US1395898A - Condenser - Google Patents

Description

J. A. BISHOP.

Y CONDENSER. APPLICATION FILED MAY 26. I9I9.

1 395 898. Patented Nov. 1, 1921. I KX 2sIIEETs-sIIETI.

I. A. BISHOP.

CONDENSER.

1, 1921. I 2 SHEETS--SHEETl 2.

Patented Nov.

' Effe/afar,"

yAPPLICATION FILED MAY 26, 1919.

UNITED STATES JAMES A. BISHOP, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CONDENSER.

Specification of Letters Patent,

Patented NOV. 1, 1921.

Application filed May 26, 1919. kSerial No. 299,826. I

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, JAMES A. BisHoiga citizen vof the United States, residing at Chicago, county of Cook, ,and State of Illinois, havelin'vented certain new and useful Improvements in Condensers, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention has to do with improvements in oondensers such as are'used for bringing down or precipitating'certain Vconstituents `from vapors and gases in which they are carriedjas, for example, for the precipitation of constituents from retort v'shale-oil vapors, gases 'and other distillates. While the construction herein disclosed is lvery well adapted for cooling the gases from retort'shale ovens, it is not ink any wise lim-- ited to this particular use, and I do not limit myself to such use except as I may do so in the claims.`

The construction yherein disclosed is especially adapted for use in localities where cooling water is scarce as, for example, in the arid 'and semi-arid regions of the western portion of the United States. One `of the objects of the invention is so to construct the vcondenser or cooler that a maximum port-ion of heat may be abstracted from the gases by the use of a minimum amount of coolingrwater. In this connection one object is to so arrange the parts that the temperature may be reduced to the lowest possible Apoint so as to insure a substantially complete condensation andV preoipitation of the hot vapors. A Y

Another object of the invention is to render the operation of the condenser as nearly automatic as possible so as to insure its y proper functioning at all times with a minimum amount -of necessary attention and labor;

Other objects and uses of the invention Y will appear from a detailed description of the same, which consists in the features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

Referring to the drawings: Figure l shows a `longitudinal section through a condenser constructionl embodying the features of the present invention. In this gure I have also shown diagrammatically suitable connections from the condenser to an exhaust fan and to a scrubber; Fig.' '2 shows a:v longitudinal horizontal section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1, looking 'in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 shows a vertical cross section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 4 shows in detail one of the baiiles lin the condenser pipes; and, f

Fig. 5 shows a fragmentary vertical section on the line 5--5 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows.

The condenser comprises a series of ver tical tubes or pipes 5 in conjunction with upper headers 6, 7, 8, and 9 and lower headers 10, l1 and 12. The number of the vertical pipes or tubes 'and the number of the upper and lower headers may be increased or reduced largely at the will of the designer, but for purposes of illustration I have shown four upper headers and three lower headers. The fresh gases orvapor enter the upper header 6 through a connection 1 3, pass down through the corresponding pipes 5 to the lower header l0, pass up- ,wardly through the corresponding pipes to the upper header 7; downwardly through the corresponding pipes to the lower header 1 1; upwardly through the corresponding pipes tothe upper header 8; downwardly through the corresponding pipes to the lower header` 12; and upwardly thro-ugh the corresponding pipes to the upper header 9, whence any remaining gases or vapors are delivered through the connection 14. 4rThe fan or blower 15 provides a suction on the connection 14 whereby said gases or vapors are delivered to the scrubber 16, or any other suitable mechanism.

It will be observed that in the illustrations there are four pipes downwardly from the header 6 to the header 10; four pipes upwardly from the header 10 to the header 7; three pipes downwardly from the header 7 tothe header 11; three pipes upwardly from the header 11 to the header 8; three pipes downwardly from the header 8 to the header 12, and two pipes upwardly from the header 12 to the header 9. By this arrangement then cross sectional area through the .pipes decreases as the vapors approach the point'of discharge, this being in har- Y mony with the fact that the volumev of the vapors also decreases as certain of their constituents are condensed.

Reference to Figs. 2 and 3 in particular will reveal the fact that the headers are generally of rectangular cross section while the tubes are generally circular. Any suitable Vcross sectional form might be substituted,

but that illustrated is of advantage in some cases. lt will also be observed that the tubes are located in staggered relationship and Jprovide a space 17 between them through which cooling air may be circulated. 1t will also be observed from examination of Fig. 2 that by reason of the staggered relationship ofthe tubes, the air is caused to travel in amore or less tortuous path as shown by thefarrow 1S in Fig. 2. This tends to throw the air back and forth against the side walls 19 and 20. f l n The cooling air enters at the end 21 and is discharged from the end 22 in any suitable manner. v Such discharge may be eected, for example, by a stack or chimney 23 to which thedischarge end 22 is connected by a flue 24 the hot `products of combustion from the distilling ovens or other heating struc- `ture being introduced into. the stack through (a pipe 25.

The hot gases so introduced into thewstaclr will create a draft therein which will'tend to draw the cooling air through'the condenser.

. As the cooling airV is drawn through the condenser itubecomes warm as the point of discharge is approached, so that its effect is to increase the draft up the chimney and laterally through'the condenser, thereby increasing the air coolinoca Jacit and eva D f D eration.

