US1400390A - Apparatus for the classifying and separation of solid bodies by combined action of orientation, deviation, and derivation - Google Patents

Description

R. E. TROTTIER. APPARATUS FOR THE CLASSIFYING AND SEPARATION OF SOLID BODIES BY COMBINED ACTION OF ORIENTATION, DEVIATION, AND DERIVATION.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 21,191?- 1,400,390.

Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

I A REE. women. APPARATUS FOR THE CLASSIFYING AND SEPARATION OF SOLID BODIES BY COMBINED ACTION OF ORIENTATION, DEVIATIOIN, AND DEBIVATION.

. APPLICATION EILED' NOV, 21, 19H- 1,400,390 Patented Dec. 13, 1921.

j? 2 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MMM

RENE EMILE TROTTIEB, 01? PUTEAUX,

APPARATUS FOR GLASSIFYZN Alli EPTPAEJLTIGN 03: BY

ACTION OF ORIENTATION. DEVIATION, AND DEREVATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 21, 1917. Serial No. 203,278.

(GRANTED UNDER THE FROVISIQHS (BE THE To #7? whom 2? may concern:

Be it known that l, linnr': EMILE Tnorrinu, a citizen oi the ltlopublic o't France, and a resident of 84: Rue de la Rpuloliquei Puteaux. Feinc. in the Republic of France. llfl e invc'ntcd a new and useful lpna atus the Classifying: and i' f lol d Bodies sanitation by Combined Action of @rieiiliation Deviation, and Derivation, (for which i have filed application in France Feb. i916.) ct which the tolltwrin. is a spec-ii This invcntic s in an apparatus for the tying an tion of solid bodies accordi to which t particles to be separated are first classified simultaneously by equivalence and acct rdintzj to their shape then submitted to the acti-tf of appropriate separatin;- currents determining successively the deviation andthe regression or derivation'of the particles according to their equivalence and their shape. This improved apparatus, utilizing; simul taneously the difference of the form ot the grains and their equivalence, permits the separatiou of suhstances'otthc same den sity and the same equivalence, but ct (litierent nature and form, and consequently a classification giving results superior to those obtained by apparatus hitherto used and dealing with the same substances. being; etfccted.

To render the following description clear. it may be here stated that two bodies are termedequivalent when they sink in water at the same rate By the term deviation is meant the action produced in a body falling in a fluid and resisting medium by an incidental force whose directioumakcs any angle with the vertical, the vertical component of this force being insufficient to reverse the direction of movement of the fall ng body and, consequently, smaller than that nec sary to counterbalance the weight of the body, deduction being made for the volume of water displaced. Finally. by the term derivation is meant the action produced under the above indicated conditions by an incidental force in a direction opposed to the vertical or making with the latter an angle less than 90, the vertical component of L tillS force being sufiicient to reverse the direction of movement of the falhng body, and cona density but 01'? very difilercnt form for ere tion of least resistance. more slowly the nearer the position 01' tell 38cc. l3, lo /l s, c1 t., 3.313.)

. fill with ins oi coiial volume and m n l e one sph (as. rl the other ilat.'the ihcrical {rain falls vertically in a stra' 'ht \vliih tint grain lows croe or in other words ta cs about or oscila and it does in i reach the bottom of l ssl. till ati'c. he fpllfilli'itll grain. Qn repeating this experiment after putting; the water in motion from bottom to top, will be found that the spherical. 'n. on the contraiy. will. reach the bottom the =scl after the flat grain if the plane of the atcst or ciicctivc section of the latter is istantially vertical. This is because the at on the spherical action of the cuirr is maintained constant by reason of tic eticctive section of such a grain remaining invar' leg while the tlat grain immediatcly orientated or turned by the curren in manner present to the current th The flat 'ain tans its plans of greatest section approaches the horirontal. plane.

Thus, the spec fluid and resii" escent of bodies in a iuin decrease as'the ratio of their and increase thisratio and as the 0 flow of the medium when the medium is in movement and the plane of the largest section 01? the body appi.'oaches the vertical. Ry interposing devices appropriate for tie viation and derivation while these phenomena are produced, it should be possible to ob tain an eltective separation of the bodies accordinc 'to their forms and quite inclepend ently of their density. Such is the basis oi the present invention; 7 i Fig ui'e l of the accompanying drawings is a diagrammatic view of the apparatus in its simplest form.

