US1391734A - Lubricating device for internal-combustion engines and the like - Google Patents

Description

D. C. HEISTER. LUBRICATING DEVICE- FOR INTERNAL comausnou ENGINES AND THE LIKE. APPLICAIIDN FILED OCT. 2?,1919.

1,391,734. I PatentedSept. 27,1921.

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v UNITED s'TATEs PATENT oFF-ICE.

DANIEL c. HEISTER, or BOULDER, COLORADO;

LUBRICATING DEVICE FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES mp THE 'nmn.

To all whom it may concern."

Be it known that J1, "DANIEL G..H1'3isrnn,a citizen of the United States, residing at Boulder, in the county of Boulder and State of Colorado, have invented or discovered:

certain new and useful Improvements in Lubrlcating Devices for Internal-Gombuss tion Engines and the like, of which the fol- Y .lowing is a specification, reference being bad therein to the accompanying drawings.

Thls inventlon relates to .lubllCtttlllg means, and especially, although not eXclu-' sively, to lubricating devlces for internal COIl'lbllStlOIl englnes.

The invention has for an object to provide animprovcd construction whereby a lubricant, preferably a relatively heavy lubricant, may be evenly and reliably applied to the interior of the cylin- .der through the -medium 0f thepistontherein.

The foregoing and other objects of-the in vention, together. with means whereby the same may be carried into effect, will best be understood from-the following description of one form or embodiment thereof -illus-. trated in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood, however, that the particu'lar construction described and shown has been chosen for illustrative purposes merely,

and that the invention, as definedrby the claims hereunto appended, may be otherwise embodied without departing from the spirit 7 and scope thereof.

In said drawings: Figure 1 is a substantially central longitudinal vertical section of an engine having? the invention applied :thereto. V

Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section taken substantially on the line 2, Fig; 1. I r

.Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail verticalsection of the pump piston and the ad acent portion of'th'e pump cylinder.

The invention, while capable of many other applications, isherein-shown asjembodied in an internal combustion enginehaving a body composed of three sections, namely, a crank case 10, a, cylinder block 11,

and a head block 12, said sections being securedtogether to form a unitary structure, as by means of bolts 13 or otherwise. The crank case lO'is formed with bearings 14 in which is journaled the crank shaft 15 provided, outside said crank case, with the usual The-cylinder block 11 is 1 Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 27,1921.

Application filed October 27, 1919. Serial No. 333,457.

formed to constitute a pair of parallelworkmg or motor cylinders 17 and 18-and a single pump cylinder 19 disposed parallel to said working cylinders between the same, the heads of said working and pump cylinders being formed in'the head block 12. The

cylinder block 11 is chambered to form a.

space 20 which extends about and between the cylinders 17 18, and 19, while the head .block :12 is also chamberedto form a space 21 extending about and between the cylin-.

der heads and communicating with the space 20'between said cylinders and heads, said spaces 20 and 21 collectively providing a water 'ja'cket which completely surrounds and isolates the several cylinders, including the heads thereof,.thereby affording to the water a relatively large cooling surface and avoiding preheating. Within the motor cylinders 17 and 18 aremotor' pistons22 and I 23, respectively, while within the pump cylinder'19 is a pump piston 24; The motor pistons 22 and .23 are connected by rods 25 and 26 with cranks 27 and 28 on the crank shaft 15, while the piston "24 is connected by means hereinafter described'with a crank 29. on said shaft. The cranks 27 and 28 are op; positely disposed, orangula-rly spaced 180 from each other, while the crank 29 is carried by bushings seated in centrally disposed threaded openings in the cylinder heads; Each of the working cylinders 17 and '18 constitutes, with its piston 22 or 23,

a motor unit, while the pump cylinder 19 and piston 24 similarly constitutes a pump unit.

