the scouring liquid can pass. The pipe 7 terminates underneath the bottom 20 and this, as disclosed'by Fig. 2 in a tangential direction, so that the liquid will encounter a very small resistance as it ilows into the tank and therefore is directly put in circulation. The tank gradually iills, the liquid in due course covering the articles or vessels to be scoured until it has finally mounted so high that it comes to at- N tain the overflow branch 9 through which it eventually flows back into the collector 1. The advantages secured by this arrangement are that fresh, hot scouring liquid is continuously umped out of the collector into the scouring tank and brought into intimate contact with the articles to be scoured; that the said liquid is kept in constant circulationin the tank, and, that from the very outset there is produced a strong motion even before the scouring-liquid has reached the articles to be scoured. If, for instance, the pipe 7 were arranged above the false bottom 20, then the liquid in entering would encounter the metal articles carried by said bottom and would thus be prevented from properly circulating. ln addition, since the space beneath the false bottom 20 would still be unoccupied, the

an other impuwould initially fall on enteri the l` whe 1- its circulation wdbe init- 0n 'te contry,by ente i from o the false bottom 2U, the liuia www with no ma le whver w may at once dart circulat.

liquid ln the event et t articles to be d not only i; asy.v or oily, but in addition wcovered with dust, in particular 5 such as is caused by grinding, then it will be found preferable to employ a scouring-tank cowructed on the lines laid down by li? 3. ln this modified form et construction tere 1s arranfged on the bottom ci the scouringtank a .cot-step bearing 23 within which a ein 2t is adapted to move. This pin 2t is fl" ed to a perforated disk or a cross or starshaped member 25, rovided with upwardly extending guide rods 26 or thev like. The

members

25, 26 practically term a trame into which circular sieves 27 y containing the articles to be scoured, may be inserted from ve. Thesesieves are constructed in the customary manner, and are provided with handles, abut-ments, or the like 28 arranged 1n' such a manner that the sieve ,which dll) happens to be on the top for the time being Y will come to rest on the handles or the like 2 8 ofthe sieveimmediately underneath, and will thus be ke t at a pro r distance therefrom. After t e sievcs 27 ave been inserted, there is placed a star or cross-shape 'cover 29, provided with a pin 30 projecting beyond the cover 19 of the scouring tank. This last-named pin is suitably packed in any appropriate manner to minimize any possible loss of the scouringl1qu1d. In this connection it will be found expedient to arran e on the one side of the cover 19 a funnel-s aped enlargement 31 to' enablepthe said cover to be easily itted upon the pin 30. This latter is provided at its unsupported end with a square-shaped head 32, or the like, adapted to accommodate a handle or crank 33. Y

By suitably rotating this crank, the entire frame along with the seves contained therein may be revolved whereb a powerful motion is provoked relatively;7 to the liquid. The crank 33 may, as preferred, be either constantly turned in one direction, or it may be alternately rocked to and fro, or else, after the liquid has been put in rotation, it may be suddenly stopped, and the like. lnstead4 of turning the crank by hand, it may of course, also be rotated by mechanical means, and in the like wa instead cfa rotator motion, a vertica motion in the axial recti0n, or a combinatian of both motions, such as, say a helical motion, may be employed. The point of essential importance for the 'invention is only that by reason of movable arrangement of the frame supporting the articles to be scoured there shall always be provoked a strong current interperforate plate or else a media-te the said articles and the scouring liquid.

