US1436526A - Hydrocarbon still - Google Patents

Description

J C. POOL.

HYDROCARBON STILL.

:.PPLlcATloN FILED FEB,'18.1920.

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- J' CORIBLEY POOL, OF SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-HALF TO W. JB.

Patented Nov. 2l, w22..i

POOLE, OF SANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA.

Hxnaocaaon STILL.

' Application led February 18, 1920. Serial No. 359,505.

To all whom it may concern v Be it known that `I,- J CORBLEY POOL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Santa Barbara, in the county of Santa Barbara and State of California, have invented certain -neW and useful Improvements in a Hydrocarbon Still, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates generally to limprovements in apparatus for effecting fractional distillation of hydro-carbon oils, and more particularly the invention aims to produce a maximum quantity of gasoline and motor oils from a given quantity of crude petroleum.

Among other and equally important objects of the invention are: to provide means ,whereby the formation of cakel in a still 'will be decreased to prevent, among other things, the burning out of the still; to improve upon prior means for heating the still to attain a maximum heating efiiciency for a given amount of fuel; to effect direct and continuous removal of sludge, tar and residuum from the still during the process of, distillation; to provide for the direct return of all hydrocarbon distillates of a speciiic 'gravity greater than gasoline to the still for re-distillation` or re-crackingg to attain positive regulation of pressure within the various elements of the apparatus; and to improve upon prior methods and apparatus for isolating the desired distillates.

In order to define the invention in general terms it is pointed out that the still is arranged at an incline to the furnace and communicates at its lower end with a storage tank for receiving sludge, tar and other residuum. Extending through the still are heating tubes and the exterior walls of the still are spaced from the walls of the furnace to effect a return draft tothe chimney in order to attain a maximum eiliciency of the furnace. Communicating with the upper end of the still is a vapor dome or tower. to permit condensation and ,return of the heavierhydro-carbons to the still, and connected with the vapor dome or tower is a primary condenser provided with baflle plates associated with heatingelements and divided into compartments for isolating the desired distillates. In the primary condenser the heavier hydro-carbons are drained back to the still, the gasoline and naphtha tapped to storage tanks, and the lightest 56 vapors carried to a secondary condenser having` atmospheric temperature and pressure. e or the purpose of illustrating this invention, there is shown in the accompanying drawings one form thereof which is at 60 present preferred, since the same has been found in practice to give satisfactory and reliable results, although it'is to be understood that the various instrumentalitiesof which the invention consists can be variously arranged and organized and that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organiz-ation of these instrumentalities as herein shown and described 4 y In the drawings Figure l is a side elevation of the apparatus in its entirety showing the furnace and still in section.

Figure 2 is a view on the line 2-2 of 75 I Figure l.

Figure 3 is a view on the line 3 3 ure l.

Figure 4 is a view on the line 4 4 of Figure l.

Figure 5 is `an enlarged longitudinal section taken through the primary condenser.

Figure 6 is a detail view of one of the bailie plates and heating elements of the condenser, and

Figure is a view of another of the baffle plates and heating elements which constitute also a partition for dividing the primary condenser into compartments.

In the drawings wherein like'characters 90 of reference indicate like or similar parts A designates the fire box of a furnace which in this instance is provided with a v communicating chamber 5 adjacent the rear wall 6 of the iire box and between which 95 and the fire box is arranged a foraminated or slotted arch 7 fori breaking the flame blast. Extending into the chamber 5 is a recording pyrometer for an obvious purpose. Adjacent the upper end of the cham 100 ber 5 'the front wall of the furnace is enlarged as at 8 and arranged atan. incline to the chamber and with its end resting u on the enlargement 8 `and upon the rear wa 1 6 of the frebox is a still B.

The portion of thel furnace to the rear and above the l're box is built out as at C and has a central cavity 9 of greaterL size than of Figthe still B which is arrangedtherein so that the heated air which passes through the open heating' tubes 1'0 arranged longitudinally and extending from end to end of the still will pass out the upper ends thereof, around the outside of the still and up into the smoke chamber 11 of the furnace which communicates with the chimney D. As

clearly illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 the spaces between the still and the walls of the cavity 9A have arranged therein casings 12 which conform toy the shape of the spaces and serve to support the still in addition to protecting thewalls thereof ,and the walls of the cavity. The upper portion of the wall of the still lies against the walls of the cavityy and the upper end of the still terminates short of the end wall of the cavity.

A manhole 13 having a cover 14 is arranged re'arbportion of the rear wall 6 of the furnace is a settling or storage tank E for receiving sludge, tar and other residuum for the still. The peculiar arrangement of the settling tank E permits the sludge or tar to pass directly thereto from the still during the process of distillation and the inclination of the still and arrangement of the heatingapparatus greatly decreases the formation of cake therein. A recording pyrometer and a manhole 1'5 are arranged in the settling tank E,

v and an outlet pipe 16 having a valve 17 comi municates therewith for draining its con-l tents. \Furthermore, as the still "will probably be operated under pressure a pressure line communicates therewith and is provided with a recording dial 18 of the usual type;-

while a manhole 19 permitsfcleaning the still when it is so desired.

