US1347905A - House - Google Patents

Description

R. E. HELLMUND.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9, 1911. v 1,347,905, Patented July 27, 1920.

3 SHEETSSHEET I.

Ground Gray/rd WITNESSES: INVENTOR Rudd/f5 He/lmoad.

I: A ATTORNEY R. E. HELLMUND.

'SYSTEM OF CONTROL APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9, 1917.

Patented July 27,1920.

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INVENTOR Roda/f5 h'el/mwrd.

ATTORNEY R. E. HELLMUND.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9, 1917.

Patented July 27, 1920.

3 SHEETSSHEET3.

L owspec d acae/erafin Eround WITNESSES: INVENTOR around Rudolf E. b'eflm and BY 7 W RUD OLI E. HELLMII'ND;.OFISWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNQB 'IO WESTING HOUSE ELECTRIG AN D JEANUFAGTURING COIJIEAIYY, A GQRPORATION-OF PENN- SYLVANIA.

SYSTEM..-,OF CONTROL;

Application jfilegl, March 9,

Toiall whp zt it may concern,- I

Be itknown that l, Runonr E. Hunt.- MUND, subject of theEmperor of Germany, and a resident of Swissvale, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvanla, have invented a new. and useful lmprove ment in Systems of (lontrol of which the following is, a specificat ion.

My invention, relatesito systemsof control and especially to. directcurrent control systems for QlGCtlflCflilllWilY-VGlllQlG motors and the like that are adapted for both a'cceleratingand regel iera-ting pperation,

The object of my invention is to provide a system of the above-vindicated character which shall be effective; and reliable .in operation and particularly. economical with respect tonpower requirements, inasmuch as rege-neratiol may ,be carriedto a substantially. zero speed oi the momentum-driven machines .without, however requiring the usefoit certain; auxiliary machines throughout the entire I regenerative .period, as has beencustomaryin the prior art.

Mo re specifically stated it is the ob ect of my invention. to provide. a control systcm comprising a plurality of maindynanioelectric vmachinesthat are governed in accordance withthe familiar series-parallel control during acceleration. and by parallel-series control during the regenerative period, dependentupon machine speed, a1 1 d,. in addition; an aux liary niotor generatoiyor booster set 18 connected 1n circuit only under predetermined relatively low-speed conditions, is, atv the begin: ning of accelerating operation and at the end of the regeneratingperiod only.

My inventionlmay best be understood by refe ence to the accompanyi ng drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a diagrammatic "VlEXV o'ii a. systern fofcontrol embodying my invention the maincircuits and theauxiliarymachine circuits being shown; Fig, 21s a diagrammatic view of one form of auxiliary govemingsystem ior controlling the various switching devices shown in Fig. 1, 1n accorcance with the sequence cha Fig 3 andl ig. l; correspond to acceleration and regeneration, respectively; and Fig. 5 to Fig. 8, inclusive, Iare simplified diagrams of vario us' .sets ci connections, as indicated by theaccompanyin egends.

Reicrringto Fi g. 1, the systemshown comdescribed.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 27,

ith eria -N 4. 3 5 9 switch asp-e sy familiar type, here shown convent onally tor purposes of, simplicity and clearness; a plurality oi, sWitchestOr the main and the ta lviary machine circuits LS JR, J, M; Sr; and 1 to 5; inclusive; a plurality oi main-circuit stabilizing resistors .Rl andsR2 and auxiliary-circuit resistors 6 to 10, inclusive; a plurality of limit switches L1 and L2 ior respectively governing the ,operation oii switches/l and 5; avoltage relay l9; employed. under preliminary regenerative conditions; 7 and a combined mot -generator, and e :citer set or booster set i having armatures20 to 23, inclusive, tl iat are preferably mounted upon a common shaft. 2lfor purposes to. be

The auxiliary exciting armatures 20 and 21 are respectively adapted to variably energize the main field windings F1 and F2, respectively throiiighout the accelerat ing and the regenerative periods, and are provided withsliunt field windings 25 and 26 respectively, wh ch may be governed in common vby theresistor l0. The auxiliary motor or driving armature 22 is provided with a series-related field winding 27- and with a shunt field winding 28 the energization of which may be varied by suitably manipulating theresistor 8. The auxiliary generator armature v23 is also provided with a series-related field winding 29 and with a shunt field winding 30, the strength of which may be adjusted by the variable resister 9. Y 1 V The general operation of the system just described may bestated as follows initially, the auxiliary-motor armature 22 is connected in series rehition with the main series-connected aianatures. while the auxdiary-generator armature 23 is connected to the supply circuit to return such energy thereto as is not required for. accelerating the main machines and i or supplying the small necessary losses thereby effecting ac celerating operation without requiring the use of wasteful resistors. However, as soon as a predetermined relatively low speed is attained, the booster set is excluded from circuit, and, subsequently, series-parallel control of a familiar type is employed for governing the main motors.