Each of the motor units 17, 22 or '18, 23is single acting, while the pump unit 19, 24- is double acting,'the piston 24 being adapted,

when moved alternately in opposite directions in the cylinder 19, to compress fluid in the opposite ends of said-cylinder, respectively. The cylinders 17', 18 may there fore, as is usual, be open to the crankcase at theirinner ends, while the cylinder-19 is provided with an inner head '34. Rigidly.

attached to the pump piston 24 is a piston rod which passes through a suitably packed opening in the inner cylinder head 34 and is connected at its inner end to a cross head 36 operating in guides 37 depending from said cylinder head 34 and carrying at their inner ends intermediate bearings 38 for the crank shaft 15, said cross head 36 being connected by a pitman 39 with the crank 29. The outer and inner heads of the cylinder 19 are preferably provided respectively with safety valves 40 and 41 carried by. bushings 42 .and 43 seated in threaded 'opemngs 1n sald heads, the opening for the bushing 42 being centrally lo cated to correspond in position to, the bushings 33.. The inner end of the cylinder 19 is provided with a discharge port connected by a pipe or condu-it44 with the outer end or explosion space ofthe cylinder 18, while the outer end of the said cylinder 19 is similarly provided with a discharge port con-J nected by a pipe or conduit 45 with the outer end of the cylinder 17, said pipes 44 and 45 being provided with check valves 46 opening toward the working cylinders. The pipe 44 extends longitudinally through, and is located substantially throughout its length in that portion of the water space 20 between the cylinders 18 and'l9, while the pipe 45 is similarly located in the water space 21 of'the head block 12, thereby providing means for der being provided with inwardly opening check valves 49. The volumetric capaclty of the pump unit, 19, 24 is preferably greater than that of either of the motor units 17, 22

and 18, 23. To this end, in the. construction shown, the diameter of the pump cylinder 19 is greater than that of the working cylinders 17 and 18, the length of the crank 29 being equal to that of the cranks 27 and 28.

In operation, as the piston 22 passes'its middle position on its inward or power stroke, the piston 24 commences to move outwardly thereby compressing a charge in the outer end of the cylinder 19, and, when said piston 22 reaches its innermost posi-' tion, said piston 24 will have reachedits middle position, as shown in Fig. 1. At this time the piston 22 will have uncovered the exhaust ports 30 of the cylinder 17 permitting the partially compressed charge in' the outer end of the cylinder 19 to enter the cylinder 17 through the pipe 45, forcing the combustion gases out through said exhaust-ports and filling said cylinder, this operation being assured by the excess capacity of the cylinder 19 over that of the cylinder '17-, notwithstanding the fact that the piston 24 has at this time only reached its position of midstroke. Thereafter as the piston 22 moves outwardly it closes the exhaust ports 30, and, the piston 24 continuing to move outwardly, the charge will be compressed by both of said pistons until the piston 22 reaches its midstroke, when the piston 24 starts-inwardly, the final compression of the charge being effected by the latter half of the outward movement of the piston 22, upon the completion of which said charge is fired. During the outward movement of the piston 24 a charge is. drawn into the inner end of the cylinder 19 through the manifold 47, which charge is compressed by the piston 24 upon the in? ward movement of the latter, said inward movement serving also to draw a fresh charge into the outer end :of the cylinder 19. When the piston 24 starts inwardly the piston 23 will be in its midposition on its in-. ward or power stroke, but as the piston 24 reaches its J central position the piston 23 uncovers the ports 30 of the cylinder 18, permitting the compressed charge in the inner end of the cylinder 19 to pass through. the pipe 44 to the cylinder 18, said charge being compressed during the outward stroke of the piston 23 and the remainder of the inward stroke of the piston 24 in a mannersimilar to the compression of the charge in the cylinder 17. V

The stroke of the pump piston being quartered with respect to that of each working piston, it will be seen that said pump piston operates, during the first half of each stroke, to exert upon acharge an initial compression (which, by reason of the diiference in volumetric capacity of the motorand pump units, is suflicient to insure the scavenging and chargingof'the corresponding working cylinder), while, during the last half of the stroke of the pump piston and the first half of the compression stroke of the corresponding working piston, said pistons operate simultaneously upon the charge to compressthe same.

In accordance with the present invention special lubricating means are provided for 1 the pump cylinder 19 in view of the closed inner end of the latter, and similar means are preferably also employed for lubricating the working cylinders. As shown in Fig.3 the piston 24 is formed in two sections 50 and 51 having adjacent faces of concave form to provide a lubricant cavity or reservoir 52, the outer edges of said sections being slightly separated to provide a narrow annular slot 53 communicating with the lubricant cavity 52 and with the outer periphery of the piston. While the parts may be otherwise assembled and secured, the piston rod 35 is herein shown as being memes formed adjacent its outer' end witha re-.

