US1380882A - Chimney cap or ventilator - Google Patents

Description

A. F. BRASISINGTON.

y cumnsy mman v'ennLAroR.

A PPLICATION FILED MAY-24, 1920., v

muted mim, 1921;

2 SHEETS-885511.

s m Arron/ver A'. F'. BRASSINGTON.

cHlMNEY CAP 0R VENTILATOR. v

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, i920- 1.. 2 .wn e.\ mm .JM mm Am P,

/m/E/von MW Arron/viv 'iaiieii errar HQE Y ARTHUR F. BRSSNGTON, 0F PORT RCHMGND, NEW YORK.

CHIMNEY CAP GR VENTILATOR.

To all @071cmy 25 may concern.'

Be it known that l, ARTHUR F. BRAssiNG- rron, a citizen of the United States, residing at Port Richmond, in the county of Richmond and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chimney Caps or Ventilatore; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of trie invention, such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to maire and use the same. p

My invention consists in the novel fea tures hereinafter described7 reference being had to the accompanying drawings which illustrate several forms or embodiments of my invention, selected by me for purposes of illustration, and the said invention is fully disclosed in the following description and claims.

The object of my invention is to provide a chimney cap or ventilator to be applied to the upper end of a flue for conducting foul air or the products of combustion from a stove or furnace out of a building, and is particularly applicable to the locations in which the discharge outlet of the flue is adjacent to a blank wall of another building of greater height as frequently happens in thickly settled communities where houses of different heights adjoin each other or are closely placed, although I do not limit myself to the use of my improved device in such circumstances. si/There the discharge oriiice of a chimney or flue communicates with the atmosphere at a point adjacent to the wallof an adjoining building, which extends considerably above the level of the discharge openingand also to a considerable extent on one orbboth sides of the same, it is particularly diiiicult to obtain the necessary upward draft through the flue, as there is a tendency for the air, especially if the wind is blowing in a'direction toward the higher wall, to strike the wall Vand circulate downwardly toward the lower structure and produce a down draftin the iiues thereof. i have discovered, by a series of experiments, that if an eduction pipe communicating` with the flue, is provided with a detector of the same form, and of the same or preferably slightly greater area or size than the discharge oriice of the eduction pipe, placed across the orifice, and spaced a short distance there- Specication of Letters Patent.

yPatented June 7, 1921.

i520. serial No. 383,696.

from, so as to provide a narrow outlet around the edges of the delector, which outlet is surrounded by an inclosing band 0r sleeve equally spaced from the edges of the deflector and extending on both sides of the eduction orifice so formed, the passage of air`- between the band or sleeve and the edges of the detlector or eduction pipe Yin any direction will have the effect of creating a partial vacuum and withdrawing the contents of the eduction pipe and flue. This action will Vtake place no matter how gently or strongly the motion of the outside air (breeze or wind) may be. I also lind that this effect is increased beneficially by making the face of the detiector adjacent to the discharge orifice of the eduction pipe convex (either spherically, pyramidally, or conically) so that its apex or highest point extends into the discharge orifice of the pipe to a g"eater or less extent. The exterior face of the deilector may be correspondingly concave, or it may be a plane surface if pre-. ferred, aerpendicularly disposedu to the axis of the discharge passage, although I prefer that the outer face of the delector should be concave and should correspond with the inner face, being conveniently formed in this manner from sheet metal. I also prefer, in carrying my invention-into effect, to increase the size and capacity of the eduction pipe adjacent to the discharge orifice by flaring the walls of the pipe outwardly so that the narrow slit orV discharge oriiice formedV between the outer edge of the iared opening of the pipe and deliector, while it is of narrow width, shall have suiiicient extent in the the eduction pipe may be provided with one or more axially alined extensions of gradually decreasing diameter and capacity communicating with the eduction pipe and flue. Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l represents a side elevation of a chimney cap or ventilator embodying the preferred form of my invention.

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the device.

Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section on line Llc-4f of Fig. 1. Y

Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal sectional view similar to Fig. 3, showing a modification of my invention in which a plurality of my improved devices of different diameters are employed in connection With a single eduction pipe.4

. Fig. 6 s a side elevation ot another modiied form of my invention in which a single vertical elongated eduction apparatus is provided.`

Fig. 7 is a vertical sectional View of the device shownin Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the saine.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section on the line 9-9 ot' Fig. 7; i

Fig. 10 is a sectional vieiv of another modiication in which four discharge apertures are provided. f

Referring to the preferred form et my invention illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and li, 1

represents a delivery pipe which may be connected to a flue, chimney or a space of other character, the gaseous content ot which fis to be Withdrawn. tally disposed cducticn pipe, which preferably has its central portion in cominnnication with the vertical delivery pipe l, and is open at its opposite ends to form tivo horizontal eduction passages. rihe eduction pipe 2 may be of any desired' form, but I prefer to make it rectangular in cross section and set diagonally, as shown in Fig. 2, that is to say, so that one of the diagonals connecting opposite corners shall be vertical and the other horizontal.` l prefer this construction as it provides for the ready shedding 'of rain, snow, etc., to which the device is necessarily exposed. Each end of the pipe 2 is provided With a transversely disposed deflector 4f, which is of the saine form marginally as the end of the dared portion 3, that is to say, rectangular or square, but is of greater area, so that the edges of the deflector, indicated at lia, extend laterally beyond the edges of the flared portion 3, indicated at 3, all the Way around, as clearly indicated in Figs. 3 and 41. This construction. provides a discharge orifice, indicated at 5, which extends entirely around the outer edge of the fiared portions, and the de'lector 4,

-or the escape ofsrnolre, ijiroducts of com-V bustion, heated air, or other contents of the flue and delivery pipe 1. The deiiectors 4-4l, as shown, are preferably each provided with a convex inner face extending into the orifice formed bythe outer edges of the tiared portions 33, as clearly shown in Fig. 3, and in this instance the detlectors are 2 represents a horizon? formed oi sheet metal so that their exteriorV races are correspondingly concave. These dctiectors are therefore or' pyraniidal shape, but i Wish it to be understood that they may be or conical shape, or in the :term of a segment or a` sphere, if preferred. lit is not absolutely necessary that the exterior faces or the detlectors shall be concave, although l.' pre'ler to make them in this Way for the salie oi" economy and to secure `the greatest etliciency. In some instances they may be made with plane exterior faces, as indicated at 6, at the left in Fig. 3, in which I have shown onedeiiector made with the plane exterior tace and the other with a concave exterior face in order to illustrate both constructions. it will be obvious that in either case all parts of the detlector are on one side or a piane indicated by the dotted line X-X in Fig. 3, passing through the edges of the outer :tace of the deiiector. The detlectors l4 may be supported in any desired or lin the present instance I have shown them supported by Ameans of brackets, indicated at 7 7 formed of thin sheet metal set edgewisaso that they will not obstruct the discharge oriiice 5 or slit. Surrounding this discharge oriiice or slit at each end or the device is a sleeve or band indicated at 8 which is preferably formed of sheet metal and bent inthe same form as the outer edges ofthe delector and spaced uniformly therefrom, as indicated in Figs. 2, 3, and 1i, the said bands being supported in any desired manner, as 'for example, by means of sheet metal brackets 9, also placed edgeWise, so as not to interfere With the free passage `ot air between the band and the edges of the defiector, and the dared portion 3. T he band is s-o disposed that it projects on both sides of a plane passing through the edges of the deiector, as clearly indicated in Fig. 3. v