During regeneration, in general, the opposits sequence of control is utilized, namely, the machines are connected in parallel relation across the supply circuit, under suitable highs ieed and voltage conditions, parallel-series control is then employed to effect regeneration until a relatively low machine speed is reached, and then the booster set is again fully included in circuit to thus effect a continuation of regenerative operation until the main-machine speed is substantially zero. Thus, main-cir cuit accelerating resistors are eliminated, and a relatively large percentage of the kinetic energy of the momentum-driven machines and vehicle is returned to the supply circuit; but the booster set is included in circuit for only a relatively small portion of the operating time and never carries a relatively heavy current, since it is connected in circuit with the main machines only when they are connected in series relation. Consequently, the initial cost and weight and the operating expenses of the booster set are correspondingly low.

Reference may now be had to Fig. 2, wherein the auxiliary governing system shown comprises the actuating coils of the various circuit-governing switches shown in Fig. 1; and the variable resistors 8, 9 and 10 which, together with the various actuating coils, are adapted to be suitably governed by a master controller MC that is adapted to occupy a plurality of operative positions a to j, inclusive, when moved in one direction corresponding to acceleration, and a plurality of operative positions a to 9 when actuated in the other direction that corre sponds to regeneration, a battery 13 or other suitable source of energy being employed for the purpose of exciting the various actuating coils.

rlissuming that it is desired to effect acceleration of the main machines, the master rontroller ll (3 may be actuated to its initial operative position a, whereupon one circuit is established from the positive terminal 13+ of the battery 13, through conductor 10, conirol fing as 41 and which are bridged by contact segment 1-3 of the master controller the actuating coil of the switch LS and conductor a l to the negative battery terminal 13-.

Another circuit is completed at this time from the contact segment 43, through control finger 4:5 and the actuating coil of the switch JR, to the negative conductor 44.

Further circuits are simultaneously completed by the engagement oi the contact segment 43 with control fingers 46 and 47,

whence circuits are respectively continued 'through the actuating coils of the switches 2 and 3 to the negative conductor l i.

Referring temporarily to Fig. 1, the circuits established by the closure of the above mentioned switches may be traced as follows: from the trolley through conductor 50, switchLS, actuating coil 51 of the limit switch or relay L1, main armature A1, stabilizing resistor R1, conductor 52, switch (ill, conductor 53, stabilizing resistor R2, conductor 5 main armature A2, conductor 55, actuating coil 56 of the limit switch L2, conductors 57 and 58, switch 2, conductor 59, the auxiliary motor armature 22 and its series-related field winding 27, and conductors (30 and G1 to the negative supply-circuit conductor ground.

An auxiliary-machine circuit is established from the trolley through conductor (32, suitable switch 63, conductors (it, and G5, the shunt field winding 28 for the auxilia y motor armature 22, conductors G7 and G8, switch 3 and conductor 69 to ground.

One terminal of the auxiliary generator armature 25-3 is connected, through conductor 70, to the positively-energized conductor (55, while the other terminal thereof is connected, through the corresponding series-related field winding 29 and conductor 71, to the negative conductor 61. The shunt field winding 30 for the auxiliarygenerator armature 23 has one terminal connected to the positively-energized conductor 70 and its other terminal connected through conductors 72 and 73 to ground.

One brush of the auxiliary exciting armature 20 is connected to conductor 75, whence circuit is completed through the intermittently short-circuited resistor 6, conductor 76, stabilizing resistor R1, conductors 77 and 78, the reversing switch RS and the main field winding F1, in accordance with the usual custom, and conductor 79 to the opposite terminal of the exciting armature 20. One terminal of the other e 'citing armature 21 is connected, through conductor 80, intermittently short-circuited resistor 7, conductor 81, stabilizing resistor R2, conductor 82, reversing switch RS and main field winding F2, and conductor 83, to the other terminal. The field-winding circuits for the exciting armatures 20 and 21 are established from the positively-energized conductor 64, through conductor 84:, to junction-point 85, thence, through the parallel-related field windings 25 and 26 for the respective exciting armatures 20 and 21, to junction-point 86, from which point circuit is completed through conductors 8'7 and 88 to the nega tive supply-circuit conductor ground.

