US1372110A

US1372110A - X-ray apparatus

Info

Publication number: US1372110A
Application number: US289004A
Authority: US
Inventors: Tousey Sinclair
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1919-04-10
Filing date: 1919-04-10
Publication date: 1921-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 1938-03-22

Description

S. TOUSEY.

x-RAY APPARATUS.

APPLlCATION FILED APR. I0, ISIS. l

g/ WMZMMMMMW@ Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

SINCLAIR TOU'SEY, OF WESTHAMPTON BEACH, NEW' YRK.

PATENT X-RAY APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application ined April 1o, 1919. serial' No. 289,004.

To all cli/tom it 77mg/ concern.' y

Be 1t 4known that l, SINCLAIR TousnY, a citizen of the United States, and resident of VVesthampton Beach, New York, have in vented certain newand useful improvements vin X-Ray Apparatus, ot' which the following is aspecieation.

My invention relates'to means for improving radiographs by reducing the quantity of secondary rays, reachinfr any given part ofv the plate, from the 4ass wall of the X-ray tube while permitting direct rays from the focus point to reach every part of the plate.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure l is a diagram yof an X-ray tube with a radiating cellular diaphragm and plate associated therewith, as proposed by me. I

Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a radiating cellular diaphragm combined with a section of a sphere substantially conforming to the spherical portion of the tube.

Fig. 3 is a similar View showing compeneating means h which the same diaphragm can be used wlth different X-ray tubes of the same size, but which vary as to the location of their focus points. l

Fig. 3 is a view of another Aform of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a View of another form of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a further modilication in whichthe cellular diaphragm is supported from the X-ray tube stand.

F ig. 6 is a digranirnatic View of acellular diaphragm and its attaching diaphragm.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of Fig. 6.

In Fig. l a, single radiating cell ot trumpet shape is shown in section, as A, B, C, D, whose walls are straight and thin but opaque to the X-ray. This eel] is so placed that its walls form a truncated hollow cone whose apexv is at the focus point upon Kthe anti cathode. Consequently the shadow of this radiating cellular diaphragm upon the photographie plate is the circumference of a oircle whose diameter is from E to F.

Inside this circle, if the diaphragm were absent, an elfect would be produced partly by direct rays 'from the focus point, which a one are desirable, and partly by secondary rays from the glass wall oil the illustrative purposes from thi` m, yf'. ,W 1th the diaphragm in tube, say for part marked place., the direct rays are in ull force and so are the small amount of secondary rays which can reach the part E, F oi the plate through the small opening A, Bot say l/l the dialneter or say l/S) the surface ot secondary radiation, or in other words l/Sl of the surface of the entire portion ot the glass'wall ofthe tube from which :secondary X-rays arise. y

y Alsosecondary radiations passing outside the diaphragm on one side from the part ot the X-ray tube-between a: and a portion near A marked X2 reach the part of the circle E, F between E and af. The secondary rays reaching the circle E, F :trom m A anywhere near ai arise from a. very small part olf the tube and even those near E are small in amount compared with what they would be il the wall B, D were not present to cut ott secondary rays 'from the tube between B and y. v

A. similar' reduction in the amount of secn ondary rays is noted at y.

ai to 3/ is a region receiving rays only through the opening A, 13, e. direct rays in Jfull force and a small quantity of second ary rays.

The portion of the plate to the left of E receives direct rays in full force but second ary. rays only from the part ofthe X-ray tube A to A similar condition is noted at the other side of the illustration.

`Commonly a .larger flat diaphragni of opaque material at about the same distance from the tube as A, B will give a sutlicieiltly large Held of illumination at the plate and at the same time substantially reduce the sur face of the tube from which secondary rays may reach the part of the plate outside of More than one cell either concentric or discrete may be used.

In Figs. 2 and 3 l show improvements on. the above.

In one form, see Fig'. 2. l employ a section of a hollow spherel F, lll in part ol" ma teria] opaque to the not to conduct electricity or to damage the X-ray tube or .to be *itself damaged Yby contact 'with the X-ray tube. lle/ad glass is a suitable substance. ln an opening' in this member F ll there is inserted a portion extending from A to B having similar properties except that it is transparent to the X-ray. glass 4such as X-ray tubes are or-` dinarily made trom is a .suitable substance. Extending preferably though not necessa- Patented Mar. 22, 1.921". i

rily from the middle part of this transparent section A, B is a trum et shaped radiating cellular diaphragm (if), H as described above, made of material opaque to the X-ray and not injurious to the X-ray tube and itself not being injured by* contact with the tube or if separated from it by a thin layer of glass.

