US1407466A - Ignition-control apparatus - Google Patents

Description

A. A. KENT.

IGNITION CONTROL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I3. I92I.

Patented Feb. 21, 1922.

2 SHIzI-IIS-SHEET I- INVIENTOR.

m m@ XLJ BY @Ww Q4 (3% ATTORNEY.

A. A. KENT.

IGNITION CONTROL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JULY I3, 1921.

1,407,466, Patented Feb. 21, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z- j MW r "P 1 NV EN TOR.

ML MM T5 (323% $4 ATTORNEY.

UNITED STATES PATENT oF icE.

ARTHUR ATWATEB- KENT, OF ARDMORE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO A'IWATER KENT MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A COR- PORA'IION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

IGNITION -CONTROL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 21, 1922.

Continuation of application Serial No. 157,019, filed March 23 1917. This application filed July 13 1921. Serial No. 484,320. 1

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR ATWATER KENT, a citizen of the United States, residing in Ardmore, county of Montgomery, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ignition-Control Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to spark advancing mechanisms by means of which the spark usually employed to ignite the charge in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine is automatically advanced for the purpose of producing a spark at the proper point in the stroke of the pistons dependent upon the speed at which the engine is running. At low speeds the spark isformed or produced nearer the end of the compression stroke than when the engine is ru'nning at high speeds. Between the low and high speeds the spark should be regularly, gradually and proportionately advanced, dependentupon the speed of the engine to produce the most economical and efficient results.

In reissued Letters Patent No. 15,128, June 21, 1921, I have disclosed one form of mechanism which may be operated by the device comprised in the invention of the present application, for this invention has particular reference to an advancing or governing mechanism itself, that is to say, to a mechanism whereby the cam of a contact device or ignition interrupter 0r timer is automatically advanced for the purpose of advancing the spark. The invention of this application has reference to the shape and disposition of the governor weights acted upon by centrifugal force whereby the cam is advanced with respect to the drive shaft; to the manner in Whlcll the cam is mounted on or in and driven by the drive shaft through the governing or speed responsive mechanism; to the way in which the Wei hts move or travel under the action of centrlfugal force; and to the manner in which the various parts are connected together and operated.

The objects of this invention are to provide a spark advancing mechanism in which the weights acted upon by centrifugal force and operative to advance the cam with respect to the drive shaft are light, are loosely connected together and to the cam and drive shaft, respectively, are of a shape to most effectively and efliciently produce the desired movement with accuracy and sensitiveness, and have suitable location with respect to the governor plates.

Other objects of my invention are so to mount the cam member in its bearings and with respect to the drive shaft that it may smoothly and accurately respond to the action of the centrifugal weights at varying speeds even although its main bearing in the casting or casing or plate in which it is journalled be not in absolute alignment with theaxis of the drive shaft; to permit the.

cam shaft freely and smoothly to turn in its bearing whether its bearing is in perfect alignment with the drive shaft or not; to simplify the construction of the spark advancing mechanism and to dispense with unnecessary parts, and to provide a device which is small, compact, light, and efiicient. Further objects of my invention are so to connect the operative parts that they may move freely and easily without sticking or amming, to connect the various parts flexibly or relatively loosely together, and to provide guiding means to guide the weights in their respective outward movement under the action of the centrifugal force.

Further objects of my invention are to provide a construction in which there is no trembling or vibration of the cam-shaft.

Other objects and features of my invention will appear in the specification and claims below.

In the drawings forming a part of this specification and in which the same reference characters areused throughout the various views to designate .the same parts, Fig. l is a plan view of the spark advancing mech anism showing the top of the casing upon which may be mounted any suitable contact device, the cam for operating the same being shown projecting above the advancin mechanism; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of t e said device; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the parts enclosed within the casing, the top, cover or support for the contact maker, being removed and the parts being shown in the positions they assume when the drive shaft is 3 showing the positions of the various parts when the drive shaft is being revolved at its highest speed and showingthe extent to-wh1clrthe cam and the parts attached thereto are advanced when running at high speeds; Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3, Fig. 6 is a view similar to that shown in Fig. 5, the casing only being in section, and Fig. 7 is a sectional View of a detail of construction.