Thus, as illustrated in the simplified diagram, Fig. 5, the auxiliary-motor armature 22 is initially connected in series relation with the main machines and is strongly enply i circuit b ergized to thereby absorb the greater part of the supply-circuit voltageiand efiect the impression upon the main machines of a suitably low electromotive force for starting them into operation. The accelerating'energy that is not utilized for supplying necessary operating losses is returned to the supthe auxiliary-generator armature 23. [he excitation of the auxiliary exciting armaturesQO and 21' is also. relatively great, thereby producing aycorre-- spondingly .strong field-winding excitation for the mainmachines, under starting "conditions;

' Upon actuation of the master controller MO (Fig 2), through the multit-notchpo- 'sition b, a series of control fingers 89 that are connected to suitable points of the aux- -iliary resistor -81are. gradually disengaged from the Contact segment iiitothereby include increasingamounts of the resistor 8' 28 in circuit with the shunt fieldwindin for the auxillary-motor armature '22. hus, the auxiliary motor voltage is gradually reduced to correspondingly increase the voltage applied to the main machines and thus effect an increase'of speed thereof.

In position 0 of the master controller, the resistor 10 is gradually inserted. in circuit with the field windings 25. and 26 for the ex- 7 citing armatures 2O a'ndQl, thereby corre- 'spondingiy weakening the main-fielctwinding excitation to cause an increase. in the speed of the main machines in accordance with familiar principles. i

In position d, the contact segment 13 first engagescontrol finger 92, whence circuit is completed through the actuating coil of the switch l to the negative battery conductor 44:. Thus the auxiliary motorarmature 22 which, at this time, has impressed 11113011 it a negligible voltage, is shortcircuited and entirely excluded. from further operation during the accelerating -period 7 r v A further auxiliary circuit Y is :fcompleted in position (Z of the master controller bythe engagement of control finger! 93 with the contact segment 43 'toeriect theexcitation of the actuating coil of the switch J The actuating coil of the switch JR is thereupon ,cleenergized 'byjthe disengagementof coni. trol finger 45 from the-contact-segment 43.

in position e,'contact segment 43 first engages control fingers 9i and 95. whereb the actuating coils oftheswitches M andorare energized and the actuating coil -of the switch J is-thereupon 'denergizledq, Furthermore, swit'chesQ and 3 are opened by reason of the deenergiz ation of their actuating 'coils in position ,6 and thus theauxiliary motor armature 22 andfits field w1nd1ng;28

are entirely disconnected from circuit to thereby reduce the losseslin them'otor -genmature" 23 actingas a motor.

erator set. which is now. drivenby the armain-circuit connections produced by the closure of switches'M and G and the concurrent opening of switches J R and J it is believed that the arrangement of main circuits will be fully understood from Fig. 6, inasmuch as the operation outlined consti tutes the familiar bridging type of se-V ries-parallel transition. i

To further effect acceleration of themain machines after their initial connection in parallel relation, the contact segment 45 again successively breaks contact with the control fingers 91 to thus gradually include the auxiliary resistor 10 in circuit with the V field windings of the exciting. armatures '20 and 21 and thereby reduce the main fieldwinding excitation, as previously set forth.

Throughout the entire accelerating op eration, switches 4i and 5., which normally short-circuit the vresistors 6 and 7, respec tively, are governed by the limit switches L1 and L2, which are responsive to maincircuit currentv conditions, thus including the resistors 6, and 7 incircuit with the corresponding auxiliary. exciting armatures whenever a relatively high main-armature currentobtains to reduce the main field ex-.

negative conductor 44. Similarly, a circuit iscompleted from control finger 100, which corresponds to the control finger 96, through conductor 101, cooperating contact members 102 of the limit switch L2 in its upper position, conductor 103 and the actuating coil of the switch 5 tO. CO11Cl\1CtO1-fii. In this way-, relatively.greatsurges orvariations of I accelerating current are automatically prevented. 1

Assumingthat conditions ,aresuitable iorr regenerative braking operation, the master controller is first returned to its off position, and'the maincircuit reversing switch RS is then actuated to its reversed position for a familiar'purpose. By actuating the. master; controller to its initial regenerative position a, switches M, G and 1 are first closedby. reason of the 'engagement'of a contactsegment 109 of the master controller with the corresponding control fingers 94,; :95-and 92." j 3 q The switch LS isnot closed to connect the momentum-driven machines to the supply circuit until the voltage of the armatures A1 and A2 has been built up.throughsuitable field excitation from the auxiliary-ex iting p the actuating coil of the switch LS to negaimmediately ellects tive conductor 44. As soon as the switch Lt) has closed, an auxiliary electrical interlock Lil-in, which is associated with, and actuated by, the switch LS, in accordance with a familiar practice, bridges the auxiliary contact members 111, thereby rendering the v closure of the switchLS subsequently independent of the operation of the voltage relay 19. See simplified diagram Fig. 7.

A brief exposition of the ch1etlunct1on' of the stablilizing resistorsltl and R2 will be of value. By reason of the peculiar circuit connections, eachresistor carries the corresponding combined main-armature and exciting-armature, or main field-winding, currents. In the case of an incipient increase of main-armature or regenerative current, therefore, the augmented voltage drop across the corresponding stabilizing resistor reduction of the voltage available for delivery to the main field winding from the allied exciting armature, thereby causing a reduction of the rege erative current to a dcsirednormal value. Conversely, an incipient decrease of main-armature current produces an inherent increase of. main field-winding current. Thus, the regenerative current is maintained substantially constant, irrespective of supply-cin Quit-voltage fluctuations and the like. The system just set forth is fully described in my co-pending application, Se ial No. 44,443, filed Aug. 9, 1915,.patented Aprill, 1919, No. 1,298,706.

