US1402684A

US1402684A - And one-foubth to clatjb w

Info

Publication number: US1402684A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1922-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 1939-01-03

Description

M. E. THOMAS.

.DRiLL BIT.

APPLICATION man FEB.

Patented Jan. 3, 1922.

@51% W j mmm' UNITED` STATES PATENT OFFICE.

:MARTIN n. THOMAS, or aUBnEY, Texas,"nssrenor.` or ONE-FOURTH 'ro JOHN Ll. Finns, onnroonrn rowinr. n. rains, ONE-erstarrt rro Lonnie n. I-rnrivnn,

ALL OF `"EIOGrJi, TEXAS, AND ONE-FOURTH TO CLAUD W. HOPPER, OF` AUBREY Texas.

DRILL BIT.

Specification Of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 3, 1922.

` Application led February 26, 1921. Serial No. 448,0a9.

T 0 all whom it 'may concer/a:

Be it lrnown that I, MARTIN E. THOMAS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Aubrey, in the county of Denton and State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Drill Bit, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in drill bits, and more particularly to a type of the saine `adapted for use in the boringor drilling of oils wells, and the like.

The primary object of the invention is to provide for adevice of the character mentioned, and one of a nature admitting of the placing and driving of sections of the well casing downward of the drilled bore simultaneously with the boring` or drilling opera.- tion, and the ready withdrawal or replace ment of the drill bit upward or downward through the placed sections of the casing at any time during such boring or drilling op eration, or at the conclusion thereof. j

A further object of the invention isto provide for a drill bit of the class described, and one embodying features of automatic expansion and contraction of certain of the cutting' elements thereof depending upon` the direction of the rotationof same, or of its insertion into and withdrawal from a par tially drilled or cased bore. j

lilith the foregoing and other objects in view, the invention resides in the` certain novel and useful construction and arrange ment of parts as will be `hereinafter more fully described, set forth. in the appended claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which j Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the drill bit in operative position within the lower end of well casing section, the latter being in cross section, x

Fig. 2 is a view similar to that of Fig.` 1 with the drill bit turned a quarter revolution from its position inthe latter, i

Fig. 8 is a bottom plan view of the drill bit, and the adjacent end of a well casing section with the cutters of the former in Operative or expanded position, the parts being relatively arranged as in Fig. 1, and,

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing the cutters of the drill bit in inoperative or contracted position.

Referring to the drawing, wherein similar characters of reference designate correspending parts in the several views thereof,

the numeral 10 indicates a drillshank of a suitable weight of metal, preferably circular 1n cross section, for a major portion of its length and gradually increasing in diameter at its lower end to provide an enlarged head portion 11. The enlarged head portion 11 has its end face formed to provide pairs of connected angularly disposed plane` faces 12--12 and 13--13, the upper

angular faces

12 and 13 ofeach pair of faces being reversely disposed one diametrically opposite the other with their upper edges aligning on the mean diameter of the head portion and their lower ends connecting theV lower

angular faces

12 and 13 which incline latorally therefrom, and are also disposed one diametrically Opposite the other, both angular faces of each pair of such faces being outwardly and downwardly inclined or bev-.- eled, as shown.

Spaced above and extending parallel to the

angular faces

12 and 13 of each pair of the angularly disposed plane faces and of slightly less area with respect thereto are a pair of angularly disposed integral por tions or

ears

14 and 15, respectively, at the inner sides of which are formed

shoulder portions

16 and 17, the walls of which shoulder portions curve outwardly from parts im* mediately adjacent the longitudinal center of the bit, and into the periphery of the head portion 11. Formed inthe

integral portions orrears

14 and 15 are slots 18 and 19, respectively, which entend 0n lines approximating chords of the circles formed by the peripheral wall of the head portion of the bit shank.

