US1388829A - Protective treatment of materials - Google Patents
Protective treatment of materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1388829A US1388829A US441084A US44108421A US1388829A US 1388829 A US1388829 A US 1388829A US 441084 A US441084 A US 441084A US 44108421 A US44108421 A US 44108421A US 1388829 A US1388829 A US 1388829A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- materials
- antimony
- tarry
- trichlorid
- creosote
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 36
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title description 6
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 21
- WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)N=C2OC=CC2=C1 WHRZCXAVMTUTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 235000006173 Larrea tridentata Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 244000073231 Larrea tridentata Species 0.000 description 13
- 229960002126 creosote Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940075103 antimony Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001462 antimony Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical class [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069428 antacid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003159 antacid agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001458 anti-acid effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 or the like Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31815—Of bituminous or tarry residue
- Y10T428/31819—Next to cellulosic
- Y10T428/31823—Paper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2631—Coating or impregnation provides heat or fire protection
- Y10T442/2656—Antimony containing
Definitions
- This invention relates to protective treatment of materials and especially to treatment of materials for the purpose of reducing their inflammability; and it relates more particularly to the utilization for this purpose of tarry materials such as creosote, tar or pitch, asphalt, and the like, having incorporated therewith a fire-retardant metal compound, more particularly a metal compound, such as a salt of antimony or the like which is soluble in creosote or the like, alcohol, amyl acetate, tetrachlorid or other chlorid of carbon, or other non-aqueous solvent; and to the resultant products.
- a metal compound which is insoluble in water and which is decomposed by water with formation of an insoluble compound or compounds is particularly desirable for purposes of the present invention.
- materials such as creosote, tar, asphalt, and the like, which are here designated generically as tarry mate; rials for purposes of convenience, may be rendered more fire-resistant and less inflammable, by incorporating therewith a fireretardant metal compound of a class typified by compounds of antimony, anhydrous antimony trichlorid being the most desirable representative of this class of compounds at present known .to me; and that materials treated with the so modified tarry substances may be rendered non-inflammable.
- antimony trichlorid For the sake of a concrete disclosure of the invention, theuse of antimony trichlorid will be referred to more particularly hereinafter, but it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the useof antimony trichlorid, the use of which is here described by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
- modified tarry materials prepared as set forth in my prior apphcation aforesaid, are employed to impregnate, coat, or otherwise treat combustible materials, especially fibrous materials, and thereby to render them non-inflammable or substantially so.
- the fire-retardant metal compound employed in practising the present invention may be incorporated directly with the material to be fireproofed, or it may first be dissolved in a suitable solvent vehicle such as carbon tetrachlorid or other carbon chlorid, amyl acetate, or the like, amyl acetate having special advantages for the purposes in view.
- a suitable solvent vehicle such as carbon tetrachlorid or other carbon chlorid, amyl acetate, or the like, amyl acetate having special advantages for the purposes in view.
- creosote derived from distillation of either .coal or wood, treated by dissolving therein antimony trichlorid in the proportion of 2 pounds to each gallon of creosote, is rendered much less inflammable; and materials such as cloth, paper, wood, etc., to which this treated creosote is applied, are rendered very resistant to fire.
- materials such as cloth, paper, wood, etc., to which this treated creosote is applied, are rendered very resistant to fire.
- they When thoroughly impregnated or coated with the preparation, they are rendered non-inflammable. That is, they can be subjected to the direct impingement of a flame without taking fire, even though the flame be directed into contact-with the treated material continuously. The material will eventually carbonize but it will not take fire.
- the amount of antimony tri- According to chlorid employed may vary considerably in accordance with the degree of non-inflammability or resistance to fire which it is desired to attain, but the proportions given in the above specific exam 1e are found in this particular case to rendbr the creosote and articles to which such treated creosote is applied, non-inflammable in the sense above explained and to be therefore thoroughly satisfactory.