A feature characterizing, the invention resides in the fact of the scouring liquid not beirlg heated in the scouring-tank, but in the collector. In those cases, however, where the liquid is heated by means of steam or steam coils, the heating contrivance may,of course, also be arranged in the scouringtauk proper, because in such a lcontingency there will be no liability of the bottom of the tank being heated to any excessive deree. g The devices disclosed in Figs. 4 to 10 serve for the scouring and ungreasing of hollow vessels or the like. In connection herewith the scouring tank 8 is provided with a special air-vent piping in order to draw off the air from the said hollow vessels. To this end there may be provided, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, say, for example,

annular pipes

34, 35, 36, etc., which are preferably disposed concentrically to each other and which may be interconnected to form a system by aid of connection pipes 37. The whole system is lodged at an incline,

-there being provided a discharge pipe 39 at the lowermost. point thereof extending through the scouring tank to the exterior and there terminating in a collector 40. This latter communicates with the discharge pipe 38 by intervention of a pipe adapted for its part to be shut by a cock 41. To the uppermost point of the system of concentrically disposed pipes there is connected a pipe 42 extending vertically upwards which either terminateswithin the scouring tank above the overflow pipe 9, or else may also be conducted out of the tank into the exterior. .On the

pipes

34, 35, 36 are mounted at suitable distances apart pipes 43 extending verti-A cally upward which terminate at the same height and on which the articles 44 to be scoured are placed upside down. If now the scouring liquid be admitted through the pipe 7, then it will gradually ascend within the .scouring-tank. By these means air b comes to be imprisoned in the articles or vessels 44. As the liquid continues to mount the air thus `imprisoned may be drawn oilz by the pipe 43 terminating within the vessels 44 and conducted downward into the corresponding annular pipe, and thence through pipe 42 so that now the liquid may rise in the said vessel as far as the bottom thereof, whereby a thorough scouring is effected.

Again, if it be desired to scour broad articles, such, for instance, as bread-baskets 48, or the like, then it will be found exedient to ix supports 45 on the pipes 43 y means of clamps, or the like, which supports may be of wire, or the like, and which will serve to maintain the said articles in a proper horizontal position.

y splurting,

.In a modified form of execution the rigid pipes 43 are replaced by iexible hose or tubes 46 connected tothe

annular pipes

34, 35, 36 at suitable points thereof, stationary standards 47 being erected on the perforated bottom 20 of the scouring tank, on the upper ends of which there is arranged a suitable contrivance for scouring thehose or tubes 46, say, for example, a hook or a double guide, or the like. It is understood, that the said standards 47 must all be of equal height. The advantage of this arrangement over and above that of rigidly fixed pipes 43, resides in the fact that the standards 47 may be disposed within the scouring tank according to requirement and that they consequently may serve to scour hollow bodies of divers sizes and utilizing the space available to best advantage.

As soon as the scouring liquid has mounted beyond the articles to be scoured, the pipes 43 and 47 respectively, and therewith also the annular pipes, begin to be filled with the liquid, as a result, in order to get the tank ready for a fresh scouring operation, the liquid must be primarily drawn oil' again from the said pipes. This is done after the scouring liquid has been allowed to run olf in the customary manner, by opening the cock 41 so that the liquid contained in the aforementioned pipes may now flow into the discharge pipe 38. The collector 40 is arranged for the purpose of receiving any remains of the liquid which may still happen to be in the pipes, as also such liquids which may have collected while the tank was being filled say, for instance, by by condensing of any vapours present, or the like.

This arrangement embodies the advantage that the interior of the vessel to be scoured is bound to be thoroughly cleansed, and this without the said vessel beino; with its outer surface brought intoany contact whatsoever with any sieves or the like, whereby the possibility of the exterior of the vessel eing in any way scratched is entirely obviated. It will be found that by means of this modified arrangement, vessels may be satisfactorily scoured, the interior of which is decorated with ornaments, such, for example, as bread baskets, or the like, since the dirt may be readily removed from such ornamental parts by turning the vessel face downwards. In such a case, as shown at 48 in Fig. 4 a basket so decorated is placed upside down on the respective air-vent-pipe or the standard 47, and then treated as hereinbefore specified, the results obtained being the best imaginable.

It is obvious that in the place of arranging the pipes in a circle, any other arrangement whatsoever may be resorted to; as a rule this will depend upon the shape of the articles to be scoured; for the majority of meneer the scouring liquid let in, but they were lifted u and beganv to float about in the tank. nd only after the entire tank was filled with the scouring liquid were they completely immerged therein. Besides, while ioating about, the parts frequently rubbed against each other causing their surfaces to be damaged. All this cannot occur when employing the improved scouring tank constructed' lin accordance with my invention,

because in no case are the articles or vessels.

to be .scoured liable to float about in the tank.