The spark advancing mechanism is preferably enclosed within a casing 1, provided with a c lindrical projection. or hub 2 extending rom the bottom thereof and forming a hub whereby the same may be mounted in any suitable manner for rotatable ad ustment by any suitable means, attached as at 1, for manually advancing or retarding the ignition. The hub 2 has a groove 2, in which is adapted to engage a screw or the like, carried by the support for the hub, for

-' reventing longitudinal movement of the hub and the parts carried thereby. The hub 2 is provided with an axial cylindrical bore forming a bearing for the driving shaft 4. This driving shaft 4 preferably projects below the lower end of the cylindrical projection 2 and is provided with a clutch or couplin member 5 by which it is driven by and in fefinite relation to the main or crank shaft of an internal combustion engine. The casing 1 has preferably fitted over the top thereof a cover or plate 6 which preferably constitutes the support or base plate of a make and break device or contact device, the operation of which is to open and close an electric circuit, as the primary clrcuit of an electric ignition system. In my said reissued Letters Patent No. 15,128 there is shown a contact device of the character or type referred to. Such a contact device or interrupter is operated by a cam having as many projections as there are cylinders of the engine. The cover or plate 6 is attached to the casing 1 in any suitable manner, as by screws 6'6''6 passing through the cover and threaded into the casing 1. At or about the center of the cover or plate 6 is an opening 7 providing at its top a short cylindrical bearing 7 for the cam shaft. The rest of the opening .through the said cover is of larger diameter than the diameter of the cam shaft adapted to be journalled therein The upper or inner end of the driving shaft 4 is provided with a cylindrical hole or o ening 8' extending longitudinally of the sha t 4 and having its axis coaxial with the axis of the shaft 4, the bottom 9 of said hole or opening 8 being preferably conical.

Within the hole or opening 8 is mounted the cam shaft 10, the upper end 'of which is journalled in the bearing 7' of the plate or' cover 6. That portion 11 of the cam shaft 10, which extends into the hole or opening 8 in the driving shaft 4, is preferably for the greater part of its length of smaller diameter than that of the hole or o ning 8. The lower end 12 of the cam sha t 10 1s preferably conical and rests within the conical recess or bottom 9 of the hole 8. That portion 12 of the cam shaft 10 just above the conical lower end 12 thereof is of substantially the same diameter as that of the hole or openin 8 and this portion is relatively plate 15 of the cam advancing mechanism which is mounted to turn with said cam shaft 10. Between the up er and lower plates 15 and 14 are mounte four governor or speed responsive weights described more particularly below, by the operation of which the cam shaft may be automatically given an angular advance with respect to the driving shaft 4.

These four weights 16, 17 18 and 19 are all alike and they are so dis osed with respect to each other and to t e axis of the shaft4 as to provide a balanced system. The weight 16 is mounted on the bottom plate 14 on a pivot pin 20 rigidly attached to the bottom plate 14, and said weight 16 extends first radially from said pivot 20 and then laterally, forming a portion 16', substantially parallel to a curve approximating that of a circle concentric with the axis of the shaft 4. -The governor weight 17 is also similarly pivoted on a pivot pin 21 rigidly secured to the bottom plate 14, the centers of the pins 20 and 21 being equi-distant from the axis of the shaft, and symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the shaft 4. This weight 17 similarly extends first radially from its ivot-pin 21 and then extends laterally su stantially parallel to the same circle as that which the co-operating wei ht 16 approximates.

T e lateral portion 17 of said 'weYght 17, however, extends in the opposite direction to the corresponding portion 16 of the weight 16; that is to say, the weights 16 and 17 are oppositely disposed on opposite sides of a line passing through the axis of the shaft 4 and the axis of the pivot pins.

The weight 18 is pivoted on a pivot pin 22 extending downwardly from the top plate 15 and rigidly secured thereto. This weight.

18 exten first radially from its pivot 22 and in a direction substantially parallel to the corresponding portion of the complemental weight 16, and then extends laterally along substantially the same circular curve as that ofthe lateral portion 16' of the weight 16, but in the opposite direction to that of the curved portion 16 of the weight 16, so that the curved portion 18' of the weight 18 overlies the curved portion 16' for a considerable distance. The weight 19 is similarly pivoted to the topplate on the pivot pin 23, rigid with said top plate, and at the same distance from the axis of the shaft 4 as the pin 22.

Said pins 22 and 23 are on diametrically opposite sides of the shaft The weight 19 is disposed with respect to 1ts complemental weight 17 in the same way that the weight 18 is arranged with respect to its complemental weight 16, that is say, with the curved portion 19' overlapplng the curved portion 17 of the weight 17.

