US1414109A - Gas producer - Google Patents

Description

F. M. E BLAS-S.

I GAS PRODUCER.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 24, 1915.

v WITNESS INVENTOR- BY 6 $4, ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 25, 1922.

- 2SHEETS-SHEETI.

F. M. E- BLASS.

GAS PRODUCER.

- APPLICATION FILED NOV. 24, 1915. 1,414,109.

v WITNESS:

- INVENTOR frdi'jzdnd Mr ATTORNEY FERDINAND MAX EUGEN BLASS, or rat-Lustre-oN-THE-RHiriE, GERMANY,- assreivon,

BY ernsun Assreumnnrs, T0 or DELAWARE.

Application filed November 24, 1915. Serial No. esgz'z.

To all whom it may concern:

P- it hno wn that I, FERDINAND MAX EUGEN I a, a citizen of the German Em ire, and it of ivliilheim-oiitl'ie-Rliine,.xlermany, invented certain new anduseful lm oroveznents in Gas Producerstot which the "following is aspeci 'icatiou.

My present invention relates to gaspro- (lucers and has'for its object to provideagas producer of great eiiiciency', of simple and durable construction, which will overcome the numerous defects generally found. in gas reducers oi the character employed hitheitto, v, d v

The features and adyantz'lges ofi'ny invention will be rlully described hereinafteiyand its novel characteristics pointedfout in the ippendeiil claims. g d F our typical. examples oi'my invention are shown inthe accompanying drawings, in

which Fig. 1 is a central'yertical section through the producer, and Fig.2 1s a h0r'- izontal section taken on line'2 2 0t Fig, 1; Fig. 3 is a central vertical section of a mod fication; Fig, 4 is a central vertical section "through the lower portion of a third tformot construction; Fig.5 is a central vertical s'eci t'ion through a fourth form of construction,

and Fig. 6 is a section on line 6 6 of Fig.

In each 7 of the constructions shown the bodylO otthe producer is made'of fire brick or other suitable material andv contains a chamber I, 11 11" to which fuel is supplied through the filling opening or the inverted funnel 12, normally closed by a cover 13 13. At its bottom, this upper chamber communicates with a lower chamber 14-,

also adapted to contain fuel, and the two chambers meet at about the level of the lower 7 contain water and also to receive the ashes from the gasitied fuel. The pan is normally closed at the outer end (as will be described presently), and preferably there is an overflow pipe 18, 18, or 18 for keeping the water in the pan from rising beyond thedesired level. However, I desire it to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the details shown, and that the novel features of one rRODUG-ER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

1 my invention they" are defined in the lap-J in various ways.

perfuel chamber 11 andcommunicates with the lower fuel chamber i l through openings Patented Apr, 25:, 1922 I THE CHEMICAL rounnerron, me, A, CORPORATION per portion of the producer maybe modified fil'n the construction illustrated by 1 and 52, the gas chamber lGsurrorindsthe upA 19' at the lower edgebf the partition 15,,

while a pipe 20 serves toconductflthe vg as" away from the chamber lfito theiplace of storage or consumptiong Immediately below the contractedportion of theichambei" 14,1 provide a hollow wall or tanlt 2l, sur-- round ng a space WlllClliS in axial alignment with the low r end of the fuel:cliamberjm. Th 1S tank 21. communicates with one or more smallertanksQQ' serving as steam collectors and preferably-located at a slightly'higherf level. ThesetanksQQ are; separated fr oin the fuel chamber byfth'e brickwork bfthe producerjthat is to sayr the incandescent fuelxis tanks22. The communication between the S0 'not inf direct :contact with the Walls of the] mane may be efi'ectcd.v for instance by means of hollow brackets 23; Water is supplied to r one, of the communicating tanks (say; the lower tank 21) 111 any sultable manner, as by a pipe 24;,tlie supply being controlled by the manual adjustment ofla valve (nofishown), or automatically. as by the well-knownfloat control (not shown). Each of the upper tanks 22 is provided in its outer wall with a steam outlet 22 arranged adjacent to and preferably at aislightly loi'ver level than. a

corresponding air" outlet 25"'locat e d at the regulated by valve 26 but if desired, com

pressed air (heated ornot) may-be supplied.

to said chamber through a suitable pipe (not 'shown).l- Tl eia1r heated 1n the chambers and "the steam generated in the chambers pass'out through the- openings 25 and 22 respectively an'dbeccme intimately mixed as they pass downwardly in the spaces be tween the 1:922 and chambers 25 to a mixing chamber 9 located above thepan 17 and I communicating with the combustion chamier. The pan 1? or rather the mixing chamberor chambers 27. are closed at the outside by suitable doors 28 say hinged doors-con nected wi th" counterbalancing weights and normally dipping into-the water contained in the pan 1?.