- antimony trichlorid in the proportion of one part by weight to four parts of the tar, pitch, or asphalt, yields a substantiall fireproof product, that is, a product which will not inflame.
- the antimonychlorid may first be dissolved in a suitable solvent, and then mixed with the material to be fireproofed.
- the necessary amount of antimony trichlorid may be dissolved in amyl acetate, and this solution then mixed with creosote to give a composition of ex cellent character for impregnation of paper, canvas, or the like; or the mixture may be used, in conjunction with other materials, such as pigments,- varnish gums, etc.,-if desired, by painting it or otherwise applying it as a coating composition to materials or articles of any kind which it is desired to coat or protect.
- amyl acetate or other solution of antimony trichlorid may be incorporated with semi-solid or solid tars, pitches, and asphalts, to give fireproof paints or coating compositions applicable for. numerous purposes. All these mixtures confer non-inflammability upon material treated therewith, when antimony trichlorid is present in sufiicient uantity; and the degree of non-inflammabi lity or fire-resistance may of course be varied as deemed desirable by varying the proportions of antimony trichlorid used.
- the treated products prepared as above described may be applied, when in liquid condition, by brushing, dipping, spraying, etc.; and materials and articles to which such products have been applied are rendered fire-resistant or non-inflammable as already explained and are included within the present invention.
- materials associated with a protective composition comprising antimony trichlorid incorporated with a tarry material in fluid condition in the proportion of about one part of antimony trichlorid to from four to five parts of the tarry material, by weight.
Description
PATENT orrica.
ABTHUR'ARENT, OF DES MOINES, IOWA.
PROTECTIVE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Aug. 23, 1921.
Original application filed .Tune 28, 1919, Serial No. 806,928. Divided and this application filed January To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ARTHUR ARENT, a citizen of the United States, residin at Des Moines, in the county of Polk and tate of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Protective Treatment of Materials; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description' of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
This invention relates to protective treatment of materials and especially to treatment of materials for the purpose of reducing their inflammability; and it relates more particularly to the utilization for this purpose of tarry materials such as creosote, tar or pitch, asphalt, and the like, having incorporated therewith a fire-retardant metal compound, more particularly a metal compound, such as a salt of antimony or the like which is soluble in creosote or the like, alcohol, amyl acetate, tetrachlorid or other chlorid of carbon, or other non-aqueous solvent; and to the resultant products. A metal compound which is insoluble in water and which is decomposed by water with formation of an insoluble compound or compounds is particularly desirable for purposes of the present invention.
I have found that materials such as creosote, tar, asphalt, and the like, which are here designated generically as tarry mate; rials for purposes of convenience, may be rendered more fire-resistant and less inflammable, by incorporating therewith a fireretardant metal compound of a class typified by compounds of antimony, anhydrous antimony trichlorid being the most desirable representative of this class of compounds at present known .to me; and that materials treated with the so modified tarry substances may be rendered non-inflammable. For the sake of a concrete disclosure of the invention, theuse of antimony trichlorid will be referred to more particularly hereinafter, but it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the useof antimony trichlorid, the use of which is here described by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
In my prior copending application Serial No. 306,928, filed June 26, 1919, of which the present application is a division, I have claimed the treated or modified tarry materials aforesaid and the process of preparing Serial No. 441,084.
them. The claims of the present applicaetc., for the purpose of preserving or waterproofing the same. In their untreated condition, such tarry materials inflame read- 11y when heated to a sufiiciently high tClIlperature and burn with great vigor; and wood, paper, etc., impregnated therewith are also highly inflammable. the present invention, modified tarry materials, prepared as set forth in my prior apphcation aforesaid, are employed to impregnate, coat, or otherwise treat combustible materials, especially fibrous materials, and thereby to render them non-inflammable or substantially so.
