US1365022A - Fred s - Google Patents

Description

F. S. CARR.

FASTENER.

APPLICATION man JUNE 27, m9.

Patented Jan. 11, 1921.

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fies? 5. 601/3 3, $37 7 M UNITED STATES PATENT @FFECE.

FRED S. CARE, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS, .ASSIGNOR TO CARR FASTENER COMPANY, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, A

CORPORATION OF MAINE.

FASTEN-ER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 11, 1921.

Application filed. June 27, 1919. Serial No. 307,111.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRED S. CARR, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Newton, in the county of Middlesex, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, (whose postofiice address is care of Carr Fastener Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts,) have invented an Improvement in Fasteners, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention pertains to improvements in separable fasteners.

It is among the objects of the invention to provide a fastener which, while readlly separable when desired, is not likely to become accidentally separated in use, especially when under strain.

In the drawings, which show a preferred form of one embodiment of my invention:

Figure 1 shows two pieces of material secured together by a separable fastener;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fi 1' Fig. 3 shows in dotted lines a plurality of fasteners holding two pieces of material together;

Fig. 4 shows a preferred form of socket as viewed from that side which is adjacent the cloth when in use; and

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of' Fig. 4.

In the illustrative embodiment of my 111 vention shown in the drawings, I have provided a symmetrically formed, headed stud 6 provided with a base flange 7 which is preferably shaped to provide marglnal portions in a plane higher than the base of the stud, so that such portions may lie more nearly in a plane with the neck portion of the stud than where a fiat flange for the stud is provided. Cooperatmg with the stud, I provide a socket, which may include a casing 8 having a stud-receiving aperture 9 therein and containing resilient stud-engaging means, herein shown as a sprmg 10 providing parallel jaws for engagement with the neck of the stud when the latter is entered in the aperture 9. For reasons hereinafter more fully described, it is highly desirable that the usual spring-supporting dome be omitted so as to leave the aperture 9 uncapped. While the shape of the spring 10 may be greatly varied, I prefer to use a spring of the type shown, the stud-engagmg portions of which are supported against deflection axially of the stud as it enters by bemg supported by means comparatively remote from the stud-receiving aperture, such means preferably including the flanged over rim of the socket.

The stud-receiving aperture is preferably non-clrcular to provide one or more narrowed portions, herein shown as two, making the preferred form of aperture somewhat ovaloid, the socket in the example illustrated having the aspect of one with the usual round aperture but provided marginally with notches providing recesses com- 'municating with such aperture. When opposed lateral strains are exerted on the stud and socket in such a direction as to urge the stud toward a notch or other narrowed portion of the aperture, a locking against separation by lateral strain is effected. In. fasteners of the so-called keyhole slot construction, the stud entering into the narrow portion of the slot cannot be separated from the socket except pursuant to a separate and distinct lateral movement to bring the neck of the stud out of the slot. My preferred forms of construction embodying narrowed portions may be termed semikeyhole slot constructions, the locking be- .ing effected in somewhat the same way as in the ordinary keyhole slot fastener; but the depth of the notch or notches, or the width thereof, in the preferred form of my invention is so proportioned that the neck of the stud cannot enter into the notch sufficiently to prevent separation of stud and socket when transverse separating strain is exerted in a direction at an angle somewhat greater than that produced by the resolution of forces incidental to or arising from lateral strains. Herein the notches where they open to the main aperture are narrower than the diameter of the neck of the stud so that the latter does not enter fully into the notch, but is engaged by the points at the margin and wedged between them.

In the manufacture of studs by a press ing or rolling operation or a combination of the two, it is difficult if not impossible, particularly on the smaller sizes, to form the neck at a point proximate the base flange of the stud. In fasteners in which the engagement of the neck of the stud with the marginal portions of the apertures in the socket is relied on wholly or partially to prevent separation of stud and socket under lateral strain, it is highly desirable that the stud and socket be so formed that the neck of the stud will come substantially directly opposite the mar 'inal portions of the aperture in the socket. 1 preferably insure this engagement by means which may comprise the relative positioning of portions of the stud flange and adjacent face of the socket, herein typified by the dishing of the stud base to a somewhat greater extent than the dishing of the adjacent face of the socket. It is obvious that this spacing may be effected in various ways, though I prefer to effect the same by dishing the stud, because this provides the additional advantage that the line of strain on the fabric which is usually secured to the stud adjacent the marginal portion of the flange thereof is more nearly in line with the point of engagement between the neck of the stud and the marginal portion of the aperture in the socket engaging said neck.

here the neck of the stud is to be engaged not only by the marginal portion of the casing, but also by a spring or springs, I preferably make the neck or reduced portion of the stud somewhat longer than usual, so that ample space is provided in the re dnced portion for the seating of the marginal portion of socket base, and also for the seating of the spring or springs well below the plane of greatest diameter of the head of the stud.

The spring may, if desired. be left free to'turn in the socket but 1 pr for to prevent movement of the spring relative to the socket by depressing the flange of the socket casing at suitable points to prevent undesired movement of the sp The spring means may be located in various positions relative to the narrowed portions of the aperture. In the present application I have elected to include generic claims of sufiicient scope to dominate any form of spring located in any relative position to the notches or reduced portions, and also a specific claim to the location of the spring or springs in such a way as to permit free or substantially free access of the neck of the stud into the reduced portion when under lateral strain. There are advantages accruing from other positionings of the spring or springs relative to the reduced portion or porti aperture, some of these constructions and advantages being, set forth in co-pending applications filed herewith. In attaching sockets of the type shown in the drawin it is preferable that the reduced portion of the aperture be located in the line of strain, this usually being adjacent the general plane of the material. By the use oftwo notches,

this positioning is availed of whether the socket be attached with one notch adjacent the margin of the material or with the other notch adjacent the margin of the material. Because of the cam-like surfaces of the aperture, the strain will lead the neck of the stud into the narrowed portion even where the narrowed portion is turned so as to be at a considerable angle from'the line of strain so that extreme accuracy in position ing the socket is not essential.