The overlapping portions of the weights 16 and 18 are pivoted together on a pivotal guiding pin 24 rigidly secured to the weight 18, and extending freely through a cylindrical opening therefor in the weight 16 and then extending through an arc-shape slot 25 in the bottom plate 14, the center of curvature of slot 25 being the axis of the pivot pin 20. This pin 24 is provided on the under side of the bottom plate 14 with a head 26 whose diameter is greater than the width of the 'slot 25. v

In the same manner the overlying portions of the weights 17 and 19 are pivoted together on similar pivotal guiding pin 27, rigidly secured to the weight 19 and extending freely through a cylindrical opening in the weight 17 and through an arc-shaped slot 28 in the bottom plate 14. Thecenter of curvature of slot 28 is the axis of the pivot pin 21. Said pin 27 is similarly provided with a head 29 of larger diameter than the width of the slot 28. Preferably very thin light metal washers 30 are located on the pivot pin 20 between the weight 16 and the bottom plate 14; on the pivot pin 21 between the weight 17 and the bottom plate 14; on-the pivot pin 22 between the weight 18 and-the top plate 15; on the pivot pin 23, between the weight 19 and the top plate 15; on the stud 24 between the weights 16 and 18, and between the Weight 16 and the bottom plate 14; and also on the stud 27 between the weights 17 and 19 and between the weight 17 and the bottom plate 14 so as to keep the weights substantially out of contact or sliding engagement with each other and the top and bottom plates. Preferably the weights 16 and 18 are rather loosely pivoted on their respective studs 20 and 22 and the weights 17 and 19 are similarly loosely pivoted on their pivot pins 21 and 23. The stud 24 extends rather freely through the weight 16 and freely through the slot 25, and similarly the stud 27 passes relativelyfreely through the weight 17 and through the slot 28. The heads 26 and 29 are slightly spaced from bottom plate (see Figs. 6 and 7), allowing longitudinal play of pins 24 and 27. All this provides a relatively loose construction whereby there is very little resistance to the free movements of said weights due to friction as the parts slide over each other or move about their respective pivot pins. Considering the pair of weights 16 and 18, for example, due to the looseness of their pivoting at their pivot pins 20 and 22, those pivot pins servemerely as centers about which the weights rotate with change of speed and do not confine or limit the weights/to movements in prede- \termined planes, but allow the weights to be sustained by and slide upon the governor plate or-member 14. Thus the weight 16, loosely pivoted at 20 to plate 14, is sustained by and slides upon the same plate to which it is pivoted; and weight-18, loosely pivoted to plate 15 at 22, is sustained by and slides upon another or different governor plate, viz., plate 14. Furthermore, the weights 16 and 18 slide upon each other at a distance from their respective loose pivotal mountings at 20' and 22. Similarly, the weights 17 and 19 of the other pair are sustained by and slide upon the plate 14 and upon each other. The looseness of structure and of connections of parts as described permits each weight to deflect laterally through a small angle toward or away from the plate to which it is pivoted, and thereby be sustained by or slide upon the plate to which it is pivoted or a member other than the plate to which it is pivoted. Since each weight is relatively thin and loosely surrounds its pivot pin, the effective lengthof the pivot pin is relatively short and corresponds with the thickness of the weight. The looseness of structure and of connections described affords greater simplicity, compactness, lightness and cheapness without sacrifice of effectiveness and operating characteristics of the governor, as compared with prior practice involving pivotal connections of greater accuracy, closeness of fit and precision of movements of the parts.

The free end of the pivot pin 22 is preferably provided with a kerf or slot 31 to 115 receive the looped end-32 of a coil spring 33 which holds or confines the weight upon its pivot, and the opposite end of the spring is hooked over or around a stud 34 on the bottom plate 14, and similarly the free end 120 of the pivot pin 23 is provided with a kerf 35 to receive the looped end 36 of the coiled spring 37, the opposite end of which is hooked over a stud38 on the bottom plate.

The weights 16 and 17 turning on their respective pivots 20 and 21 of the bottom plate cause the pivotal guide pins 24 and 27 to move in their respective arc-shaped slots 25 and 28, and approach the position shown in Fig. 4, the amount of movement 130 of said weights 16 and 17 being dependent upon the speed of the rotation of the shaft 4 and the amount of centrifugal force exerted by the weights. The angular adjustment of the cam with respect to shaft 4 is limited, as shown in Fig. 4, by engagement of pins 24 and 27 withplate 14 of the outer ends of slots and 28.

Similarly, the weights 18 and 19 turn about their respective pivots 22 and 23 in ment of the top plate 15 with respect to the bottom plate 14, such movement being at -first substantially transverse to the direction the springs as the speed increases.

of the springs, but their action increases as the advance of the top plate with respect to the bottom plate increases. The direction of the pull of the top plate under the centrifugal action of the weights, approaches a direct pull in the direction of the axis of The springs, therefore, offer an ever-increasing resistance to the advance of the top plate with respect to the bottom plate. As the direction of the movementof the pins 22 and 23 approaches a direction directly away from. the studs 34 and 38 of the bottom plate, the resistance of the springs compensates for the increasin .centrifugal force developed in the weig ts, as the speed increases and the circle through which the curved portions of the weights move increases in diameter.