j Mounted on the angularly

inclined faces

12 and 13 are a pair of

circular cutters

20 and 21, respectively, the same being free for rotation on fixed journal pins 22, which are so positioned as to have their peripheral edges rotated within the curvature of the peripheral wall of the head portion of the bit shank. A pair of

rotary cutters

23 and 24 are journaled on bolts 25, one of which is slidably engaged in the slot 18 of the car 14:, and the other similarly engaged in slot 19 of the ear 15. By reason of the radial and chordal inclination of the

ears

14 and 15, and consequently of the slots 18 and 19, the bolts 25 normally rest in the outer lower end of the latter, so that the peripheral edges of the cutters 23 and 2d are retracted to positions within the confines of the circle de fined by the peripheral Wall of the head portion 11, While theybolts 25 move to the upper opposite ends of the `slots 1S and .19 for p'roJecting goodly portions of the peripheral edges of the

cutters

23 and 24 out- Wardly of the peripheral Wall of the head portion 11, Whenthe `bit is placed in operative position and rotated in the desired clock- Wise direction. y

In the use of the drill bit thus provided, the ksame is to be operatively connected to any suitable power mechanism, and directed end-on against the ground surface Where it is desired to drill a well. In the present construction, the drill bit is operative when rotated in. aV clock-Wise direction, when the engagement with the ground will cause the movable cutters 23 and '24 to project out- Ward of the periphery of the head portion ll with their journal pins or bolts at the inner upper ends of the slots 18 and 19, in Whichlposition these cutters determine the yfull diameter of the bore to be drilled, While the fixedlcutter's 20'and 21 cut away the central portion of the bore, the cut or loosened soil being directed from both sets of cutters upward through the `inclined slot-Ways or recesses Vformed between the opposed faces of the angular faces12 and 13 of the head portion 11 and the

ears

14 and 15.

Itis particularly desired in the use of this ydrill bit forl drilling oil Wells and the like,

to have a casingsection placed in the bore of the Well after-thesamehasbeen formed to a suitable depth, and other casing sections may be connected to the rst positioned section and driven home into the bore correspondingly With'its increased depth. If for any reason it becomes necessary to Withdraw the drill vbit from the boreof the partially drilled and encased well, the upward pull of the drill bit causes the

cutters

23 and 24 to `be'freed from contactivith the Wall vof the bore by the bolts 25, carrying the same, tending to movel Vdownwardly of the slots 18 and 19 for lthe retraction ofV these cutters ,backward and inward of the peripheral wall of the head portion 1l of the bit shank, when the bit may be readily Withdrawn upward' of the bore of the Well and of the casing sections, the latter beingdesignated at 26 of the drawings, the diamater of the head portion 11 ofV the bit shank 10 being substan- 'tiallyless :than that ofthe casing sections.

shank, and means admitting of certain of the cutters movingl outwardly of the bit shank-to cutting position outn'ardlv o'l the side Wall thereof when the bit is rested on the bottom of the bore and turned in one direction, the cutters being `Withdrawn from cutting position by turning the bit 'in the opposite direction.

2. A drill bit comprising a bit shank, rotary cutters iixedly and angularly mounted on the Working end of the bit shank. and certain other rotary cutters angularlv mounted for movement outnf'ardly olf the bit shank-to cutting position, outwardly olfV the side Wall thereof when the bit is rested on the bottom of the bore and turned in one direction, the cutters beingl withdrawn from cutting position by turning the bit in the opposite direction.

3. A drill bit comprising a shank portion and an enlarged head portion formed to provide a plurality of angularly disposed plane faces, rotary cutters lixedly mounted on rertain of the inclined faces ol' the head portion, and certain other rotary mounted for movement outnardlxY oli the bit shank-to cutting position outwardly of the side Wall thereof when the bit is rested on the bottom of the bore and turned in one direction, the cutters being witlnlrawn l'roin cutting position by turniiig the bit in the opposite direction.

4. A drill bit comprising a shank portion and an enlarged head portion formed to provide a plurality of angularly disposed plane faces, rotary cutters iixcdly mounted on certain of the inclined faces ol the head portion, and certain other rotary cutters alternately mounted for movement outwardly of the bit shank-to cutting position outwardly of the side Wall thereof when the bit is rested on the bottom of the bore and turned in one direction, the cutters being Withdrawn from cutting position by turning the bit in the opposite direction.