Figs. 2 and 3 are a vertical section and a plan showing the preferred construction of the apparatus l Fig. lisa vertical section showing the feeding of the apparatus by means of an oscillating separating device of the kind described in the United States Patent No. 10374301, dated September th 1913.

' In the several figures corresponding parts are denoted by similar numerals.

The apparatus in Fig. 1 is composed of a vessel having two parallel vertical walls 1, a third wall 2 that is inclined and a fourth wall 3, which preferably is also slightly inclined or curved. At a suitable distance from this latter is arranged a partition 4 in a manner to form a passage 5. On the inclined wall. 2 is placed a plate 11 with a bent end, which extends to about the level of the lower end of the passage 5. At about that level commence two diverging emptying channels 7 and 8, and adyoining the latter 1s another channel 9. Qpposite plate 11, a duct 10 opens into the side wallof the vessel and conducts again-st the lower face of the plate 11 water under pressure in a manner to set up an ascendmg current of water in passage 5, whlle a slight descend ng current is set up in the vessel by means of an adduction of water. The feeding in of the material to be classified is effected by means of a suitable distributer arranged at 12 above the levelof the water andover the inclined wall 2. The compartment 6 is provided with an overflow 13 and the passage 5 is also fillportion of wall 2 and the plate 11; the round pf water issuing fromthe side duct 10, are mmediately carried by the current into the grains advance in front of the flat grains since the latter fall slowerand are, moreover, retarded by rubbing on plate 11. On

arrival at the bottom of plate 11 the lightest grains, incapable of traversing the currentpassage 5 up to the level of the overflow, .4, while the heavier grains, capable of travers mg the current fall toward the orifice of the outlet 7. The round grains, too light to reach outlet 7 but too heavy to reach overflow 14. rise part "way up the passage 5, then fall, sliding along wall 3 of the vessel and finally arrive at outlet 9, or they are thrown directly into 8 by deviation. 4

As to the flat grains, which slide in rear of the round grains on the inclined surfaces 2, 11, lying on their large face, they are presented flatwise to the ascending current, that is to say under conditions, most unfavorable for traversing it and, retainedin this position by the descending current inthe vessel. they are diverted toward the passage 5 the 1 ,aoaseo combined effect of the two currents is such as to turn them so that they present their smallest section tothe flow of the water, and, consequently, fall, sliding along the outer wall 3 where the ascending current is slower than on the opposing wall 4, and finally.

At overflow 14, light products, or of low A equivalence (derived Moreover, if the substances are sedimentary, the fine particles in suspension are evacuated by the overflow 13 in the compartment 6 of the vessel.

. Itgoes without saying that when there is no disadvantage in mixing several kinds of products, the outlet ducts 8 and 9 can be combined in one or both can be omitted.

The apparatus above described is free from the faults found in the Spitz-Kristen apparatus generally used for classifying by equivalence substances too line for their volumetric classification to be possible.

In the improvedsystem of classified sepa ration as it will be seen theparticles, after submission to a classification byequivalence in still water, are subjected to a second classification, according to their form, in moving water, without any particle being able to remain is suspension at any moment.

A more practical form of the apparatus for effectingthe' object of the invention is constructechas shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in a manner to allow of its adjustment for obtaining the best results for a given substance and to adaptthe apparatus to the classification of different substances. 1'

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 an auxiliary partition 15 is added, and below it is a spindle 16 about which is adapted to turn a plate 17 connectedby a hinge 18 to plate 4 to which is given the same curvature as the fixed wall 3 of the vessel; at the upper part of this plate 4 is articulated a bell crank lever 19 whose axis of rotation 20 is carried by the fixed walls of the vessel. By operating this lever the plate '4 can be brought nearer (as indicated indotted lines a in Fig. 2) or. retracted farther from the wall of the vessel in order to increase or diminish regulating the passage way between piece 18 and piece 24, and consequently the speed Leooeeo of the current descending in the vessel, without interfering with the parallelism of walls 4 and 5 for the ascending current.

On plate 17 is articulated one end of a connecting rod 22, adjustable by means of the members 23, the other end of rod 22 being attached to the flanged plate 11; plate 11 is displaced at the same time as the movable partition at and the position of its bent end is automatically adjusted by the same regulation as that for the section of passage 5.

Finally, a register Bel sliding on the wall of the outlet passage 7 and furnished with clamping screws 25 permits the size of the entrance orifice of this passage, and the amplitude of the deviation, being regulated.