It is well known that the centrifugal force developed in the weights of a centrifugal mechanism of this description varies with both the speed and the distance of the weights from the axis of the shaft, and it must be lain that the centrifugal force in the weig its when occupying the position shown in Fig. 4 must be very much greater than that which is developed when they are rotating in a. circle more nearly approaching that in which they are shown in Fig. 3. To obtain an advance of the cam directly proportional to variations in speed, the sprlngs must afford a resistance not merely proportional to the speed, but proportional to the variations in the centrifugal force developed in the weights. With the springs disposed in the manner shown and above described, the resistance of the springs, in the various positions into which they are moved, is approximately proportional to the variations in the centrifugal force developed in the weights, with the result that the top-plate 15 and the parts carried thereby are advanced wit-h respect to the bottom plate 14, and with respect to the shaft 4 substantially proportionally to variations in the speed of the driving shaft 4.

The cam shaft 10 is journalled on very short smooth bearing surfaces 7 and 12, so that if the bearing in the top plate 6 does not happen to be in absolute alignment with the shaft -4 it will not cramp or bind the cam shaft, but the cam shaft will float, spin or turn freely. Absolute accuracy, therefore, in the machine work of making the top plate 6 and attaching it to the casing 1 may be thus made secondary without sacrificing smooth running properties, and the cost of machining and assembling may be greatly reduced;

It is to be noted that, considering one set of weights, e. g., the weights 17 and 19; they are symmetrically arranged to each other with respect to a line assing through the axis of the shaft4 and t 1e pivotal guide pin 27. The centrifugal force developed therein may be considered to act on them radially from the shaft 4 in the direct-ion of the arrow 39. The weight 17 is, however, pivoted to the bottom plate 14 rigid with the shaft 4.

It therefore can turn only on its pivot pin 21.

The pivot pin 23 of the weight 19 is, however, mounted on the top plate 15 and while centrifugal force alon the arrow 39 would tend to move said welght 19, if free to do so, about its pivot 23, in the opposite direction to that in which the weight 17 moves, the weight 19 is pivoted to weight 17, and the pivot 23 is free with respect to the shaft 4 and 'is' held in a given position only by the tension of the springs 33 and 37.

s a result of this construction, both weights move about the pivot 21 and the pull of the centrifugal force developed is communicated to the pivot pin 23, and acts to turn the top plate 15, against the tension of the springs 33 and 37, through an angle with respect to the bottom plate 14, and to advance the plate 15 and'parts carried and actuated thereby, the amount of the advance being dependent upon the speed of the shaft 4.

Thus the effective movement of the weights 17 and 19 is substantially a radial movement with respect to the axis of the shaft 4 (compare Figs. 3 and 4) and the springs, acting at different angles, as they move about their pivots on their respective plates, provide a resistance to such motion approximately proportional to the centrifugal force developed therein. gular advance is therefore substantially proportional to variation in speed.

The kerfs 31 and 35 in the studs 22 and 23, respectively, are spaced slightly from the under surface weights 18 and 19 so that when the looped ends of the springs 33 and 37 are seated therein there is a little looseness and play of the weights longitudinally of their studs. These springs are arranged to resist and balance the action of centrifugal force developed in the weights tending to move the pivots or studs 22 and 23 away from the fixed studs 34 and 38, but they are also so arranged as to hold the weights in their assembled position upon their respective pivot studs or pins 22 and 23, thus obviating the use of other retaining means, such as nuts, washers or pins, and the machine work incident to making and fitting the same.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 157,019, filed March 23, 1917.

What I claim is:

1. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short governor comprising a governor member se cured to said structure, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, and light flat plate Weights movable under the influence of centrifugal force for effecting relative movement between said governor members, all the weights of said governor disposed upon one side of one of said governor members and movable in separate planes spaced longitudinally of said shaft from said one of said governor members.

2. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short governor comprising a governor member secured to said structure, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, and light flat plate weights movable under the influence of centrifugal force for efiecting relative movement between said governor members, all the weights of said governor disposed between said governor mem bers and movable in separate planes spaced longitudinally of said shaft from said governor members.

3. The combination with ignition timing I structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a rotating governor member, a weight having loose pivotal connection with said governor member, and a member other than said governor member upon which said Weight is permitted to slide by the looseness of said pivotal connection.

4. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured. thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pair of weights pivoted, respectively, to said governor members and overlying each other, and a pivot connecting said weights to each other, one of said governor members having a slot for said pivot.

5. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pair of weights pivoted, respectively, to said governor members and overlying each other, and a pivot movable with respect to said governor members and pivotally connecting said weights to each other, one of said governor members having a slot for said pivot, said slot being arcuate with a center at the pivotal connection of one of said weights to the governor member having said slot.

6. The combination with lgnition timing structure, as a cam, of agovernormemberse cured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pair of weights pivoted, respectively, to said governor mem ers and overlying each other, and a pivot connecting said weights to each other, one of said governor members having a slot for said pivot, said pivot engaging said one of said governor members-at one end of said slot to limit adjustment of said timing structure with respect to said shaft.

7. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a rotating governor. member, and a weight having a connection to said governor member with flexibility permitting said weight to assume a plane of rotation free of restriction by said connection.

8. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a rotating governor member, and a welght having a plvotal connection to said governor member with looseness permitting said weight to assume a plane of rotation free of restriction by said pivotal connection.

9. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pair of weightspivoted, respectively, to said governor members and overlying each other, and a pivot connecting said weights to each other, one of said governor members having a slot for said pivot, all the weights of the governor disposed on one side of one of said governor members.

10. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a rotating governor member, a weight connected thereto with looseness permitting lateral angular deflection with respect to said governor member, and means limiting such lateral deflection of said weight.

11. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pair of weights pivoted, respectively, to said gover nor members and overlying each other, a pivot connecting said weights to each other, one of said governor members having a slot for said pivot, and a spring normally extending substantially radially of said shaft connectig said governor members to each other independently of said weights.

12. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor plate secured-thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor plate secured thereto, a pair of thin flat plates servingas governor weights, said weights pivoted, respectively, to sa d governor plates, each weight extending outwardly and then arcuately, the arcuate portions of said weights extending in opposite directions and overl ing each other, and a pivot connecting sai weights to each other, one of said governor plates having a slot for said pivot.-

13. The combination. with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a driving shaft havin at its end a bore, a pro ection on said timing structure extending loosely into said bore and bearing upon saidshaft at the bottom of said bore, and speed responsive means connecting said shaft 'to said timing structure for effecting angular adjustment thereof with respect to said shaft.

- 14. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a driving shaft hay-- ing at its end a bore, a projection on sa d timing structure extending loosely into said bore and having a conical bearing upon said shaft at the bottom of said bore, and speedresponsive means connecting said shaft to said timing structure for effecting! angular adjustment thereof with respect to said shaft.

15. The combination with i nition timing structure, as a cam, of a drivingshaft havingat its end a bore, a projection on said timing structure extending loosely into said bore and bearing upon said shaft at the bottom of said bore, said projection having adjacent the bottom of said bore a longitudinally short member of diameter substantially equal to the diameter for said bore, and speed responsive means connecting said shaft to said timing structurefor effecting angular adjustment thereof with respect to said shaft.

16. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a rotating governor member, a weight pivoted thereto with looseness permitting lateral angular deflection with respect to said governor member, and means limiting such lateral deflection of said weight.

17. The combination with ignition tim-' ing structure, as a cam, of a driving shaft having at itsend a bore, a projection on said timin structure extending loosely into. sai bore and hearing upon said shaft at the bottom of said bore, a longitudinally short lateral bearing forsaid timing structure at a distance beyond the end of said shaft, and

speed responsive means connectin said shaft to said timing structure for e ecting angular adjustment thereof with respect to said shaft.

18. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a rotatable governor member, and a sliding weight having loose pivotal connection with said member.

19. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short governor therefor comprising rotating'gov- \ernor members, at least one of which is a plate, a flat plate weight, and means c0nnecting said weight to one of said governor members with looseness permitting said weight to slide uponsaid governor plate.

20. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a driving shaft having at its end a bore, a projection on said timing structure extending loosely into said bore and bearing upon said shaft at the bottom of said bore, said projection having adjacent the bottom of said bore a longitudinally short member of diameter substantially equal to the diameter of said bore, a longitudinally short lateral bearing for said timing structure at a distancenbeyond the end of said shaft, and speed responsive means connecting said shaft to said timing 95 structure for effecting angular adjustment thereof with respect to said shaft.

21. The combination with a casing, of a driving shaft having a bore in the end thereof adjacent said casing, a member closing 100 .said casing, ignition timing structure, as a cam, having a longitudinally short lateral bearing in said closure member, a projection on said timing structure extending loosely into said bore and bearing upon saidshaft within said bore, and speed responsive means within said casing connecting said shaft to said timing structure for effecting angular adjustment thereof with respect to said shaft.

22. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pivot pin projecting from one of said governor members and hav ing a kerf, a weight pivoted on said pin between said 'kerf and said one of said governor members, and a spring engaging in said kerf and retaining said weight upon said pin.

23. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pivot pin projecting from one of said governor members and having a kerf, a weightpiv oted onsaid pin between said kerf and said one of. said governor members, a spring engaging in said kerf and retaining said weight upon said pin, and means connecting sald spring to the other of said governor members.

24. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pivot pin parallel to said shaft and movable longitudinally with respect to one of said'governor members, and a governor weight piveted on said pin.

25. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pair of governor weights ivoted, respectively, to said governor mem ers and overlying each other, a-pivot pin carried by One of said Weights and movable longitudinally with respect to one of said governor members, the other of said weights pivoted on said pin between said one of said weights and said one of said governor members.

26. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pivot pin parallel to said shaft and movable longitudinally with respect toone of said governor members, and a governor weight pivoted on said pin, said one of said governor members having a slot through which said pivot pin extends.

27. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pair of governor weights pivoted, respectively, to said governor members and overlying each other, a pivot pin carried by one of said weights and movable longitudinally with respect to one of said governor members.

the other of said weights pivoted on said pin between said one of said weights and said one of said governor members, said one of said governor members having a slot through which said pivot pin extends.

28. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pivot pin parallel to said shaft and movable longltudinally with respect to one of said governor members, a governor weight pivoted on said pin, and a head on said pivot pin limiting its movement with respect to said one of said governor members.

29. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short governor therefor comprising rotating governor members, atleast one of which is a plate, a flat plate weight disposed in substantially the same plane with said governor plate. and means connecting said weight to one of said governor members with looseness permitting said weight to slide upon one of said governor members.

30. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pivot pin parallel to said shaft and movable longitudinally with respect to one of said governor members, a governor weight pivoted on said pin, said one of said governor members having a slot through which said pivot pin extends, and ahead on said pivot pin limiting its movement with respect to said one of said governor members.

31. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor member secured thereto, a driving shaft, a second governor member secured thereto, a pair of governor weights pivoted, respectively, to said governor members and overlying each other, a pivot pin carried by one of said weights and movable longitudinally with respect to one of said governor members, the other of said weights pivoted on said pin between said one of said weights and said one of said governor members, said one of said governor members having a slot through which said pivot pin extends, and a head on Said pivot pin limiting its movement with respect to said one of said governor members,

32. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a driving shaft, governor plates secured, respectively, to said cam and said shaft, a pivot pin secured to one of said governor plates, athin flat weight pivoted on said pin and movable in a plane to one side of said one of said goyernor plates, a spacing washer between said weight and said one of said governor plates, and means for retaining said weight upon said pivot pin.

83. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a driving shaft, go v ernor plates secured, respectively, to said cam and said shaft, a pivot pin secured to one of said governor plates, a thin flat weight pivoted on said pin and movable in a plane to' one side of said one of said governor plates, a spacing washer between said weight and; said one of said governor plates, saitl pin having a kerf, and a spring engaging at its one end in said kerf to retain said weight upon said pin, said spring at its other end connected to the other of said governor plates.

34;. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a driving shaft, overnor plates secured, respectively, to said cam and said shaft, a pair of governor weights pivoted, respectively, to said gov-' pivoting said weights to each other, said pin carried by one of said weights and movable longitudinally of said shaft with respect 35..Ignit1on controlling apparatus com-- prising a driving shaft, a cam member, governor members secured, respectively, to said shaft and said cam member, a governor weight pivoted to one of said governor members, and means carried by said governor weight at a distance from its pivotal con nection to said one of said governor mem bers having a head limlting movement: of

. said weight in a direction longitudinally of its axis of rotation. w

36. Ina spark controlling mechanism, the combinatiton of a hollow casing, a shaft journalled in said casing and provided with an axial bore at the end thereof, a plate rigidly secured to said shaft, a base for a contact maker forming a cover for said casing, a rotatable member arranged in. substantial alignment with and journalled in said bore in said shaft and journalled in said base on narrow bearings substantially spaced from each other, a contact makeroperating cam mounted on said rotatable member, a plate ri idly secured to-said rotatable member, and means operatively'attached to said plates to drive said rotatable member and to vary the angular relation of said rotatable member with respect to said shaft substantially proportionally to variations in the speed of said shaft.

37. In a spark controlling mechanism the combination of a hollow casing, a shaft journalled in said casing and provided with an axial bore at the top end thereof, a plate rigidly secured to said shaft and bearing upon the top end of said journal, a base for a contact maker forming a cover for the top of said casing, a rotatable member arranged in substantial alignmentwith and journalled in said bore and in said base on bearings spaced from each other and supported by said shaft, a contact maker cam mounted on said rotatable member, a plate rigidly secured to said rotatable member, and means operably attached to said plates to drive said rotatable member from said shaft and vary the angular relation of said rotatable member to said shaft substantially proportionally to variations in the speed of said shaft.