V5. A drill bit comprising a cylindrical shank portion and an enlarged cylindrical head portion formed to provide a plurality of correspondingly inclined plane faces, rotary cutters fixedly mounted ou certain of the inclined faces of the head portion, and certain other rotary cutters alternately mounted for movement outwardly of the bit shank-to cutting position outwardly o l the side Wall thereof u'hen the bit is rested on the bottom of the bore and turned in one direction, the cutters being withdrawn from cutting position by turning the bit in the opposite direction. Y'

6. A drill bit comprising a cylindrical shank portion and an enlarged cylindrical head portion formed to provide a plurality of correspondingly inclined faces, alternateliY arranged inclined faces being under-cut to provide correspondingly inclined material cutters l l (l directing slot-Ways, rotary cutters liiiedly mounted on certain ot tlie inclined tecee ot the lieed portion, and cortein other rotary cutters mounted on tlie elternetely arranged inclined trices tor movement outwerdly of the bit Slienle-to cutting position outwerdly ot the side well thereot Wlien tlie bit is rested on tlie bottoni ot the bore end turned in one direction, tlie ycutters being witlidrewn troni cutting position by turning.; tbe bit in tlie opposite direction.

7. A` drill bit conipraising,l e, drill elienlr having its working end torined to provide e series ot engulerly inclined pleno tecee correspondingly arranged in e cliordel direction thereof, alternate feces et e series oit suoli feces being undercut to provide rneteriel directing slot-Ways, lined rotary cutters mounted on certain ot tbe ite/cee inwerdly ot the side well of tbe drill slienlr7 cliordnlly arranged elot-Weys torrned in the otlier ot seid trices, end rot-airy cutters mounted in seid lest mentioned elot-Wnye tor tlie nievernent ot tbe cutting' edges tliereot' outward ol" tlie side Woll oit the drill slienlr when operated.

8. l drill bit comprising e drill slienlr lier/ing its working end roi-ined to provide o series olf angular-ly inclined plone i'ztces correspondingly arranged on oliordel lines tliereot, elternete tacos et e serien ot suoli 'tacos being undercut to provide nieteriel directing slot-ways, extending in plenee parallel to the plane feces coinplernentel thereto, lined rotary cutters mounted on certein et tlie trices inwardly et tlie eide well of the drill slienlr, slot-Ways extending` transversely ot tlie other oi" seid feces end on cliordnl linee with respect to tbe drill slienlr, and rotery cutters rnonnted inseid lest nientioned slot-Weys iter title inoveinent ot tlie cutting edges thereof outward et tbe side Well ot tbe drill elienli nv'lien operated.

9. A drill bit cirrnprieinp,1 e drill slienlr ot circuler cross section end tepered in e 'for- Werd direction to provide en enlarged Worlring; end portion, tbe 'working end portion being` torined to proride e series ot enge lerly inclined pleno ieces correspondingly errenged on cliordel lines tliereot elternete feces oit e series ot suoli teclee being undercut to provide rneteriel directingv slot-Weys ei:- tendlng in 'llenos peiellel to tbe plaine reces complement-el tlieretd lined rotery cutterel mounted on certain et tbe lecce inwardly oi tliie side well of tbe drill sbonk, slot-Weye extending; transversely oit tlie other el. seid trices end on cliordel lines Witli respect to tlie drill slienlr, end rotery cutters niounted in seid lest mentioned slot-weys tor the inovernent oi tbe cutting` edges tliereot out- Werd oi" tlie side 'Well oit tlie drill elinnlr when opereted l0. drill bit barring e, plurelity ot rotery cutters mounted on tlie working end tliereot, certain ot cutters beingmount-ed tor :f ie bit to cuttinp` position outwor ot tbe side well tliereot when tlre bit ie rested on tbe bottoni oit the bore end turned in one directiorn tbe cutters being; 'witlidrown troni cutting1 position by turning,n tbe bit in the opposite direction. ll. l drill. bit boring its working end torined to provide e plurelity or plaine reces eecli extending troni tie center to tlie cireurnterence end downwardly end torwerdly inclined reletire to tlie exis tliereoi", end e rotery cutter mounted on eecli of tbe Seid pleno tecee, certein ot seid cutters being` inounted lor movement outwardly oit tlie bit to cuttingposition outwardly ot the side tliereot when tlie bit is rested on the bottoni oit tlie bore end turned in one direction9 tlie cutters being Witlidrewn trein cuttingv position by turning tbe bit in the opposite direction.

ln testimony Wliereot9 l etliir iny eignetnre lieretc.

lllllltllllll' ld. 'll-lllllellltl.