US1433060A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

D. L. ARNOLD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPucATloN FILED JUNE 25,1919.

' 1,43 8,6 U Patented oct. 24, 1922'.

Patented @et 241, 1922.'

narran etarras Parana' oa DOUGLASS L. ARNOLD, OF CHICAGO,

HARVESTER COMPANY, A

rasate@ arca.

ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

Application led June 25,

To all .whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, DoUGLAss L. ARNOLD,

a citizen of the United in the county Chicago, of Illinois States, residing atv of Cook and State have invented certain new and full, clear,

especially to the inlet passages and construction of' a cylinder head.

The walls of the inlet passages are, as a rule, relatively of a low grade,

cool, and where vfuel oils such as kerosene, are used there is a great tendency for these oils to recondense on the walls of the inlet passages and to be carried over by cylinder in a liquid state.

It is an 'ob}'ect,

the air into the therefore, of. my invention to provide a means for revaporizing the condensed fuel, delivering it to the cylinder in the form of a dry, combustible gas.

Another object is to provide a means for more perfectly to avoid stratification and to obtain a more mixing the air and fuel so as homogeneous combustible mixture.

Another object is to provide a means -for using the waste heat of the exhaust and of the cylinder to accomplish the above objects.

Still anotherobject is to provide a means for bringing any particles of unvaporized fuel into contact of the intake walls,

with the hot portions only thereby using the liquid fuel itself as an insulator for the incoming charge, preventing with said charge being heated a consequent loss of volumetric efficiency of the engine and at the Sametime allowing/the liquid fuel to be vaporized and to enter the heat of said fuel cylinder as ga dry, such unstable liquid form that hot gas, or in the additional compression gasifies or so changes that it is in the proper state for good combustion. The amount of the charge heated in this case is so smallas not to materially affect the volumetric efliciency of the engine.

These and other objects are Aaccomplished by my invention which comprises an internal combustion engine -having an inlet valve and a tangential inlet passage formed about said inlet valve as a center so as to subject the incoming charge to vortex action at said valve.

In anoth er aspect my invention comprises et passage, as I have just stated,

vpassages 14 which 1919. Serial No. 306,665.

and means for heating a part of the walls of said spiral inlet passage.

Referring now to the drawing- F ig. 1 is a horizontal sectional view on the line A-B of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 2 is a front elevation, partly in section, on line C-D of F ig. 1.

I have illustrated my invention in connection with an engine having a cylinder 10. on which is secured a vcylinder head casing 11 by means of studs 12 and nuts 13. The cylinder head has cast therein exhaust e preferably shown at the two ends of the twin cylinders, while `the inlet passage 15 having tangential branches 15a is shown between. It will be noted that at the heart, shown by double sei tion lines, the inlet and exhaust passages are. separated only by a thin wall of metal 15b. The tangential inlet terminates in an inlet port 16 which is closed by the inlet valve 17 which is held upon its seat by a spring' 18.

The spiral passage 15a is so arranged that as the incoming gases flow around this passage they are constantly brought nearer and nearer the inlet port 16, until at the point 15C the wall of the tangential passage practically coincides with the edge of the inlet port. The exhaust port 19 is closed by an exhaust valve 20 which is held upon its seat by a spring 21. It will be seen from the drawing and description that as the mixture going through the passage 15 strikes an abutment 15d, it causes the gas by the exhaust gases in the exhaust passageJ y 14.

At the same time, any fuel which falls to the'bottom of the tangential passage 15"1 will come in contact with'the heated head 22 of the cylinder itself, and any fuel therefore which comes 'in contact with the bottom of the passage 15a or the hot spot 15b will be converted into a dry, hot gas or in such unstable liquid form that when it is passedA on into the cylinder the additional heat of compression gasifies or so changes said fuel that it is in proper state for good combustion. If, however., as is usually the case, some of the heavy fuel still clings to the Wall of the tangential passage after having passed/the hot spot 15b this fuel will be thrown in the form of a very line spray off the tip 15c and will be Ycarried into the center of the vortex and will passinto the cylinder in a very` finely divided unstable state. The result is that With this arrangement of elements I am able to get a very good combustible mixture.

It will be seen from the cross sectional view, shown in Fig. 2, that the intake paspassage 15 and the passage leading to the inlet port 16 are'comparatively shallow, that is to say, a cross section of these passages is substantially rectangular in shape. This rectangular shape, together with the volute shape of the intake passage positioned adjacent the intake valve 17, will cause a better mixing of the air and fuel. It is also to be noted that the inlet passages are Water-jacketed With the excep` 'tion of the hot spot 15b and the bottom Wall 22 which forms the cylinder head of the engine and is directly exposed to the heat of, combustion in the cylinder. I have found it advantageous in some instances, but not essential to eflic-ient operation of the engine, to have this lower Wall heated as shown. With this construction, any liquid fuel which may 'tend to settle .to the bottom of the passages Will be vaporized by the heat from the cylinder and at the same time serve to insulaterthe air and lighter components of the charge from the heated surface.

While I have shown and described but a single embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that it is capable of many modifications. Changes, therefore, in the construction and arrangement may be made Without departing from the spirit and scope of .the invention, as defined by the appended claims.

' I claime 1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having an inlet port, a volute inlet passage in the cylinder leading to the inlet port and, having its outer Wall terminating `tangent to the port.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having an inlet port, a volute inlet passage of 4uniformly decreasing radius formed in the cylinder leading to the port and its outer'vvall terminating'tangent thereto, and an exhaust passage in the vcylinder separated-from the inlet passage by a thin partition.

3. In an internal combustion engine, av cylinder head having an inlet port, an inlet passage in the cylinder head, an eccentric inlet chamber tangent to the inlet port on one side and communicating With the inlet passage, the Wall of the chamber terminate i ing in a sharp edge at the point of tangency.

4. In an internal combustion` englne, a cylinder head having an inlet port, an inlet passage in the cylinder head, an eccentric inlet chamber tangent to the inlet porton one side and communicatingvvith the inlet passage, the Wall of the chamber terminating in a sharp edge at the point of tangency, and means for heating a Wall of the eccentric chamber.

In testimony whereof I aflix my'rsignature.

D'oUGLAss L.` ARNOLD.

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