US1450631A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

Apr. 3, 1923. v 1,450,631 J. F. HIGGINS BURNER Filed May 28, 1920 2 sheets-sheet 1 v I:- l/

HIGGINS BURNE Filed May 28, 1920 2 sheets-sheet: '2

' pellant fluid. under pressure,

Patented Apr. 3, 1923.

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JAMES F. HIGGINS, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, ASSIGNOR T0 THE ROGERS- HIGGINS 00., -INC., OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, A CORPOBATION OF LOUISIANA.

Application filed May 28,

T 0 (all. whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JAMES F. HIGGINS, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Orleans, in t-heparish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.

"This invention relates to devices for use in connection with combustion of fuel in a fluent state in a furnace or other place where heat is desired, and it pertains particularly to appliances through which oil or other fluent fueland anatomizing and pro such as steam, are passed and discharged into a firebox or other place of combustion.

It is an object of the invention to provide a device of this kind so arranged that the stream of, fuel will be mingled with, and have a rotary motion imparted thereto within. the tip of the device and before discharge therefrom, by the other fluid,.in order that atomizing action may be initiated before expansion and diminution of pressure in the latter fluid, whereby complete mixing and atomization are obtained.

Further, the device is of such formation that the flow of fuel is regulated near the point of discharge, thereby insuring more satisfactory atomization and avoiding such loss of pressure as occurs when flow is regulated at a point outside of the device or at a point therein distant, from the place of emis- Among other advantages of the device provided by the invention are that it has few wearing parts, it can be kept clean While in operation and withoutdiscontinuance of use, and it has an air-chamber arranged to insure an even flow of fuel.

When read in connection with the description herein, the details of construction and arrangement of parts provided by the in vention will beapparent fromthe accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, wherein an embodiment of the invention in a burner adapted for discharge of steam and fuel-oil in an atomized state is disclosed, for purposes of illustration.

While the disclosures hereinv now are con-, sidered to exemplify a preferable embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that it is not theintention tobe limited neces- BURNER.

1920. Serial No. 385,021.

Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal sectionalview; i

Fig. 3 is a tranverse sectional view on the line 38, Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a tranverse sectional view on the line 4l4;, Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a view of the discharge end;

Fig. 6 is a view of the discharge end, the

cap being omitted Fig. 7 'is' a view of the valve end of the valve-stem.

Having InO 'e particularreference to the drawings. 8 designates a hollow member having therein an oil-chamber .9 provided with one or more inletslO, and a steam-chamber 11 provided with one or'more'inlets 12,the inlets being screw-threaded for reception of supply-pipes and. closing-plugs, and the chambers being separated from each other by a transverse partition 13.

An outer elongated casing 14: is secured to the member 8 and extends from the steamchamber and is in communication therewith, this casing preferably being of tubular form and screwed at one end into a threaded opening in one end of the m embei, and at the other or discharge. end it is exteriorly threaded and has screwed thereon a cap 15 formed with a central" circular opening 16. The cap constitutesan extensionof the casing, and. itsmaterial affords an end wall that closes the end of the casing except at the opening 16.

lVithin the outer casing, and positioned concentrically with respect thereto, is an inner casing 17, which exten'ds'froin the oilchamber nearly to the discharge end of the outer casing, the inner casing also preferably being of tubularform and screwed at one end into the partition 13, and itso differs in size from the outer casing as to afford suflicient space between the walls forv passage of an teriorly threaded, as shown at 18, and an interiorly-threaded cylindrical nozzle member 19 is screwed on that end and constitutes a part of the casing, the combined thickness of the reduced portion of the casing and of the enveloping portion of the nozzle member being the same as that of the main portion of the casing, whereby an unobstructed and uniform passage for steam between the two casings is afforded throughout the length thereof.

In its outer end portion, the nozzle member has a tip portion 20, which extends into the dischargeopening 16 of the cap, and the cap is milled out inside around that opening to provide a seat to receive a part of the nnreduced portion of the nozzle member, as shown at 21. The arrangement is such that, as the cap is turned onto the end of the outer casing, it may be brought snugly against the end of the nozzle member and caused to form a tight joint therewith.

A comparatively small dischargeorifice 22 leads from the interior of the nozzle member centrally into into a larger circular mixing-chamber 23. which is open'to the end of the member. Steam is directed from the space between the two casings through straight passages 24 to the mixing-chamber.

Each of these passages is between straight side Walls that are substantially parallel to each other andtothe diameter of the orifice and chambenbut the axis of the passage is not coincident with the diameter. Thus the passages are eccentric with respect to the orificaand steam discharged through them into the chamber strikes the stream of oil from the orifice off center in the chamber and imparts rotary motion thereto.

Owing to the fact that actionof the steam on the oil commences in the chamber before there is much, if any, diminution of pressure as a result of expansion, that action is more forcible and effective than where it commences after discharge from a nozzle,

. and oil and steam already mixed are discharged from this burner with a whirling motion. The result is that the fuel and steamare thoroughly mixed, there is complete atomization of the fuel, and there is avoidance of liability of the fuel reaching the combustion place in an unatomized condition.