38. In a spark controlling mechanism, the combination of a hollow casing, a shaft journalled in said casing and provided with an axial bore at the top end thereof, a plate rigidly secured to said shaft and bearing upon the top end of said journal, a base for a contact maker forming a cover for the top of said casing, a rotatable'member arranged in substantial alignment with. and journalled in said bore and in said base and supported by said shaft, a contact maker cam mounted on said rotatable member, a plate rigidly secured to said rotatable memher, and means operably attached to said plates to drive said rotatable member from said shaft and vary the angular relation of said rotatable member to said shaft substantially proportionally to variations in the-speed of sald shaft, said means comprising a pair of fiat substantially L-shaped weights pivoted at one end each to one end of said plates, respectively, the laterally extending portions of said weights overlapping each other and pivoted together, and resilient means tending to hold said plates in a predetermined and fixed angular relationship and to counterbalance the centrifugal force of said weights.

39. In a spark controlling mechanism, the combination of a hollow casing, a shaft journalled in said'casing and provided with an axial bore at the top end thereof, a plate rigidly secured to said shaft and bearing upon the top end of said journal, a base for interrupter structure forming a cover for the top of said casing, a rotatable member arranged in substantial alignment with and journalled on short spaced bearings in said bore and in said base, respectively, and supported by said shaft, a cam mounted on said rotatable member, a plate rigidly secured to said rotatable member, and means operatively attached to said plates to drive said rotatable member from said shaft and vary the angular relation of said rotatable men ber to said shaft substantially proportion ally to variations in the speed of said shaft, said means comprising a pair of substantially L-shaped weights pivoted at their ends to said plates, respectively, laterally extending portions of said weights overlapping each other and pivoted together, and resilient means tending to hold said plates in a predetermined fixed angular relationship.

40. In a spark controlling mechanism, the combination of a hollow casing, a shaft journalled in said casing and provided with an axial bore at the to end thereof, a plate rigidly secured to sai shaft, a base for a contact maker forming a closure for the top of said casing, a rotatable member arranged in substantial alignment with and journalled in said bore and in said base and supported by said shaft, a contact maker cam mounted on said rotatable member, a plate rigidly secured to said rotatable member, and means operatively attached to said plates'to drive said rotatable member from said shaft and substantially L-shaped weights loosely piv oted at one end each to one of said plates,

' ing, a cam shaftextendin into the bore of said main shaft, and havln a short cylindrical bearing therewith ad acent said seat therein, said cam shaft being also journalled in said base in a short cylindrical bearing, an advance and retarding mechanism operatively connected to said shaft and said cam shaft to vary the angular relation of said cam shaft tosaid drive shaft substantially proportionally to variations in the speed of said drive shaft whereby said cam shaft is freely driven from said drive shaft through said mechanism, and a contact maker cam mounted on said cam shaft above said base.

42. In aspark controlling mechanism, the combination of a cup-shaped casing, a main shaft journalled in said casing and pro-. vided with a bore extendin axially fromthe top end thereof and terminating in a seat or step, a base plate for a contact maker secured to the top of said casing and forming a cover therefor, a rotatable member extending into the bore of said main shaft and supported on said seat or step, and having a short cylindrical bearing with the interior of said bore adjacent said seat or step, said base being provided with a short cylindrical bearing for said rotatable member, an advance and retarding mechanism within said casing and below said base and operatively connected to said shaft and to said rotatable member, and a contact maker cam mounted on said rotatable member.

43. In a spark controlling mechanism, the combinationof a hollow casing, a drive shaft journalled in said casing, a plate rigidly secured to the top of said shaft, an interrupter base rigidly secured to the top of said casing and forming a closure therefor, a cam, a rotatable member journalled at one end in said base plate adjacent said cam and in a relatively short bearing therefor and journalled at its other end within said drive shaft and engaging the interior of said bore on a relatively short cylindrical bearing surface adjacent the end of said rotatable member, and a plate rigidly secured to said rotatable member, means between said plates and within said casing for varying the angular relationship of said cam to said driving shaft substantially proportionally to variations in the speed of said driving shaft.

44. In a spark controlling mechanism, the combination of a driving shaft, a plate rigidly secured tosaid drive shaft, a cam shaft, a cam on said shaft for operating a contact maker, a plate on said cam shaft, 1

a flat L-shaped weight pivoted at one end of said first mentioned plate, a fiat L-shaped weight pivoted at one end on said mentioned second. plate, means to pivot the free ends of said weights together, and a spring having one end secured to said first mentioned plate and its other end secured to the pivot on said second mentioned plate and operative to hold or retain on its pivot the weight on said second mentioned plate.