Even where strain is exerted in a direction between narrowed portions 1', in the present embodiment of. my invention, directly against a spring having no notch behind it, a considerable resistance to separation of stud and socket by the resolution of forces arising from lateral strain is afforded.

Separation of stud and socket may beeffected in the preferred form of my invention by relative tipping movement of considerable angularity in any direction.

lVhile I have shown and described a preferred form of one embodiment of my invcntion. it will be understood that changes involving omission substitution, alteration and reversal of parts, and even changes in the mode of operation, may be made without departing from the scope of my inven tion, which is best defined in the following claims:

1. In a fastener, the combination with a stud having a head and a neck of a socket having a plate with a non-circular hole theretln'ough for marginal engagement with the neck of said stud, said hole and stud shaped to permit movement of said stud into semi-locked relation to said socket when strain is exerted in a predetermined lateral direction.

2. In a fastener, the combination with a stud having a head and a neck, of a socket having a plate with a non-circular hole therethrough for marginal engagement with the neck of said stud. said hole and stud shaped to permit movement of said stud into senilocked relation to said socketwhcn strain is exerted in a predetermined lateral direction and providing for separation of stud and socket by relatively slight transverse strain while interlocking against separation by lateral strain.

A stud and socket fastener comprising, in combination. a stud. and a socket providing a plate having an aperture therethroueih for receiving the stud. said aperture noncircular to permit limited displacement of the stud relative to the socket when under lateral strain, such limited displacement be ing insufficient to prevent separation of stud and socket by strain in a substantially transverse direction.

4. A stud and socket fastener comprising, in combination, a stud, and a socket proriding a plate having a pluralrdirection semi-keyhole slot therethrough for receiving the stud.

In a stud and socket fastener, the combination of a stud having a head and a neck, a socket providing a plate having an ovaloid hole therein for receiving the stud, the edge of said plate engaging the neck of the stud.

6. In a stud and socket fastener, the combination of a stud having a head and a neck, a socket providing a plate having an ovaloid hole therein for receiving the stud, the edge of said plate engaging the neck of the stud, and resilient means in said socket engaging said stud.

7. In a stud and socket fastener, the combination of a stud having a head and a neck, and a socket casing providing anon-circular stud-receiving aperture having marginal portions for wedging engagement with the neck of the stud when strain is exerted in a lateral direction.

8. In a stud and socket fastener, the combination with a stud, having a head and a neck, of a socket having a convex face adjacent the stud, the stud having a flanged concavity to cooperate with the convex face of the stud when stud and socket are in engagement, and the convex face of the socket having a non-circular aperture therein providing a wedging engagement with the neck of the stud when strain is exerted in a lateral direction.

9. A stud and socket fastener comprising, in combination, a stud having a head and a neck, a socket presenting a face to the stud having a non-circular hole therethrough presenting a marginal portion for engagement with the neck of said stud, and resilient means in said socket positioned rela tive thereto to prevent interference of said resilient means with a predetermined relative locking engagement of said neck and marginal portion when under lateral strain.

10. A socket for stud and socket fasteners, comprising, in combination, a casing containing a spring and providing a notched stud-receiving aperture, said spring presenting a stud-engaging part supported at both ends by flanged-over marginal portions of said casing, said spring permitting entrance of the stud neck into said notch.

11. A socket for stud and socket fasteners comprising, in combination, a casing containing a spring and providing a notched stud-receiving aperture, said spring presenting generally parallel disposed parts supported at both ends by flanged-over marginal portions of said casing, said parallel spring parts extending in the general direction of said notch.

12. A socket for stud and socket fasteners providing a casing having a stud-engaging spring portion supported at both ends by flanged-over marginal portions of the socket, said casing having an aperture completely therethrough for entrance of the stud, and said aperture being formed to provide a notch in the casing into which the neck of the stud may enter and become locked against separation under lateral strain.

13. A socket for stud and socket fasteners having a stud-receiving opening therein and presenting a narrowed portion for engagement beneath the head of the stud, said narrowed portion being so restricted in effective length as to permit separation of stud and socket when strain is exerted in a generally transverse direction, while opposing separation by such tipping movement as is caused by the resolution of forces under lateral strain.

14. In a separable fastener, a stud having a head, a neck and a base flange, the smallest part of the neck being located at a position somewhat removed from the plane of the base flange adjacent the bottom of the neck, and a socket casing, having an interiorly disposed stud-engaging marginal portion, said flange of said stud and the adjacent face of said socket casing being relatively spaced apart to bring the smaller part of the neck of the stud opposite the stud-engaging interiorly disposed marginal portions of the socket.

15. In a separable fastener, a stud having a head and a neck, a socket having an aperture therein providing a neck-engaging interiorly disposed marginal portion of the socket, a spring in said socket for engagement with the neck of the stud, said neck of said stud being of sufficient length to permit engagement therewith of said marginal portion and said spring a substantial distance below the plane of greatest diameter of the head of said stud.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

FRED S. CARR.

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