Generally speaking, the fire-retardant metal compound employed in practising the present invention may be incorporated directly with the material to be fireproofed, or it may first be dissolved in a suitable solvent vehicle such as carbon tetrachlorid or other carbon chlorid, amyl acetate, or the like, amyl acetate having special advantages for the purposes in view. For example, either crude or refined creosote derived from distillation of either .coal or wood, treated by dissolving therein antimony trichlorid in the proportion of 2 pounds to each gallon of creosote, is rendered much less inflammable; and materials such as cloth, paper, wood, etc., to which this treated creosote is applied, are rendered very resistant to fire. When thoroughly impregnated or coated with the preparation, they are rendered non-inflammable. That is, they can be subjected to the direct impingement of a flame without taking fire, even though the flame be directed into contact-with the treated material continuously. The material will eventually carbonize but it will not take fire.
without heating, but moderate heating facilitat'es solution and is therefore desirable in practice. The amount of antimony tri- According to chlorid employed may vary considerably in accordance with the degree of non-inflammability or resistance to fire which it is desired to attain, but the proportions given in the above specific exam 1e are found in this particular case to rendbr the creosote and articles to which such treated creosote is applied, non-inflammable in the sense above explained and to be therefore thoroughly satisfactory.
In treating tar, pitch, or asphalt, ofthe character commonly employed for roofing, the tar is best melted by gently heating, and when it is thoroughly liquefied, antimony chlorid is added thereto with continuous stirring.
The use of antimony trichlorid in the proportion of one part by weight to four parts of the tar, pitch, or asphalt, yields a substantiall fireproof product, that is, a product which will not inflame.
As before stated, the antimonychlorid may first be dissolved in a suitable solvent, and then mixed with the material to be fireproofed. For instance, the necessary amount of antimony trichlorid may be dissolved in amyl acetate, and this solution then mixed with creosote to give a composition of ex cellent character for impregnation of paper, canvas, or the like; or the mixture may be used, in conjunction with other materials, such as pigments,- varnish gums, etc.,-if desired, by painting it or otherwise applying it as a coating composition to materials or articles of any kind which it is desired to coat or protect. Similarly the amyl acetate or other solution of antimony trichlorid may be incorporated with semi-solid or solid tars, pitches, and asphalts, to give fireproof paints or coating compositions applicable for. numerous purposes. All these mixtures confer non-inflammability upon material treated therewith, when antimony trichlorid is present in sufiicient uantity; and the degree of non-inflammabi lity or fire-resistance may of course be varied as deemed desirable by varying the proportions of antimony trichlorid used.
The treated products prepared as above described may be applied, when in liquid condition, by brushing, dipping, spraying, etc.; and materials and articles to which such products have been applied are rendered fire-resistant or non-inflammable as already explained and are included within the present invention.
Subjecting articles coated or impregnated with the products above described, to the action of air, and particularly to the action of water, steam or moist air, has the effect of apparentl oxidizing. the antimony to some extent at least in the exposed outer surfaces or layers with formation of highly fire-retardant basic compounds in the nature of or analogous to basic chlorids or oxychlorids vents miscible with tarry substances, to give solutions or mixtures with which materials can be impregnated or otherwise treated,
and also to the fact that it does not dissolvein water and hence cannot be washed out of material treated therewith, but; on the contrary decomposes instantly upon contact with water, forming insoluble products above mentioned. Other salts of antimony such as the sulfate are ordinarily less desirable because of the possibility of stronger corrosive action consequent upon development of free sulfuric acid; although this corrosive action may be guarded against in the case of either the chlorid or the sulfate by incorporating an antacid substance such as sodium carbonate, lime, or the like with the composition or by washing the finally coated or impregnated articles with a mildly alkaline solution of any appropriate character. Neither is the invention restricted in its broader aspects to the use of antimony salts, although antimony salts, and anti-mony chlorid especially, give in practice results which are markedly superior to even such other metal compounds as react with waterin a somewhat similar manner. What I claim is: V 1. The process of protectively treating materials which comprises applying thereto a tarry substance having incorporated therewith a suitable proportion of a fire-retardant metal compound which is soluble therein or miscible therewith to form a homogeneous product, said compound having the property of decomposing substantially immedlately upon contact with water to yield a waterinsoluble product.