Communicating withthe still B at a point adjacent the upper end thereof is a vapor dome' or tower F which in turn communicates wlth a primary condenser G through 'a conduit 20, and extendin `through the l wall of the tower or dome an passing to the still is a crude oil supply pipe 21. In operation the vapors ar1s1ng from the still pass upwardly into the dome or tower F where the heavier vapors condense and the lighter vapors pass on through the conduit 20 to the primary condenser G.

The primary condenser G has arranged therein balie plates 22 and 23 extending respectively from the top and bottom of the a steam inlet pipe 26 extending to a boiler (not shown), and each coil branch is provided with a valve 27 for regulating the admission of steam to the several coils in order to attain different temperatures in the various compartments to produce the desired distillates. A plurality of recording pyrometers 28 are also provided, one of eachv of which communicates with each of the several compartments. The dead steam is carried olf by a pipe line 29 which may lead to a superheater (not shown) if desired. Communicating with each of the compartments lthrough the bottom portion of the condenser are outlet pipes 30 which communicate with adrain pipe-31 extending to the still for returning residuum and the heavier hydrocarbons for redistillation or cracking, and in each outlet pipe is carried a valve 32. As the heaviest hydro-carbons are designed to be condensed in compartments Ga and Gb they are immediately carried to the still for redistillation, but as the gasoline, naphtha,

etc., are condensed in compartments, GC, Gd,

Gre and Grt branch conduits 33 are tapped into outlet pipes 30 of these compartments above the valves 32, so that upon closing the valves 32 these distillates will immediately be carried to the storage tanks indicated in Figure l and designated for the sake of clarity by the numerals 34. With reference to the foregoing it is to be understood that *the temperature in the several compartments may be regulated b the valves 27 to produce the desired disti ates; these temperatures being indicated by the recording pyrometers 28.

A secondary condenser H is connected with the rear end of the primary condenser by a conduit 35 which has mounted thereon a pressure gage 36and a relief valve 37; it being desirable to reduce the pressure to normalor atmospheric pressure after the remaining vapors leave the primary condenser. The secondary condenser is formed with a plurality of coils 38 formed by bends in the conduit 35 and these coils are at atmospheric temperature and pressure in order to condense and carry olf the remaining distillates from the primary condenser after the gasoline or #l and #2 distillates, and

the naphthas, 45 and 50 have been removed. v

No storage tank is shown in conjunction with the vsecondary condenser I-I but it is to be understood that the conduit discharges into a suitable storage tank at some other point in the vicinity of the apparatus.

In o eration, the crude oil is admitted to the stil B through pipe 21 and as thehot air blast passes through the tubes 10 and about.` the still through the flue or cavity 9 the process of distillatlon takes place, vapors rise within the dome or tower F and the lifrhter vapors are carried through the conduit 20 to the primary condenser G. The heavier vapors in the dome or tower F are condensed and return to the still for redistillation or re-cracking and tar, sludge and other residuum settles to the tank Upon entering the primary condenser G (in which the temperature in the respective compartments Ga, Gb, G, Gd, Ge and Gt have been regulated through manipulation of valves 27) the heavier distillates are condensed in compartments Ga and Gb and are 'carried to the still B through the drain pipe 3l, while gasoline (#1 and #2 distillates) is condensed in compartments Gc and Gd and 45 and 50 naphtha is condensed in compartments Ge and G and are subsequently carried of through pipes 33 to storage tanks 34.-, it being understood that valves 32 are closedbelow the conduits or pipes 33. All

other and lighter vapors are carried through ing, it is thought that a clear and comprehensive understanding of the construction, operation, and advantagesof the invention may be had, but while I lhave shown and described the device as embodying a specific structure, I desire it to be understood that such changes may be made in thel structure, as do .not depart from the of the invention as claimed.

whereupon the l spirit and scope What I claim is: e 1. In a distilling and 'condensing apparatus, a furnace, an inclined still having its lower end positioned over the mouth of said furnace, means comprising fire tubes extending longitudinally through the still for directing the heated air from the furnace to the lower end of the still, then through the still to the upper end thereof est4 and then downwardly around the outside v of said still, and a settling tank communicating directly with said still and positioned without said furnace and out of contact with the heated gases from said furnace.

2. In a distilling and condensing apparatus, a furnace, an inclined still having its lower end positioned over the mouth of said furnace, means for directing the heated air from the furnace to the lower end of the still, then through the still to the upper end thereof and then downwardly around the outside of said still, a settling tank communicating directly with said still and positioned without said furnace and out of contac't with the heated gases from said furnace, a vapor dome 'connected with said still, means extending through said vapor dome and into said still vfor delivering crude oil to said still, and a condenser for vapors issuing from the still connected with said vapor dome. l

3. In an oil cracking and distilling apparatus, a furnace, an inclined sti-ll having its lower end positioned over the mouth of said furnace, means for directing the heated air from the furnace to the lower end of the still, then. through the still to the upper end thereof and then downwardly around they outside of' said still, a settling tank communicating directly with said still and positioned without said furnace and out of contact with the heated gases from said furnace, a vapor dome 'connected withsaid still,

means extending through said vapor domeA and into said still'for delivering crude oil to said still, and a fractionating condenser for receiving the vapors evolved from said still for separating'the heavy distillates and returning same tothe still.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature hereto.

A, J CORBLEY POOL..

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