From the above it will be understood that the spherical section from F to A and from B to E is opaque to X-ray. From A to B itis trans arent to X-ray. From C to and D to lg it is opaque to X-ray.

The spherical section is of a curvature to correspond with the size ot' the X-ray tube with which it is to be used and the conical diaphragm is of such an angle as to its walls and is set in such a direction that if the focus is at the center of the X-ray tube the walls of the cone will coincide with the lines of the direct rays as previously explained, whenthe spherical portion F, E is simply tied 'in contact with the glass wall of the X-ray tube. An X-ray tube of the proper size but with focus not exactly at'the ceuter, can be adjusted for use with this diaphragm either by changing the place of the focus, or by making one or more projections as' at' l, Fig. 3, upon the tube which will suflicientl alter the direction of the conical part G, IYI, when the diaphragm is placed in contact with the tube to compensate for the variations in the location of the focus point. In this way one diaphragm can be used With many diHerent X-ray tubes of the same size.

By the structure of Fig. 2 I secure the advantages ofl a small Contact diaphragm A to B, reducing the total secondary radiation to the minimum consistent with a sufli cient area of illumination at the plate.

I secure the advantages of a'radiating cellular diaphragm without the very great difficulty of extemporaneously placing a separate apparatus at a distance from the X-ray tube, so as to secure the circular line shadow of the wall lof the cone which is essential to a satisfactory picture.

My new construction makesvit necessary only to bind the diaphragm in contact with the X-ray tube without any extemporaneous adjustment.

'The improvement includes a contactidiaphragm supporting a transparent portion which in turn supports a radiating cellular diaphragm by simply placing this and the X-ray tube together.

In another form this diaphragm is permanently fastened to an X-ray tube as would result from attaching the diaphragm of Fig. 3 to the tube.

Ini the form shown in Fig. 4 the X-ray tube itself has a transparent section at A, i3 supporting near its middle a radiating cellular diaphragm and either all the rest of the X-ray tube consists of lead class or similar substance opaque to the ilray, or at least the rest of the active hemisphere consists of lead glass or similar opaque (to Xrays) substance.

I secure the advantages of a small contact diaphragm, and of a small radiating cellular diaphragm. I provide an X-ray tube with an external diaphragm and an external radiating cellular diaphragm forming integral parts of the X-ray tube.

Another form of' the invention consists simply of aradiating cellular diaphragm of say lead glass attached permanently to the X-ray tube as in Fig. 4. And the benefit to be derived from the diaphragm A, mayA for example be derived from the use of a shield of opaque material in which is an opening A, B, in the center of which the conical diaphragm is located, said shield surrounding the X-ray tube as in Fig. o.

Another form consists ot' a spherical part J of glass ordinarily used for X-ray tubes supporting a radiating cellular diaphragm of opaque material say lead glass. The whole is to be bound to the X-ray tube as shown in Fig. 3 by cords or the like at 21 And here. as in the form just mentioned, the benefit to be derived from the diaphragm A, B may be obtained by having the X-ray tube surrounded by a shield K of materiall opa ue to the X-ray in which is an opening A3, 3, at the center of which the conical diaphragm is located.

In the several forms which are not permauently fastened to the X-ray tube a suitable number ot members, such as projecting rings are provided for the attachment of cords by means ot| which the apparatus may be conveniently bound in contact with the X-ray tube.

The structures shown in Figs. 2 to 4- inclusive and their modifications mentioned relate to an apparatus designed either to be part of the tube, or to be attached temporarily or permanently directly to it.

The following description of Figs. C and 7 relates to an apparatus not to be tastened directly to the tube, but to be held in proper relation to the X-ray tube b v a suitable third-apparatus which may for example be part of the tube stand.

In this modification shown in Figs. 5. 6 and 7 lthere is a radiating cellular dia.- phragm (l2 of a rigid opaque substance. hard silver for example. as in Fig. l. whose smaller end is fastened to a flat sheet B ot' thin X-ray transparent material (aluminum for example), theI latter is stretched across the opening of a diaphragm A2 of rigid material, such as iron. which is readily attachable as by set screws` to the tube stand in such a position that the radiating cellular diaphragm (N2 opaque to X-rays will function properly when any particular Xrav i tubeis placed in the tube stand, indicated diagrammatioally at D2, in' a position previously determined by careful trial and marked upon the X-ray tube as indicated at e, Fig. 5. The marking is important to enable one to quickly place the tube in proper position in the standV and thus in proper registration With the diaphragm.