1n forder to further improve the cooling effect, l have provided meansfor keeping the side walls Y19: and 2O always in tov Hmore or, less moist condition, so that the air thrown against said side wallswill evapofrate moisture from .them and be correspond y ingly cooled.` 1t is well understood that the evapoiationof a relatively small amount of moisture into a body of air results in a very llarge cooling effect on account of the latent heat of evaporation ofthe water. By this process every degree of'heat carried by the shale vvapors contributes to the cooling of these vapors.v y Y Y a. simple means for niaintaininglthe sidewalls always moist and for improving the evaporation ofmoisture through them,

the following constructions are illustrated:

, ,Y b 1`he said evaporation walls 19 and 20, to

`which the air is exposed, are preferably laid p in more orless loose and disconnected fashv ion'. should, in suoli cases, be formed by walls 26 .and27 laid up in tight relationship. nthe Aupper portion of the structure is located a rllhe outer casingV of the structure series of spray nozzles or the like28 facing ,alternately in opposite directions and receiv- ,iiig waterl from pipe 29. Water is delivered to said lpipes 29 by a riser 30 to which itis admitted through a valve `31 regulated by a float 32. The lower headers 10, 11, and

to carry the cooling air through it to` the stack 23, thus cooling'the water in the trough. by the liberation of compressedammonia', gas,ror other forn of gas, sprayed into the pipes 34 and'35 to convert the said trough and water into an ice machine. If desired, also, a `,vent space 36 may be provided beneath the trough and leading into the stack,

so that the entire outer surfaceofth'e trough will be cooled more orV less by the air flowing i through.

rllhe condensate collecting in the lower headers 10, 11 and 12 should: be removed therefrom by the pipes'V 37, 38 and 39'illus4` tratedy in Fig. 1, or in any other suitable Vmanner, in order to relieve the condenser of :the heat which they carry and to fractionate the products of condensation. A roof 410 is set over the entire length of the structure so as to insure a proper travel of the cooling air through it. .y

Reference to Figjl will reveala baffle'il having a notch 42 in its side portion. Thesel bafflesw are set into the vertical pipes vor tubes 5 with their notches facing alternately in opposite directions, 'so that the gases flowingthrough the tubes are compelled to baclrand forth and from side to kside. This .action will very greatly improve the'r cooling effect of the tubes by' bringing the gases into intimate contact with thevfinterior vof the tubes.

lt will be observed vthat ask air is drawn through the condenser, its temperature. rises owing to the abstraction of heat yfrom the tubes 5 and their contents, but as its temper- This water may be further cooled 'i baille iio aturerises, itis capable of abstracting more and morewater from the side walls by,

evaporation. Consequently its coolingcapa-Y' city increases correspondingly, so that the amount of cooling effect ultimately securedY is verymuch larger,than wouldotherwise be secured. c. l y l ,5' y

While I have herein lshown and described only a lsingle embodimentof the features Vof my inventiomxvstill I dof'notlimitanyself to said embodiment exceptas I'm'ayvdoso inthe claims.y 7 l 1. vA condenser of the class described com prising in combination a` series vof. upper headers in horizontal alinement .with leach other, a'series of lower headers located in iso horizontal alinement with each other and beneath the upper headers, the end portions of the lower headers lying beneath the end portions of the upper headers and breaking joints therewith, vertical tubes extending between the upper and lower headers to provide a path of travel for distillate vapors alternately down and up through the successive pipes and the headers, an elongated chamber wherein said headers and pipes are located, the side walls of said chamber comprising bricks, a pan wherein the lower portions of said walls and the lower headers are located, spray nozzles for directing water against the upper portions of the walls, a water header therefor, a valve for controlling the delivery of water to said header, a float for said valve in said pan, and suitable connections for delivering air into one end of said chamber and for deliveringair from the other end thereof, substantially as described.

2. A condenser of the class described com.- prising in combination a series of vertical tubes, upper and lower headers joining together said tubes in groups, a chamber wherein said header and tubes are located, said chamber having brick evaporation walls, a pan wherein the lower portions of said evaporation walls and the lower headers are located, spray nozzles for directing water against the upper portions of said walls, a water header for said nozzles, a valve controlling the deliveryv of water to said header,'a float for said valve in said pan, and suitable connections at the end portions of said chambers for permitting the entry of fresh air and the withdrawal of warm air therefrom, substantially as described.

3. A condenser of the class described comprising in combination an elongated cham,- ber having its evaporation walls formed o f brick, means for directing sprays of water against the upper portions of said evaporation walls, a pan for collecting water from the lower edges of the walls, a valve for controlling the delivery of water to the spray nozzles, a float for said valve in said pan, vertically extending vapor Vtubes in said chamber located in staggered relationship 4. A condenser of the class describedcoml prising in combination a series of vertical vapor tubes located in staggered relationship with respect to the `travel of air horizontally lbetween them, brick walls adjacent to said pipes and against which air traveling between the pipes is deflected, spray nozzles for spraying water-upon theupper portions of said walls, and means for regulating the delivery of water to said nozzles according to requirements, substantially as described.

5. A condenser of the class described comprising in combination a series offvertical vapor tubes located in staggered relationship with respect to the travel yof air between them horizontally, brick walls adjacent to said pipes and against which said air is deflected in its travel, and means for spraying water onto the upper portions of said walls, substantially as described.

6. A condenser of the class described comprising in combination a series of vertical vapor tubes, connections for delivering gas into one end of said tubes and for withdrawing gas from the other end of said tubes, a pan wherein the lower portions of said tubes are immersed, means for delivering water into said pan, and suitable refrigerator ducts within said pan for refrigeration by ammonia or the like, substantially as described.

'7. A condenser of the class described comprising in combination a series of vertical vapor tubes, a series of connections for delivering distillate gas into and removing said gas from said tubes, and a series of baiiies within each tube located at various positions of elevation, each baflle lying across the tube and-having a notch yin one of its side portions for the passage ofrgas, and the baffles being positioned within their respective tubes with their notches facing alternately in different directions, substantially as described.

' JAMES A. BISHOP.

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