In the forms of construction illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, the system of pipes according to Figs. 4 and 5 is omitted. In the place of this system, there is provided for erc'h hollow vessel 44 requiring to be scoured an approximately U-shaped pipe 50, one limb of which is somewhat longer than the other. The vessel 44 is tilted on the shorter limb, while the longer limb projects beyond the level of the scouring liquid. By these means, the air is free to esca e from the said vessel as the scouring liquid enters. The pipes 50 are suspended to crossrods 51, or the like, and they may, to this end be fitted out with hooks or similar contrivances, or

. scoured are intended to be placed, are adapted to rock about axes 55. The said axes are lodged beyond the centre of the tank so that therefore the said bottoms tend to swin around their axes in the direction denote by the arrow. The bottoms 53 are preferably provided with recesses or apertures serving to retain the hollow vessels 54 about to be scoured in the proper position. As shown in the drawing, the salcl articles are laid flat on the bottom. While the tank is as yet empty, the bottoms assume the inclined position marked in full lines in the drawing, their right hand side being now the heavier and therefore sinking downwards. A oat 56 is xed to the heavier side of the bottoms. If now the scouring liquid is caused to How into the tank through the pipe 7, then, owing to the' provision of the float 56, the bottous begin to turn in a sense counter to that denoted by the arrow and finally come to assume' a position in which their left hand section bears down on steps or abutments 57. The bottoms being 'in this position, the hollow vessels to be 'scoured will for their part be so disposed as to enable them to fill themselves completely with the scouring-liquid,

so that they will contain no interveningl spaces filled with air. After the scouring operatlon has terminated, the scouring liquid is drawn ofi' again; the float will consequently now sink until when the liquid has been entirely drained `off the Abottoms again assume the ositions indicated in full lines and 1n which the vessels are so disposed as to cause their entire contents to now run out.

While the drawing discloses two bottoms 53, 1t is obvious,that,if preferred, more than two such oscillatingbottoms may be arranged, the one above the other; or even only one. Besides, the bottoms may be arranged to be exchangeable, in that, for instance, the axes '54 are adapted to be drawn out, or by the said axes being lodged in bearings open on top, or by similar means, and this for the purpose of being able to use each time bottoms the recesses or openings in which are disposed in conformity with the varyin shapes of the hollow vessels to be scoure The bottoms themselves are preferably made of a material which will not be liable to injure the metal vessels about to be sloured; brass, copper, aluminum will be found to be the metals most suitable for this purpose; in addition, however, the bottoms may be covered with a thin layer of a soft material to act as a protection.

The stops or abutments 57, as also any additional stops 58 which may possibly be provided in order to limit the rotation of thebottoms in the direction denoted by the arrow, may for its part be arranged to be adjustable for the purpose of rendering it possible to regulate the. terminal positions of the bottoms in conformity with the shapes of the hollow vessels to be scoured.

A main feature of my invention resides in the fact thats-and this is most essentialon completion of the scouring operation all the scouring-liquid is withdrawn from' the scouring tank and that thus no residues of scouring liquid or of objectionable gases will enter into the workshop. To this end it is necessary that the bottom, after the scouring operation has terminated, shall assume the position indicated in full lines in the drawlng; it is of less importance that the interior of 'the hollow vessels shall be always completely filled with the scouring liquid since the liquid will always develop vapours liti I which will effect the scouring ofany minor parts in the interior of the hollow vessels to which no liquid has penetrated. For this reason there will be secured in certain cases a fairly suflicient scourin even if the final position of the bottom, a r the liquid has been filled in, be not at an incline, but, horizontal or, it may be, even slightly inclined in the opposite direction.