The operation of this form of my invention is as follows: Fuel charged into the producer through the top comes to rest on a temporary support formed by kindling wood or the like disposed in the lower part of the chamber 1 1 or in the contraction or throat surrounded by the annular tank 21. The tanks 21, 22 and the pan 1'? are filled with water and kept full (to thedesired level) during the entire operation. Fire having been started and the chambers 11, 1f having been filled with fuel, and the opera tion having assumed its regular course, the heat of combustion will reach the material in the upper chamber or fuel reservoir 11, causing the fuel therein to be freed of volatile constituents. Since the cover 13 is closed, the gas will be forced by its expansion etc. through the incandescent fuel to the gas outlet 19, 16, 20, and during this operation, the light oils, tar, etc. produced in the chamber 11, are gasified. Theproduction of gas takes place both in the chamber 11, where certain constituents (tar, etc.) are removed from the'fuelfand g asified, and in the chamber 15L, where the'fuel itself is gasified. The lower portion of the chamber 14: is not only exposed to a much more intense heat than the chamber 11 and the upper part of said chamber 14, but is traversed in an upward direction, from the bottom opening to the gas outlet, by a current of air mixed with steam well distributed over the entire area of the fuel. This mixture, as it passes through the incandescent fuel layers. causes first (in the lower portion) a formation of CO and then (in the layers above) a gradually increasing reduction to CO, so that the final gaseous product contains a minimum of C0 The air is preheated to a certain extent in the chamber 25 and on its further way to the chamber 14, and a greater degree of preheating is desired, this may be attained by any of the well-known means. The steam generated in the tanks 22 and 21 and forcibly admixed to the air in the chamber or chambers 27, will greatly assist in producing a rich of high heating value, and will also have'the useful effect of granulating the slag and ashes produced in the lower part of the chamber 14:. The entire operation proceeds uniformly, the gas obtained 'is of constant good quality, and the height of the effective reduction layer or of the fuel charge for the gasifying or reductionzone is also constant. The cooling action of the water in the tank 21 will protect the wall of said tank which is exposed to a high temperature, against premature wear, and I utilize for the production of steam, the heat absorbed by said wall, which heat otherwise would be wasted. The slag slides down along the central cone 10 into the pan 17,

stationary annular gutter 3 1.

from which it can be removed readily, the doors 28 being swung open for this purpose. The generation of steam adjusts itself automatically to the degree of heat. The pan 17 receives its supply of water from the overflow of the tanks 22.

The modification illustrated by Fig. 3 differs from the construction described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, by the construction of the ash pan and the parts connected therewith. The pan 17 is annular, with its inner wall flush with the central cone 30 (preferably-rotary in this case), and into this pan dips the lower edge of a stationary conical wall 31. The pan itself is supported on hearing balls 32 and is rotated about the center of the producer (axis of cone 30) by a suitable driving mechanism The overflow is discharged from a pipe 18, into a In other respects, this construction will be thesame as the one illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, and the operation will be the same. As the ash. pan 17 rotates, the ashes and slagwill be removed automatically in any suitableway, as by a stationary scraper or ejector 35. The conversion of any fuel into gas is so com plots that tar pockets or tar collectorsare not required in connection with the gas mains. Of course, if desired, the by-productsmay be recovered from the gas in apparatus of any well-known or approved char;

acter.

in the modification illustrated by Fig. 4, the lower portion of the producer is similar to the one shown in Fig. 1, except that there is only one opening, normally closed by a door 28, for giving access to the ash pan 1?. The upper fuel chamber or fuel reservoir 11 is inclined downwardly and rearwardly, and the partition 15 is likewise inclined instead of vertical as in Figs. 1 and 2. The inclined fuel chamber. is widened toward the bottom, to facilitate the downward movement of the fuel. The producer shown in Fig. 4 is intended particularly for making gas from soft coal (with natural draft), while the producer shown in Figs. 5 and 6. is intended to use coke or other loose fuel. The tank 21 forms a steam generator and collector provided with a steam outlet 21,, the steam being deflected downward by a baffle 35, and then becomingmixed with the (heated) air issuing from a conduit 25*.

The upper part of the producer Shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is of the same general char 'acter as in Fig. hbut the chamber 11 and the gas flue 16 (separated from said chamber by a partition 15) are substantially vertical. and. the lower portion of the inclined front wall of the lower fuelchambe-r 14 is formed by a step grate of peculiar novel construction. This grate comprises cheek-plates 36 supporting grate bars 37 arranged in stag- The tank 21, however, is omitted,

gered fashiomthat is to say, each grate bar projects inwardly or rearwardly beyond the grate bar immediately. above it. Each of these grate bars is trough-shaped, being provided with a relatively lowrfront wall 37, and with a relatively high rear wall 37", the

latter being adjacent to the chamber 14. On

the underside ofits bottom, each grate bar v out departing from the natureof my inven- 3? is provided. with a," rib 37* extending transversely, that is tosay, ranging from one cheekplate 36 toward the other, said ribs being located'directly above theftroughs of the igratebars imediately-below them. shown in Fig. 6, the lower edge of each rib 37* is preferably inclined downwardly from the points adjacent -.to thecheek plates :56 to thecenter, so that the water will not how down the cheek plates, butwill follow the ribs 37 and drip into the next trough below. The inside surface of the bottom wall of the grate bar is inclined toward the center, where a notch 3 in the frontwall 37 and a ertical rib 37Fare provided to better guide the overflowing water. Other suitable constructions'of these grate jbars may be employed; At the bottom of the chamber lei, 'tliereis a second grate 38, preferably inclined from front to rear as shown, and supported on a' front carrier 39 and on a rear carrier 40." Between the lowermost grate bar 37 and this lower grate 38,1 leave a space suflicient for the passage of a suit.-