Eil

In Fig. 5, E2 is a protective shield which is often used but not essentialH to my app ratus. The cone C2 can be attached to dia phragm B2 by small pro'ections ot C2 riveted to B2. The member vzvvith diaphragm B2 and cellular diaphragm C2 can be at tached to the tube stand by screws a.

The member in Fig. 7 having the portion B2 transparent to X-rays may have its rim portion A2 to function chiefly as a support for the conical diaphragm. And the opaque zone A2 surrounding the transparent por tion, which zone is desirable, but not essenn tial, may be obtained in a Way other than by making this rim portion opaque such for instance as by employing a part of the tube shield for this purpose as in Fig. 5.

"Ihe part of the transparent disk indicated at C3, Fig. 7 Within the 'small end of the cone must be of the same material as that portion marked B2 surrounding the small end of the tube, the portion C3 must have the same transparency to the X-ray as the portion B2. The function of the parts C3 and B2 is to permit the free passage of primary X-rays from the focus spot.' Secondary 4X-rays arising from the glass Walls of the X-ray tube and passing through the parts B2 and C3 are, as to some ofthem, obstructed by the Walls of the cone, as partially indicated in Fig, 1. y

What I claim is:

1. In combination with an X-ray tube, a conical diaphragm having its Walls opaque to X-rays and convergent toward the focus point upon the anticatliode, the proximal end of the cone partly inclosing and, being surrounded by a zone of limited extent transparent to X-rays outside of which there is a zone opaque to X-rays, substantially as described.

2. In combination with an Y-ray tube, a conical diaphragm having its walls opaque to X-rays and convergent to the at the anticathode and a diaphragm carry,- ing said conical diaphragm and held in connection with the tube, said last mentioned diaphragm having a portion transparent to the X-rays at which the 'conical diaphragm is located, said Itransparent portion beine surrounded by a portion opaque to the rays, 'substantially as described.

3. An X-ray tube having a conical diaphragm attached theretovvhose Walls are opaque and convergent toward the focus point upon the anticathode, the

Fig. 7 or at all events,

focus point Y conical da phragm having a zone about its small end transparent to the X-ray and an opaque zone outside the transparent zone.

4L. An X-ray tube having a conical `diaphragm attached thereto whose walls are opaque and convergent .toward the focus point upon the anticathode, the conicaldiaphragm having a zone about its small end transparent to the X-ray and an opaque zone outside` the transparent zone, said transparent and opaque zones being formed by a shield exteriorto the tube, substantially as described.

5. In combination with an X-ray tube, a conical diaphragm having its Walls opaque to X-rays and convergent toward the focus point upon the anticathode, a substantially fiat -diaphragm having a portion transparent to X-rays and a rlgid rim portion, with the conical diaphragm attached tothe transparent portion and having a part of the transparent portion `surrounding it and means 'for holding the fiat diaphragm with the conical ldiaphragm in proper relation to the tube, substantially as described.

6. In combination with an X-rayV tube,

la conical diaphragm having its Walls opaque to X-rays and convergent toward the focus point upon the `anticathode, a substantially flat diaphragm havinga portion transparent to Xmays and a rigid rim portion, with lthe conical diaphragm attached to the transparent portion, With a part thereot surrounding ,it and means for holding the flat diaphragm with' the conical diaphragm in proper relation ,to the tube, said means comprising a stand to which the diaphragm is fixed, said stand receiving the tubes removably vvhichrare marked individually to locate the tube in accordance with the position of the focus point thereof, substantially as described.A

In combination with an X-ray tube, a conical diaphragm exterior to the X-ray tube and a member supporting the conical dia phragm at its proximal end and transparent to X-rays at .said proximal end of the cone and throughout a zone surrounding the Said proximal end, substantially as describe 8. In combination with an X-ray tube, a conical diaphragm having its Wall opaque to X-rays and convergent vtoward the focus point upon the anti-cathode, being located external to the lX-ray tube and between the same and the object to be depicted, and lying in the midst ot' the X- rays to be utilized, adapted to produce only a linear shadow and to revent secondary rays from reaching the p oto a-phic platev In testimony whereof, I a lX- my signature.

SINCLAIR TOUSEY.

said diaphragm I