ln practice this device is installed at the top of a chimney or flue with Which the vertical delivery pipe 1 is connected, and is stationarily supported. In case there is an adjoining' blank Wall, one end of the apparatus is preferably directed toward the blank Wall, the position of which is indicated in Fig. 3 by the dotted line VV-W' H the direction or the Wind is in the direction of the arrow at 10 in Fig.- 3, the air will impinge against the outer face of the deflector at the left hand end of the device, as shown in that figure, and be forced to pass under slight compression between the edges of the detlector and the band 8 and across the discharge orifice, thereby atecting a rareiication of the air, or in other Words, producing a partial vacuum and causing the smoke to be drawn out oi the pipe 2, as indicated by the arrows 114-11. At the other end of the apparatus, the air passing in the direction of the arrows 12-12 will be forced by the flared portions 8 toward the inner face of the band 8, and between it and the edges of the deflector 4, and this will produce a partial vacuum at the discharge orifice and cause the smoke to be drawn out, as indicated by the arrows 13)*13, notwithstanding the presence of the wall ITV-Wl. If the direction of the wind is such that it tends to bank against the wall lll-IV above the apparatus and be deflected downwardly, it will pass through the apparatus in a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrows 10 and 12, with a correspondingly opposite effect, which will nevertheless withdraw the smoke and other contents of the delivery pipe 1 and eduction pipe 2, through both of the discharge orifices 5 5, and as a matter of fact, the device is so constructed that no matter from which direction the air is moving, it will pass through the spaces between the bands 8 and the outer edges of the deflectors in one direction or the other and in either direction will eliect a rareiication at the discharge orifices and withdraw smoke or other gases within the pipes 1 and 2. It is found 'in -practice that it is impossible for any of the outside air to be blown down the flue no matter how strong the wind is blowing or from which direction, or whether upwardly or downwardly, and that in all directions, the passage of air currents through and around the apparatus, produces a distinct suction and withdraws the contents of the pipes 1 and 2 and of the flue connected therewith. It will be understood that while I prefer to employ the duplex form of the device shown in Fi gs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, as each end of the apparatus is a duplicate of the other, and each is extremely eiiicacious, I may dispense with one of the discharge orifices and close the horizontal pipe 2 at one end, if desired, and as indicated in Figs. 6 to 9 hereinafter more particularly described.

In Fig. 5 I have shown a modification of my invention in which I employ a plurality of eduction pipes of diiferent diameters, each provided with a deflector and surrounding band which construction may be arranged at one or both ends of a horizontal eduction pipe, indicated at 102, and connected with a delivery pipe 101. In this instance the pipe. 102 is provided with a flared vportion 108 at the open end of which is locatedy the deflector 104 having its inner face convex and its outer face plane, as indicated at 100, and forming the discharge orifice 105. In this case the deflector, which is supported by brackets 107, is made in annular form and surrounds a pipe section 102iL which forms a continuation of the eduction pipe 102, and the outer end of pipe section 102a is provided with a similar deflector 104n provided with a central opening surrounding a pipe 102b forming a further extension of theeduction pipe 102, and having at its outer end a deflector 104". The deflector 104 is surrounded by the band 108, supported on brackets 109, the deflector 104a being surrounded by a band 108%. and the deflector 1041)v being surrounded by Va band 108D, of still smaller diameter, it being understood that each of the deiectors'projects slightly beyond the edges of the eduction oriiice of the pipe into which it extends, in the manner previously described. The operation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 5 is substantially identical with the operation previously described, except that the partial vacuum referred to is produced at each of the eduction apertures or slits and the withdrawal of smoke may be effected more rapidly than were only one of the eduction orifices provided. rIhis construction will therefore be of particular advantage in connection with chimneys where wood or soft coal is burned, and large volumes of heavy smoke are evolved, while I prefer a single form of apparatus hereinafter described .or the duplex form shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive for ordinary purposes.

In Figs. 6 to 9, I have shown a construction similar to half of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, except that the device is elongated vertically, and this form may be especially convenient for use in connection with pipe circular in cross section. In these figures 201 represents the delivery pipe, the upper end of which is cut away at one side and closed at the upper end to provide an eduction chamber 202 having a rectangular opening at one side, into which Yextends the convex deflectork 204 supported by the brackets 207 and providing a rectangular discharge passage 205 between the convex face of the deflector and the edges 203 of theeduction chamber. 208 represents aband or sleeve, here shown as ofrectangular form supported by brackets 209 and surrounding -the edges of the deflector 204 and the edges 208`of the eduction chamber. As will readily be seen, the passage of air through the band 208 between it and the edges of the deiiector in either direction will produce a partial vacuum at the discharge orifice surrounding the deilector and withdraw the smoke or other gaseous material within the delivery pipe 201 and the eduction chamber 202 and the flue connected therewith.