able tool (to be introduced through the open" door 28*) foihpushing the ashes on the grate toward the rearand dump them into the pan 17 through-the opening or clearance ll provided at the rear of the grate. The grate bars 37 come very close to each other, that is to say, only a narrow space is left between the bottom of a grate bar 37 and the upper edge of the rear wall 37"of the next grate bar below. The air coming from openings iii-the door 28* controlled regulatably by a valve 42, passespartly be low the grate 38 and up through the same, and partly through the narrow spaces between the grate bars 37, and over the water contained in said grate bars and in the pan 1 17, which water is being converted 1I1tO- steam. The air is forcibly mixed with the steam produced in the apparatus. The v v a means for supplying air to the burn ng fuel: I

spaces between the grate bars are preferably of such width and shape astopreVent any 7 fuel or ashes from dropping into the troughshaped grate bars. T he ribs 37*, 37 forin' barriers to stopand guide the flow of water so that the water will pass from one trough.- shaped grate bar to another and finallyto the pan l7". It will be seen that the trough-- shaped grate bars 37,0ffer a very large surface for conducting the heat from the burning fuel to the water, so that alarge part ofthe water contained in, and flowing over,

the said grate bars will be-conver tedinto" steam, which steam will greatly assist inl "the steam collector.

producing a gas of high value and wellgranuiated slag. In thisform of my invention also, the air maybe preheated, if

desired, in any well-known or approved tion as set forthin'the appended claims;

1 Claim; a '1. I;

inlet and means for normally closing it, a downwardly -,."W1l8n1i1g chamber connected with said inlet and adapted to serve for'the" storage, preheating, and subsequent distilling of fuel, a gasifying chamberrforining the downward continuation: of the first named chamber, a gas outlet channel rising from said gasifying chamber acent to-the 'first- "named chamber; .so as to heat the latter, a-

downwardly tapering combustion chamber immediatel below said asif in '7 chamber and communicating therewith, a steam genorator located laterally of said combustion chamber and provi'ded with outlets, a water pan located below-said combustion chamber to receive" ashes therefro1n,-and means for directing a current of air into the combustion cha'mberpast the outlets of said steam generator, over thesurface of the water contained in said pan, 1

2. Aagas producer provided with a downwardly-contracted fuel-containing chamber,

an annular steam generator 1 cated below the contracted portion offsaid chamber-and having aicylindrical innerwall, and means for carryingthe steam from said generator into the said'chamber.

3. Agas producer-comprising a fuel chamber having a gas outlet and a contracted bottom,a water tanlr'surrounding said contracted bottom and forming a steam generator, a

steam collector connected withsaid tank but out of contact with the fuel, said collector having an outlet for the escape of steam and I the overflow-of surplus water, means for su nilying water to said tank, a pan located under said chamber and adapted to receive the ashes. from the burning fuel and the overflow from the steam generator, and

a; A; gas producer comprising a fuel cham-' gas producer provided with a fuel 2 berhaving a gas outlet and a contracted bot- 7 tom, a water tank surrounding said contracted bottom, a. steam collector connected 1 for the escape of steam and the overflow ofsurpluswater, an air chamber arranged adwith saidtankand provided with anIoutlet the hottonn a generatorlocated above said pan, and a "fuel-chamber extending downwardly adjacent to said generator beyond the upper level of said generator, said chamoer widening upwardly from the upper end of said steam generator.

6. i-L gas producer ha ing a Water-pan at the bottom, a steam generator located above said pan and provided Withoutlets a fuel-containing chamber extending doWn Wardly to substantially the same level as the bottom of said steam generadco'r and means for directing a current of air into said chamher past the outlets of. thesteam generator and over the surface of the Water contained in said panv 7. A gas producer having a steam generator ano a fuel chamber extending down- ,ivardly adjacentto said ge orator beyond the upper level of said generator; said chamber Widening upwardly from/the upper end of said steam generator.

8, A gas producer provided With a fuel iniet and means for normally closing it, a

downwaroly-widening chamber connected with said inlet and adapted to serve for the firsts outie': channel rising immediately belmcsaid' gasitying chamber and communicating therewith, a steam generiito'r located laterelly of said combustion chamber and i p "wided with outlets and means directi a currentof air into the combustion chamber past the outlets of said steam generator.

gas producer provided with a fuelcontaining chamber having a centrally-located fuel inlet at its upper portion, and an HI-llllllill' gas-colleetor chamber surrounding said fuel. inlet, and a perforated wall fern ing. an annular series of restricted openings through which said annuiar chamber com munieates with theportion of the tuelchainber tl'iereunder, v .v

in testimony-Whereoif I have signed this specification.

FERMNAND li/iAX EUGEN ELiiEiS.

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