' A weighted shutter 26, movable on the knife edges 27 can under the action of the current of water entering at 10 turn aside in a manner to distribute it and to regulate it,

The height of the overflow weir 14, at the upper part of the curved partition 3, is adjusted by means of the removable wooden frames 28 held between guides. The same arrangement is applied to the overflow gutter 13.

For feeding the apparatus shown, Figs. 2 and 3, a vertical ,distributer with prongs 12 arranged in the main compartment of the vessel is employed. For preference, the diluted substance is thrown intermittently on to the distributer so that the flat grains are not submitted at the same time as the round grains to the action of the currents at the lower part of the inclined plate 11; this, however, is not indispensable.

In Fig. i is an apparatus in which the distributer 12 is replaced by an oscillating device 29 of the kind described in the above cited patent which is adapted to cause a classification by volume and density, without the in luence of equivalence, before the classification by equivalence which will be effected by derivation, which permits a complete washing operation giving the desired concentration and separation. It goes without saying that for each substance which it may be desired to classify there should be employed a series of these combined apparatus. with differently perforated screens constituting the oscillatory devices.

Grains larger than the. screen perforation and of high equivalence going out at the head of the oscillatingscreen 29, fall into the conduit 30 situated in front of the vessel. to be treated in an oscillator having a screen with larger pcnfora tions. The lighter grains of small equivalence, going out at the lower end. fall into 31 in the middle compartment of the vessel and are constantly evacuated, for instance by means of an Archimedean screw 32, All the grains passing through the meshes of the screen will be subjected to the action of the derivation currents in the manner described above.

Having: thus described my invention, what .L claim as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent is p 1. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means for supplying a classifying medium to the upper part thereof, means for depositing in the medium ma terial to be classified, a downwardly extending surface adapted to interrupt the dowir ward movement of the material, a partition arranged adjacent the side of the vessel op posite said surface for forming a channel between said partition and said side of the f' vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from said vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from said channel, an outlet at the top of said channel, and means for supplying a classifying medium to the lower portion of the vessel to ascend in said channel, whereby the material is classified and different parts thereof ejected from said various outlets;

'2. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means for supplying a classifying medium to the'upper part thereof, means for intermittently depositing in" the medium materials of different form to be classified, a downwardly extending sur face adapted to interrupt the downward movement of the material, a partition arranged adjacent the side of the vessel opposite said surface for forming a channel between said partition and said side of the vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from said vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from said channel, an outlet at the top of said channel, and means for supplying a classifying medium to the lower portion of the vessel to ascend in said channel, whereby the material is classified and different parts thereof ejected from said various outlets.

3. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means for supplying a classifying medium to the upper part there of, means for depositing in the medium material to be classified, a downwardly extending surface adapted to interrupt the downward movement of the material, an auxiliary partition located in the vessel and fitted to direct the material toward said surface, a main partition arranged adjacent the side of the vessel opposite said surface for forming a channel between said partition and said side of the vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from said vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from said channel, an outlet at the top of said channel, means for supplying a classifying medium to the lower portion of the vessel to ascend in said channel, and means for varying the distance between said surface and said auxiliary part tion and between said main partition and the adjacent side of said vessel, whereby the material is classified and different parts thereof ejected from said various outlets.

4. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means for supplying a classifying medium to the upper part there of, means for depositing in the medium material to be classified, a downwardly extending surface adapted to interrupt the downward movement of the material, an auxiliary partition located in the vessel and fitted to direct the material toward said surface, a main partition arran ed adjacent the side of the vessel opposite said surface for forming a channel between said partition and said side of the vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from said vessel, a downwardly extending outlet from said channel, an outlet at the top of said channel, means for supplying a classifying medium to the lowerportion of the vessel to ascend in said channel, and means for varying the distance between said surface and said auxiliary partition and between said main partition and the adjacent side of said vessel and for varying theisize of the downwardly extending outlet from the vessel, whereby the material is classified and difierent parts thereof eject ed from said various outlets.

5. Apparatus of the character described comprising, a vessel, means for supplying a classifying medium to the upper part thereof, means for depositing in the medium material to be classified, means for supplying a classifying medium to the lower portion of the vessel, outlets at the bottom and top of the vessel, a main partition in said vessel, an auxiliary partition in said vessel, said auxiliary partition being connected to said main partition, a downwardly extending surface in said vessel, and a slide located in an outlet in the bottom of the vessel, both said partitions, said surface and said slide being adjustable for affecting the conditions of treatment of the material whereby the same may be properly classified.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, 1 have signed my name in presence of two witnesses, this seventh day of February, 1917.

RENE sinnn rnorrmn. I

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