While my improved apparatus is especially adapted for use as a chimney cap*V 0n buildings,it may also be used for withdrawing smoke or for Ventilating purposes on ships, railway cars, or other moving vehicles for the removal of dust-laden air or other contaminatedair or gases from the interior of buildings or other structures, or Y One beneficial eiiectof this concavity is to cause the air, if it is blowing in a direction toward the concave face, to sweep around the edges of the deflector in a wider curve or curve of greater diameter than where the outer face of the deflector is a plane surface, thus increasing the suction or rarefication produced at the discharge aperture, and increasing `the efficiency of the apparatus in withdrawing the contents of the eduction pipe.

In Fig. l() I have illustrated another modconvex inner face, as previously described,y

and the outer face being either concave or plane, and a discharge orifice being formed between the deflector and the edges of the eduction opening, asindicated at 305. Surroundingeach of the eductionpipes and deliectorsis aband 308 spaced uniformly from the edges of. the defiector and extending on both sides ofthe discharge slit or aperture 305. This form of the apparatus, while more expensive than the single or double form hereinbefore described, is very efhcient. Obviously wind from almost any direction will strike directly against the outer face of one of the detiectors, passingrover the same within the band, and creating rarecation with the attendant withdrawal of smoke or gases from the interior of the eduction pipe and delivery pipe, and will effect a similar operation in passing within the band.

and around the edges of the deflector at the end of the radially opposite eduction pipe, while cross currents or eddies passing through the bands of the laterally disposed eduction devices on each side of the path of smoke and gases in the upper portion of the` eduction pipe and providing for the distribution or separation of the ascending current of smoke or gases into branchcurrents leading to the several discharge orifices, without,-

however, throttling the smoke or gases. Thus, in Fig. 3, for example, I have shown a vertically disposed partition 15 arranged transversely across the upper portion of the eduction pipe 2, midway between the two discharge orifices 5 and in alinement with the longitudinal axis of the delivery pipe i.- This partition may, however, be dispensed with in some instances if desired.

In the manufacture of my improved apparatus I prefer to employ tubing for the delivery pipe and eduction pipeor pipes, which is rectangular in cross section, and preferably square. AsY a moving current ol' smoke, air, or gas, has a tendency to form itself into a mass circular in cross sec-tion, less frictional resistance is offered to the passage of smoke or air or gas through a tubular passage which is square in cross sec tion than one which is circular in cross section. The delivery pipe and eduction pipes are als@ made of snliiciently large size as to insure at all times the utmost freedom for the passage of the gaseous products which are desired to be withdrawn. I also prefer to form the defiectors with a square base and a pyramidal-,inner face, as shown and hereinbefore described, as the length of the sur'- rounding'discharge oriice or slit, which will be substantially equal to the sum of the four sides of the square, will necessarily be greater than the circumference of a circle having the same diameter'. Therefore, by this means, I am enabled to obtain a discharge slit or opening of greater area without increasing the width of the slit. l

As before stated theV capacity of the discharge slit between the deflector and the edges of the outlet aperture of the eduction pipe is as great as or greater than the capacity of thev eduction pipe, so that there is no throttling or retarding of the smoke or other gases discharged. The space between the exterior sleeve, and the edges of the discharge slit is. as shown, of greater capacity than the discharge slit, and the passage of air (wind) therethrough in any direction not only does not retard or battle the discharge from the eduction pipe but accelerates it by causing a partial vacuum adjacent to the edges of the deflector, and there is therefore no back draft under any circumstances.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is V l. In a chimney cap or ventilator, the combination with an eduction pipe, provided withan outlet aperture, of a deflector of an area` at least as great as said aperture sur ported rigidly and permanently transversely across said aperture, and spaced from the edges thereof ,so as to provide a delivery slit` having` an area substantially equal to that of the eduction pipe, and a sleeve surrounding the edges of said aperture and deflector, and separated therefrom uniformly around the same to form a space having a greater area than that of the delivery slit, said sleeve extending partly over said eduction pipe and having a portion extending beyond the end of said pipe provided with an aperture of greater area than said eduction pipe, whereby back drafts and the retarding of the gases passing through said eduction pipe are prevented and whereby the delivery of gases from said eduction pipe is facilitated by the passage of air through the space within said sleeve in either direction.