Where hollow vessels enter into consideration, in the case of which it will not much matter whether `the external surface thereof be slightly injured in the scouring or not, i. e. vessels which are subsequently to be either tin coated, japanned, or enameled, then it will be found preferable to em loy the more simple arrangement disclosed in Figs. 9 and 10. In the construction here shown, there is arranged a drum 60 in the scouring tank 59, which drum is provided in the known manner with an openmg adapted to be closed, and through which the articles or parts to be scoured are inserted. This is preferably done before the drum itself is placed in the tank. After that the drum is shut, the cover 61 of the tank removed, and the drum inserted.

To facilitate this, the tank is provided on one side with a bearing 62, having a slot, into which the drum is fit-ted by aid of a pin 63. On the opposite side of the tank is arranged a hand wheel or the like, 64, the shaft of which is adapted to engage the shaft 65 of drum 60 by means of a square-headed member, so that by rotating the hand-wheel 64 the drum will be revolved.

After the drum containing the vessels or parts to be scoured has been inserted in the tank, this latter is closed by means of the cover 61, whereupon the duly heated scouring-liquid is pumped into the tank by the pump. Now the drum is set in rotation, lthe articles or parts in the drum being thereby so jumbled together that reven hollow vessels among them will come to be so diversely positioned that every part of their surfaces will be brought in contact with the liquid. The scouring-operation being completed, the scouring liquid is discharged through the pipe 66 into the collector, the drum continuing to be rotated meanwhile so that all the remains of the liquid which may be still happen to be in any hollow parts or vessels, will e withdrawn therefrom and enabled to run 0ut.` It is understood that the drum is constructed in the manner of a sieve or provided with apertures to facilitate the entry and exit of the scouring liquid.

Finally, Figs. 11 to 13 disclose an installation, specially suitable for small works or such where only a limited space is available. In this modified form of execution 67 delnotes the scouring-tank, the interior of which may be arranged in any appropriate manner to accommodate the articles to be scoured. In this case, elther the bottomalone, or else the entire tank 67 is doublewalled in order to allow of a suitable cooling. The cooling water is admitted at 68 intermediate the double walls of the tank and flows out again at. 69. The tank 67 is shown as being arranged stationary on a board, or the like 70. In this construction the collector. 71 for the liquid is movably arranged, being, for example, suspended by a rope 72 running across rollers 73, 74 and supporting a counter-weight 80. Below the collector 1s arranged a heating contrivance 75, which is either stationaryor else adapted to be raised and lowered with the collector 71.

Collector and scouring-tank are interconnected by two

flexible pipings

76, 79. The pipe 76 terminates in the tank, close to the bottom thereof, whereas at the collector end it terminates somewhat above the bottom of this latter. The closure of this pipe is effected by means of cocks 77, 78; however, in many cases, one such cock may alone be deemed sufficient. The other pipe 79 terminates close to the cover of both receptacles; here, too, there may be provided a cock 90 to effect the closure of said pipe, though this is not absolutely essential for the efficient working of the device. To conclude, the collector 71 is fitted out with a cock 81, for the 'discharge of deposits.

The manner of operation of the device is Y as follows: When the scouring operation starts, the tank 67 is empty. Now, the cover 82 thereof is removed and the articles to be scoured are placed in the tank, whereupon the cover is replaced, and, after the cocks 77, 78 have been opened, the collector 71 is raised to such an extent that the scouringliquid may readily How from said collector through the pipe 76 into the scouring-tank 67. During this operation, the cock must, of course, be open in order that in the same degree as the liquid passes from the collector 71 into the tank 67, the air will be enabled to escape out of this latter through the pipe 79 into the collector 71. As soon as the scouring operation has terminated the collector 71 is lowered to such an extent again that now the entire liquid will be'able to return to it from the. tank. Hereupon this latter is cooled in the manner described so that any vapours still present may settle in the form of scouring-liquid; then, say after the cocks 77 78 have been closed the cover 82 is again removed and the articles scoured are taken out.