45. Irr a spark controlling mechanism,

the combination of a drive shaft, a contact a maker cam, a rotatable member carrying said cam and extending into said driving shaft and supported on a step bearing therein said rotatable member having a short cylindrical hearing .within said shaft adjacent said step bearingand being out of contact with said shaft at other points, a plate secured to said drive shaft, aplate secured to said rotatable member, means connecting said plates whereby said rotatable member is driven by said drive shaft and whereby the angular relation of said cam is varied substantially proportionally to.variation in the speed .of said drive shaft, and a short cylindrical bearing for said rotatable member above said plate on said rotatable member whereby said rotatable member may rotate freely on an axis slightly out of alignment with the axis of said drive shaft.

46. 21h a spark controlling mechanism, the combination of a drive shaft, a cam, a rotatable member on which said cam is mounted, a bearing for said rotatable member adjacent said cam, a stop bearing for said rotatable member within said drive shaft, and means to vary the angular relation of said cam to said drive shaft substantially proportionally to variations in the speed of said drive shaft, said means comprising a plate secured to said rotatable member, a plate secured to said drive shaft, a pair of iL-shaped weights loosely pivoted at one end each to one of said plates respectively, said pivots being on one side of a line passing through the axis of said shaft and the laterally extending portions of said weights overlapping each other and loosely pivoted together, a complemental pair of similar weights similarly pivoted, respectively, to said plates and to each other and symmetrically disposed on the opposite side of said line, means to keep said weights out of contact with said plates and out of contact with each other, and resilient means tending to hold said plates in anfixed posi-' and counterbalance the centrifugal force of said weights.

47. In a spark controlling mechanism, the combination of a driving shaft, a plate rigidly secured to said driving shaft, a cam shaft, a cam on said shaft for operating a contact maker, a plate on said cam shaft, a flat L- shaped weight pivoted at one end to one of said plates and a similar flat L-shaped Weight pivoted at one end to the other of said plates, a guiding slot in one of said plates, a pivot pin loosely pivotingtogether the free ends of said weights and extending through said guide-way in one of said plates, and a spring having its opposite ends secured, respectively, to said plates to counterbalance the centrifugal force of said weights.

48. Ignition controlling apparatus comprising a driving shaft, a cam member, governor members secured, respectively, to said shaft and cam member, a governor weight pivoted to one of said governor members, the other of said governor members having an opening, and means carried by said governor weight at a distance from its pivotal connection to said one of said governor members extending into said opening and serving to limit the extent of angular movement of said governor members with respect to each other.

49. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a rotating governor member, and a weight having a pivotal connection to said governor member with looseness permitting said weight to slide upon said governor member.

50. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a rotating governor member, and a weight having a pivotal connection with said governor mem er with looseness permitting said weight to be sustained by and to slide upon said governor member at a 45 distance from said pivotal connection.

51. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a plurality of governor members, and a weight having a pivotal connection with one of said governor members with looseness permitting said weight to slide upon another of said governor members.

52. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a plurality of governor members, and weights having pivotal connections with said governor members, respectively,

said pivotal connections affording looseness permitting said weights to slide upon one of said governor members.

53. The combination with ignition tim ing structure, as a cam, of a governor therefor comprising a plurality of governor members, and weights having pivotal connections with said governor members, respectively, said pivotal connections affording looseness permitting said weights to slide upon each Ether and upon one of said governor memers.

54:. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short governor therefor comprising rotating governor plates, a flat plate weight, and means connecting said weight to one of said plates with looseness permitting said weight to slide u on one of said governor plates.

55. he combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short light governor therefor comprising rotating governor plates, .a fiat plate weight, and a pivotal connection between said weight and one of said plates having looseness permitting said weight to slide upon said one of said governor plates.

5.6. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short light governor therefor comprising rotating gov- .of rotation.

57. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short light governor therefor comprising rotating governor plates, a fiat plate weight, a pivotal connection between said weight and one of said plates having looseness permittin said weight to slide upon said one of sai governor plates, one of said plates having an opening. and means extending into said opening for limiting relative adjustment of said governor plates.

58. The combination with ignition timing structure, as a cam, of an axially short light governor therefor comprising rotating governor plates,"a flat plate weight, a pivotal connection between said weight and one of said plates having looseness permitting said weight to slide upon said one of said governor plates, one of said plates having an opening, and a member projecting from said weight extending into said opening for limiting relative adjustment of said governor plates.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 30th day of June, 1921.

ARTHUR ATWATER KENT.

said governor plates, and a control spring normally ex tendlng radially with respect to the axis

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