2. In a chimney cap or ventilator, the combination with a vertical delivery pipe, of a horizontally disposed eduction pipe communicating therewith and provided with a coaxial discharge aperture, a vertical de.- lector disposed transversely across said aperture, said deflector being of a size at least as great as that of said aperture, said deflector being rigidly and permanently supported at such a distance from the edges of said aperture as to provide a discharge slit having a cross sectional area at least as great as that of the delivery pipe and a sleeve coaxial with the eduction pipe extending around the edges of said slit, and separated therefrom so as to provide a space of at least as great cross sectional area as the delivery slit, said sleeve extending beyond the end of the eduction pipe and having an aperture at its outer end of greater area than the delivery pipe.

3. In chimney cap or ventilator, the combination with an eduction pipe provided at its discharge end with outwardly flared portions forming a discharge aperture of greater area than the pipe, a deflector having an area at least as great as said aperture permanently and rigidly supported across said aperture, and spaced therefrom to form a narrow discharge slit of a cross sectional area at least as great as that of the eduction pipe, and a coaxial sleeve supported around the edges of said flared portions of the eduction pipe and of said deflector and separated therefrom so as to form a passage, of an area greater than that of the discharge, the said sleeve extending beyond the end of said flared portions and having an aperture at its outer end of greater area than that of the discharge slit.

et. In a chimney cap or ventilator, the combination with a vertically disposed delivery pipe, provided at its upper end with horizontally disposed eduction passages ex- 5 5 tending in opposite directions and terminating in eduction apertures, a deflector having at least as great an area as said apertures permanently and rigidly supported transversely across each of said apertures, and spaced therefrom to form discharge slits or openings extending around the edges of said apertures and deflectors, the cross sectional area of said slits being at least as great as that of the delivery pipe, and a sleeve surrounding each et said delectors and separated from the edges thereof to form a passage having anfarea greater than'that of said slits.

5. 1n a chimney cap or ventilator, the combination with a vertically disposed delivery pipe closed at its upper end and provided with a plurality of horizontally disposed eduction passages communicating therewith and terminating in eduction apertures, and extending in different directions radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the delivery pipe, certain of said passages being disposed angularly with respect to others, a deflector permanently and rigidly supported across each of said eduction apertures, said deflectors having at least as great an area as said apertures, and being spaced uniformly from the edges of said apertures, and a sleeve surrounding each of said horizontallyy disposed eduction passages coaxial therewith and spaced uniformly from the edges of said deflector and eduction apertures, each of said sleeves having an aperture at its outer end of greater area than the adjacent eduction passage.

6. 1n a chimney cap or ventilator, the combination with a vertically disposed delivery pipe having its upper end closed and provided with a plurality of horizontally disposed eduction passages terminating in eduction apertures, said passages being dis posed radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the delivery pipe, and each of said passages being diametrically opposite another of said apertures, a deflector permanently and rigidly vsupported across each of said eduction apertures and having its marginal edges extending beyond the edges of said aperture uniformly, each of said deflectors having a concave outer face and a convex inner face extending into the adjacent 'aperture and spaced uniformly from the edges thereof to form a discharge slit, having an area substantially equal to that of the adjacent eduction passage, and a sleeve surrounding each of said deflectors, coaxial with the adjacent eduction passage and spaced uniformly from the marginal edges of the adjacent deflector, to form a surrounding passage of greater area than the adjacent discharge slit, each of said sleeves extending over the adjacent discharge slit, and having an aperture at its outer end of greater area than the adjacent eduction passage.

7. In a chimney cap or ventilator, the combination with a vertically disposed delivery pipe closed at its upper end and provided with a plurality of horizontally longitudinal. axis of the delivery pipe, a delector permanently and rigidly supported i across each of said eduction apertures, saidfdefiectors having at least as great an -5 area as said flaring apertures, and being spaced uniformly from the edges of said apertures to form a discharge slit of an area substantially equal to that of the adjacent Y eduction passage, and having convex por- 10 tions projecting into said flaring apertures,

a sleeve surrounding the flared portions of each oi said eduction passages, coaxial therewith and spaced uniformly from the edges of said defiector and eduction aperture, and a vertically disposed stationary partition in 15 the upper portion of said eduction passages, and substantially in alinement With the longitudinal axis of the delivery pipe.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

ARTHUR F. BRASSINGTON.

Images