duced'portion 55 providing a shoulder5 1,

and at its extreme end beyond the reduced portion 55 with a further reduced portion 56 providing a second shoulder 57. The inner piston section 51 is seated on the shoulder 54:, being clamped thereto by a nut 58 in threaded engagement with the reduced portion 55, and the outer piston section 50 is seated on the shoulder 57 and is clamped thereto by a nut 59 in threaded engagement with the reduced portion 56 and preferably received in a countersunk recess in the outer face of said outer section 50. The piston rod 35 is formed with an axial passage 60 extending to the outer end of said piston rod and communicating at its inner end with one or more radial passages 61 leading to the interior of the lubricant cavity 52, the outer end of said passage 60 being controlled by an inwardly opening check valve 62. One of the piston sections,

2 herein the outer section 50, is provided with one or more longitudinally disposed pressure passages 63 extending from the face of said section to the lubricant cavity 52, said passages being controlled by inwardly opening check valves 64. V

A relatively heavy lubricant is supplied to the reservoir 52, when the piston 24 is in its outermost position, by removing the relief valve bushing 42, inserting a suitable grease gun through the central opening in the outer head of the cylinder 19 and into engagement with the outer end of the passage 60, and forcing the lubricant past the check valve 62 and through the passages 60 and 61 into the lubricant cavity 52. In operation, pressure generated in the outer end of the cylinder 19 by outward movement of the piston 24:, is communicated, through the passages 63, to the lubricant in the cavity 52, causing said lubricant to be forced or fed through the slot 53 and to be spread evenly over the interior of the cylinder 18. Improper escape of the lubricant through the passages 60 and 63 under-the influence of suction or otherwise is prevented by the check valves 62 and 6 1.

As above stated a similar construction is preferably employed for the working pistons 22 and 23, the lubricant reservoirs in said pistons being filled by removal of the centrally disposed spark plug bushings 33, and the lubricant feeding pressure being, of course, generated by the combustion in the working cylinders. The construction described has been found to effect a much more even lubrication of the working cylinders than is possible by means of the usual splash systems, and is especially useful in the engine herein shown and in which, by reason of the double acting pump piston 24c requiring special connection with the crank shaft, the spacing of said crank shaft from the inner ends of the cylinders is necessarily somewhat greater than usual, thereby increasing the difficulty of adequate lubrication of the'cylinders by the usual splash system.

The terms inner and outer are herein used, in accordance with the usual custom, to designate, respectively, the relative positions or ends of the working cylinder toward and from which the working piston travels in making its power stroke, it being assumed, for convenience of description, that the piston moves inwardly on its power stroke and outwardly on its compression stroke. These terms are therefore to be construed merely as referring to the operation of the engine and not as limiting the relative arrangement of its structural parts.

Having thus described my invention I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The combination with a cylinder, of a piston therein comprising a pair of spaced sections providing between them a lubricant reservoir andan annular slot communicating with said .reservoir and with the periphery of said piston.

2. The combination with a cylinder, of a piston therein comprising a pair of spaced sections, said sections having concave adjacent faces providing a lubricant reservoir, and the edges of said sections providing between them an annular lubricant feeding slot.

3. The combination with a piston rod having a pair of shoulders, of a pair of piston sections inclosing between them a lubricant reservoir and providing between their edges an annular lubricant feeding slot, and means for clamping said piston. sections against said shoulders.

4. The combination with a piston rod having a reduced threaded portion providing a shoulder and a second further reduced threaded portion providing a second shoulder, of an inner piston section seated on said first-named shoulder, a nut on said firstnamedthreaded portion clamping said piston section to said shoulder, an outer piston section on said second shoulder, and a second nut on said second threaded portion clamping said outer piston section to said second shoulder, said sections having concave adjacent faces providing a lubricant reservoir, and the edges of said sections providing between them an annular lubricant feeding slot.

5. The combination with a piston rod, of a pair of spaced piston sections thereon providing between them a lubricant reservoir and an annular peripheral lubricant feeding slot, said piston rod having an axial passage extending to the end thereof and radial passages leading from said axial passage to the interior of said lubricant reservoir.

6. The combination with a piston rod, of a pair of spaced piston sections thereon providing between them a lubricant reservoir and an annular peripheral lubricant feeding slot, said piston rod having an axial passage extending to the end thereof and radial passages leading from said axial passage to the'interior, of said lubricant reservoir, and an inwardly opening check valve controlling the axial passage in said piston rod.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

DANIEL C. HEISTER.

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