The purifying of .the scouring-liquid. which has been gradually filled with greasy matter and other impurities, is carried out in the following manner: After the cock 77 has been closed, the collector is raised and the liquid contained therein is boiled. The vapours developedcock 90 being open- CII flow through pipe 79 intolthe tank 67 into which they are admitted by the intervention of a detachable steam distributing pipe 83, where they finally settle in the shape of the :urified liquid. The entire liquid contained 1n the collector having been Veva orated in this way, the residues of oil or ot er deposits remaining behind are discharged by aidof cock 81.

The device for raising and lowering the collector 71 may be of any approved kind. In the place of the suspension-arrangement by means of a rope, and as shown in Fig. 1-1, a contrivance of the kind illustrated by way of example in Fig. 12 may be employed, according to which the collector 71 is fixed to a two-armed lever 84 adapted to rock about an axis 85 lodged in a stationary support 86. The unattached arm of this lever constitutesl a handle 87 and in addition supports a counterweight 88 which latter is preferably adjustable and serves to counterbalance the Weight of the collector 71.

By raising or lowering the handle 87, the collector 71 in this construction comes to be raised or lowered in its turn.

It is obvious, that if deemed more feasible the arrangement may be reversed, and the collector 71 be adapted to be stationary and the tank 6.7 to be raised and lowered; or else, both these receptacles may be arranged to move by their being mounted as shown, for example, in Fig. 13, on a linked quadrilateral 89 adapted to oscillate on the knifeedges 91. The chief point herein is only that the two receptacles shall be enabled to carry out a lifting and lowering motion rela-- tively to each other and therewith avoid the necessity of arranging a special pump.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention, what I claim is:

1. A metal scouring and ungreasing de- A vice of the type described comprising in combination, a collector ada ted to contain the scouring liquid; a close scouring tank to receive the articles to be scoured; a condenser; means for heating the scouring liquid; means for conducting the liquid from the collector to the scouring tank, and vice versa; a pipe for conducting the vapours existing in the tank to the condenser; and a valve-controlled pipe connecting said condenser and collector.

2. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described comprising in combination, a collector adapted to contain the scouring liquid; a closed scouring tank to receive the articles to be scoured; a condenser; means for heating the scouring liquid; means for conducting the liquid from the collector to the scouring tank, and vice versa; means for effecting the distillation of the used scouring liquid; means for conduct'.- ing the liquid into the still; a pipe for conducting the vapours evolved within the still to the condenser; and a pipe connecting said condenser and collector.

3. A metal'scouring and ungreasing device of the type described comprising in combination, a collector adapted to contain the scourin liquid; a closed scouring tank to receive t e articles to be scoured; means for heating the scouring liquid; a condenser; a st1ll means for alternately conducting the scouring liquid from the collector into the scouring tank and the still; a ipe for conducting the vapours evolved within the still tothe condenser; and a pipe connecting said condenser and collector.

.4. In a metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described, a closed scouring tank receiving the articles to be scoured; an inlet and an outlet for the scouring liquid; and cooling means suitable to be put into action after the scouring liquid has been drawn oil in order to eii'ect condensation of any vapours rising from the scouring tank which have been developed by the evaporation of the liquid-particles adhering to the hot scouring tank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles.

5. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described comprising in combination, a closed scouring tank for receiving the articles to be scoured; an inlet and an outlet for the scouring liquid; and cooling means adapted to cool a part of the scouring tank after the scouring liquid has been drawn 0H in ordervto produce a condensation of any vapours rising from the scouring tank which have been developed by the evaporation of the liquid particles adhering to the hot scouring tank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles.

6. In a metal scouring andungreasing device of the type described, a closed scouring tank having a space adapted to receive the articles to be scoured, and a lower discharge space for the scouring-liquid.

7. In a metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described, a closed scouring tank having a space adapted to receive the articles to be scoured, anda lower discharge space for the scouring liquid; and a foraminous shelf for separating the discharge space from the article receiving space.

8. In a metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described, a closed scouring tank having a space adapted to receive the articles to be scoured and a lower discharge space for the scouringI liquid; and means for introducing the scouring liquid into thesaid lower space in a tangential direction.