The interior wall of the nozzle member converges from the threaded portion that envelopes the inner casing to the orifice 22. A valve 25 afforded by the pointed end of a valve-stem 26 cooperates with the converging wall to control flow of oil through the orifice, and the point of the valve extends slightly into the orifice when the valve is closed and nearly closed. The point is formed with sharp-edge ridges or corrugations 27 arranged, when the stem is turned, to scrape the wall of the orifice and to keep it free of sediment or other matter that may have a tendency to accumulate thereon.

The valve-stem extends from its pointed end through the inner casing and oil-chamber and the rear wall of member 8 and an extension 8 thereof, and it is threaded in its portion lying in a threaded passageway 28 in the wall and extension. By manipulating a wheel 29 on the free end of the stem, the latter may be turned to move the valve 25 toward and from the converging walls of the nozzle member, and thus flow of oil through the orifice 22 may be controlled immediately at the orifice. The extension 8 has a cap 30 screwed thereon and inclosing packing 31 surrounding the valve-stem, to prevent escape of oil that may have a tendency to work out through the threads of the stem.

When the burner is to be used, a pipe 32 closed at its outer end by a cap, or some other suitable member, inclosing an air-chamber, is coupled into one of the inlets to the oilchamber, a supply-pipe 33 having a contr0lvalve 34 is coupled into another of those inlets, a supply-pipe 35 having a control-valve 36 is coupled into one of the inlets to the steam-chamber, a by-pass pipe 37 having a control-valve 38 extends from pipe 35 and is coupled into one of the inlets to the oilchamber, and plugs 39 close the inlets not in use, it being understood that the supplypipes lead from suitable sources of supply of fuel and steam.

The several valves are manipulated to admit the fluids to the burner and to permit their discharge therefrom in the quantities and proportions required to meet varying demands of service. The air-chamber within member 32, which opens to the oil-chamber 9, functions to insure an even flow of fuel through the inner casing 17 by taking up any pulsations that may be present in the oil-supply line as a result of operation of a pump or of any other action.

Normally, the valve 38 in the by-pass is closed; oil under a suificient head is admitted to the oil-chamber and passes therefrom through the inner casing and out through the orifice 22; and steam under sufficient pressure to insure atomization of the oil and the proper projection of the mixture from the burner is admitted to the steam-chamber and passes through the outer casing and the passages 24 to the mixingchamber 23, where it acts on the oil in the manner hereinbefore described.

Sometimes, on account of the character of the fuel being used,'or to meet particular demands of service, or for other reasons, it is desirable to admit some steam to the oilchamber, where it will mingle with the fuel before it reaches the mixing-chamber 23. In such a case, the required amount of steam may be admitted directly to the oi1-chamber through the by-pass 37 by manipulating valve 38. Moreover, when it is desired to blow all oil out of the burner, before removal from the place of use or at any other time, or when it is desired to use steam for cleaning the oil-passages in the burner, the valve 3 L in the oil-supply pipe 33 may be closed and the by-pass valve opened.

While the burner has been explained particularly herein in connection with the use of fuel-oil and steam, the invention is not limited in its employment to those fluids, as it may be used successfully with other fuels in fluent form and with other fluids as atomizing and propelling agents.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a burner, an outer tubular casing .having a threaded end, a cap screwed on said end and having a central opening, an inner tubular casing spaced from said outer casing, and a nozzle on said inner casing arranged to be engaged by said cap and having a tip portion extending into said opening, there being a mixing-chamber in the outer end of said nozzle, an orifice leading from the interior of the nozzle to said chamber, and passages leading from the space between the two casings to said chamber.

2. In a burner, an outer tubular casing, a closing-cap on the discharge end of said casing having a central opening, an inner tubular casing spaced from said outer casing, and a nozzle on said inner casing having a tip portion extending into said opening, therebeing a mixing-chamber in said tip portion, a passage leading concentrically from the interior of the nozzle to said mix-- ing-chamber, and passages leading from the space between the two casings to said mixing-chamber, said passages being straight and located eccentrically with respect to said chamber.

3. A burner comprising an outer casing having at the discharge end a closing-wall formed with an opening, an inner casing the space between the two casings into the I mixing-chamber.

4. A burner comprising an outer casing having at the discharge end a closing-wall formed with a central opening and having on its inside a seat surrounding said open- .ing, an inner casing spaced from said outer casing, and a nozzle on the discharge end of said inner casing, having its outer end disposed snugly in said seat and a tip portion disposed snugly in said opening, said tip portion COIltHlIllIlg a mixing-chamber and there being a discharge-orifice in the nozzle extending from'the interior thereof to said mixing-chamber, and said nozzle having passages extending from the space between the two casings to the mixing-i chamber.

5. A burner comprising a head containing chambers separated by a transverse partition, means for supplying fluent materials to said chambers, an outer casing extending from one of said chambers and having at its outer end a closing-wall formed with an opening, an inner casing mounted in said partition extending from the other chamber into said outer casing, there being a space between said casings, and a nozzle on the discharge end of said inner casing having a tip portion fitting snugly into said opening, said tip portion containing a mixingchamber and there being a discharge orifice in the nozzle extending from the interior thereof to said mixing-chamber, and said nozzle having passages extending from the space between the two casings to said mixing-chamber.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

JAMES F. HIGGINS.

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