2. The process of protectively treating materials which comprises applying thereto a tarry substance having dissolved therein a salt of antimony that is substantially immediately decomposed upon contact with water.
3. The process of protectively treating fibrous materials which comprises applying thereto a tarry substance having antimony trichlorid incorporated therewith.
4. The process ,of protectively treating fibrous materials which comprises ap lying thereto a tarry substance having a re-retardant hydrolyzable compound of antimony incorporated therewith.
5. The process of protectively treating materials which comprlses applying thereto creosote having antimony trichlorid dissolved therein in the approximate proportion of two pounds of antimony trichlorid to one gallon of creosote, and thereafter exposing the treated material to moist air.
6. The process of protectively treating fibrous materials which comprises applying thereto a protective composition comprising antimony trichlorid incorporated with tarry material in fluid condition.
7. The process of protectively treating ,of about one part of antimony trichlorid to from four to five parts of the tarry material, by weight. I
.8. As new articles of manufacture, materials rendered non-inflammable by association with a tarry substance havin incorporated therewith a suitable pro rt on of a re-retardant metal compoun which is soluble therein or miscible therewith toform a homogeneous product, said compound having the property of decomposing substantially immediately upon contact with water to yield a water insolubleproduct.
9. As new articles of manufacture, materlals rendered non-inflammable by association with a tarry substance having incorported therewith a salt of antimony that is substantially immediately decomposed upon contactwith water.
10. As new articles of manufacture, materials associated with a tarry substance having antimony trichlorid incorporated therewith.
11. As new articles of manufacture, materials associated with a tarry substance having a fire-retardant hydrolyzable compound of antimony incorporated therewith.
12. As new articles of manufacture, materials associated with creosote having dissolved therein antimony trichlorid in the approximate proportion of two pounds of antimony trichlorid to one gallon of creosote.
13. As new articles of manufacture, materials associated with a protective composition comprising antimony trichlorid incorporated with a tarry material in fluid condition in the proportion of about one part of antimony trichlorid to from four to five parts of the tarry material, by weight.
In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.
ARTHUR ARENT.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US441084A US1388829A (en) | 1918-09-20 | 1921-01-29 | Protective treatment of materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US25495818 US1388824A (en) | 1918-09-20 | 1918-09-20 | Protective treatment of materials |
US27524219 US1388825A (en) | 1918-09-20 | 1919-02-05 | Art of protectively treating materials |
US30692819 US1388826A (en) | 1918-09-20 | 1919-06-26 | Treatment of materials to reduce their inflammability |
US441084A US1388829A (en) | 1918-09-20 | 1921-01-29 | Protective treatment of materials |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1388829A true US1388829A (en) | 1921-08-23 |
Family
ID=21738059
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US441084A Expired - Lifetime US1388829A (en) | 1918-09-20 | 1921-01-29 | Protective treatment of materials |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1388829A (en) |
CH (1) | CH95041A (en) |
NL (1) | NL8651C (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2701989A (en) * | 1952-05-14 | 1955-02-15 | Bemis Bro Bag Co | Apparatus for forming tubing for bags or the like |
DE1124898B (en) * | 1956-08-30 | 1962-03-08 | Wallram Hartmetall | Use of a known composite pipe for drill rods for drilling work in rock and other minerals |
-
1920
- 1920-07-15 NL NL15611A patent/NL8651C/xx active
- 1920-08-02 CH CH95041D patent/CH95041A/en unknown
-
1921
- 1921-01-29 US US441084A patent/US1388829A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL8651C (en) | 1923-07-16 |
CH95041A (en) | 1922-06-01 |
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