Upon movement of the master controller thrmligh its multi-notch position 0', the resistor 10 is gradually short-circuited to thereary by increase the excitation of the aux field windings 25 and 26 and correspondingly augment the energization of the main lield windings F1 and F2, as the speed oi the main machines decreases. Positions 0 and 03 are transition notches wherein the main machines are gr dually changed over to series relation by the closure of switch J, the opening of switches M and G, the closure of switch JR and the opening of switch J, thus effecting an uninterrupted transition from parallel to series relation without producing any undue current surges.

In position 6, the resistor 10-is again gradually short-circuited to correspondingly increase the excitation of the main field windings after'the series connectionof the main machines to compensate for the speed decrease thereof. in poslt on 7", switch 1 is opened by reason of the disengagement of the contact segment 109 from thecontrol linger 92 just after the engagement of the contact segment with control lingers 4:6 and N to ellect the closure of switches 2 and 3. Thus, the booster set is again fully included in circuit, the auxiliary armature 22 absorbing the necessary portion oil the full voltage in order to maintain regenerative operation of the main machine. See Fig. 8.

To continue regeneration until a substantially zero main-machine speed is attained, the resistor Sis gradually excltuled from circuit in 1nulti-notch position 9 of the master controller and thus the voltage of the auxiliary armature 221's gradually increased to compensate 'l or the corresponding decrease of. main-machine. voltage and speed until a substantially zero speed of the main machines obtains.

Throughout the regenerative period also, the switches 4 and 5 are governed by the limit switches L1 and L2 to prevent surges of regenerative current, in the manner previously described.

I do not wish to be restricted to the specifie circuit connections or arrangement of parts herein set forth, as various modifica tions thereof may be ellected without departing'from the spirit and scope of my in- :vention. I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a system of control, the combination with a supply circuit, and a plurality of 'main dynamo-electric machines adapted for both acceleration and regeneration, oi an auxiliary booster set, means for effecting series-parallel control of the main machines, and means for connecting one of the booster-set machines in series-circuit relation with the main machines and another in parallel-circuit relation thereto only under conditions of relatively low accelerating or regenerating main-machine speed.

' 2. In a system of control, the combination with a supply circuit, and a plurality of main dynamo-electric machines, of an auxiliary booster set, means for effecting series-parallel accelerating control and parallel-series regenerative control of the main machines I above predetermined machinespeed conditions, and means for connecting one of the booster-set machines in seriescircuit relation with the'main machines and another in parallel-circuit relation thereto whenever the machines are below predeter-' mined speed conditions.

3. In a system of control, the combination with a supply circuit, and a plurality of main dynamo-electric machines, of auxiliary exciting means for the main-machine field windings, auxiliary dynamo-electric means tor varying the relation o1 supply-circuit and main-machine voltage, means for em-' ploying said dynamo-electric means during only predetermined operating conditions, and means for effecting series-parallel controlof the main machines under all other conditions.

- .4. In a system of control, the combination with a supply circuit, and a plurality of main dynamo-electric machines, of auxiliary exciting means for the main-machine-field windings, auxiliary dynamo-electric machines respectivelyadapted for connection in chines rotatable with the first mentioned auxiliary machines and respectively adapted for connection in series relation with, and in parallel relation to, the main machines, means for employing said other auxiliary machines only under relatively low-speed accelerating and regenerating conditions to v ditions series relation with and in parallel relation vary the relations of supply-circuit and main-machinev voltages, v and means for effecting series-parallel accelerating control and parallel-series regenerating control of the main machines for higher-speed condiions.

6. In a system of control, the combination Witha supply circuit, and a plurality of main dynamo-electric machines, of an auxiliary booster set, means for connectingv one of the booster-set machines inseries re-. lation with the main machines and another in parallel relation thereto only under. conof relatively V low-main-machine speed to vary the relations of supply-circuit and i'nain-n'ia'chine voltages, and-means for effecting seriesparallel control of the main-machines for higher-speed conditions.

7. In a system of control, the combination with a supply circuit, and a plurality of main dynamo-electric machines adapted for both acceleration and regeneration, of an auxiliary motor-generator set, means for effecting series-parallel control of the main machines, and means for connecting one. of

the auxiliary machines in series-circuit relation with the main machines only under conditions of relatively low accelerating and regenerating main-machine speed. V

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 28th day of Feb, '1917.

aUDoLr E. HELLMUND.

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