10.A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the ty e described com rising in combination a dloscd scouring tan adapted to receive the articles to be scoured; an 1nlet and an outlet for the scouring liquid; a collector; means whereby the scouring liquid may continue to flow from ythe vcollectoi` into thetank during the whole scourin operation; and an overflow i `provided near the upper end of the ta t ugh which the excess liquid flows continuously back into the collector. v

11. AA metal scouring and ungreasiiig d e' vice ofthe type described comprising in combination, a collector adapted to contain the scouring liquid; a closed scourmtankto receive the articles to be scoured; a eating ap aratus adapted to heat the 4scouring liquid) within the collector; means for permit# ting the hot' scouring liquid to continue tollow from the collector into the tank duringv the whole scouring operation; and an overprovided near the upper end of ilow pi the tanke through which the excess hquid is continuously led back to the collector. Y

12. Ametal scouring and ungreasingvdevice of the type described comprising in combination, a collector adapted to contain the scouring liquid; a closed scouring tank having an .upper space for accommodating the articles to be scoured and a lower discharge space for the scouring liquid; a heating apparatus to heat the scouring liquid within the collector; and means for intro- 'ducing the hot scouring liquid into the said lower space in a tan ntial direction.

13. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described, comprising in combination, a collector ada ted to contain the scourin liquid; a close scouring tank to receive t e articles to be scoured; means for heating the scouring liquid within the collector; means for conducting the hot scouring liquid lfrom the collector to the scouring tank and vice versa; and coolingr means adapted to cool a part of the scouring tank after the scouring liquid has been drawn off in order to effect a condensation of any vapours rising from the scouring tank which have been developed by the evaporation of the liquid particles adhering to the hot scourin tank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles.

14. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described comprising in combination, a closed scouring tank having an inlet and an outlet for the scouring liquid; a frame disposed within the tank and adapted to support the articles to be scoured, said frame being arranged movable relatively to the scourinxgktank and scouring liquid* Awithin the ta and cooling means adapted to cool a part of the scouring'tank after 'the scourin oiin order to e ect a condensation of an vapours rising 'from the scouring tank whic have been developed by the evaporation of the liquid articles adhering to the hot scouring tan and hot surfaces ofthe scoured articles.

15.4 A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the t e described comprising in combination a c osed scouring tank having an inlet al1v an outlet for the scouring liquid; a frame disposed within the `tank andadapted to support the articles to be scoured, said `frame` being arranged so as to rotate about its axis and cooling means adapted to cool -a part of the scourin tank after the scourin liquid has been, awn of in order to e ect a condensation of any vapours rising from the scouring tank which have been developed by the evaporation of the liquid particles adhering to the hot scouring tank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles.

' 16. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described comprising in combination, a closed scouring tank having an inlet and an outlet for the scouring liquid; a frame disposed within the tank and adapted to support platforms of foraminous material adapted to contain the articles to be secured said frame being arranged'movable relatively to the scouring tank and scouring liquid within the tank and cooling means ada ted to cool a part of the scouring tank a r the scouring liquid has been drawn oi in order to eiect a condensation of any va urs rising from the' scouring tank whicliiohav'e been, developed by the eva eration of the liquid particles adhering to t e hot scouring tank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles..

17. A metal scouring and ungreasing device of the type described comprising in combination, a closed scouring tank having an inlet and an outlet for the scouring liquid; a drum adapted to receive hollow articles to be scoured, to be inserted in the scourin tank; means for rotating the drum while t e scouring liquid flows into the scouring tank and after the latter has been drawn oif and cooling means adapted to cool a part of the scourin tank after the scourin liquid has been girawn off in order to e ect a condensation of any vapours rising from the scouring tank which have been developed by the evaporation of the liquid particles adhering to the hot scouring tank and hot surfaces of the scoured articles.

In testimony whereof I have aixed my signature.

MAX HELLER.

liquid has vbeen drawn