US1347755A

US1347755A - Cartridge-magazine

Info

Publication number: US1347755A
Application number: US297285A
Authority: US
Inventors: Oscar V Payne
Original assignee: AUTO ORDNANCE CORP
Current assignee: AUTO ORDNANCE CORP; AUTO-ORDNANCE Corp
Priority date: 1919-05-15
Filing date: 1919-05-15
Publication date: 1920-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 1937-07-27
Also published as: DE393119C; CH87060A; NL7380C; FR500863A; GB141533A

Description

O. V. PAYNE.

CARTRIDGE MAGAZINE. I

APPLICATION FILED MAY|5.1919. 1,347,755. Patented J 11) 27, 1920.

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Z720663 %9c(1/r KP/agim ,K/fiwf w 7505 @2 0. V. PAYNE.

CARTRIDGE MAGAZEHE.

I APPUCATION FILED MAY 15. HR. A 1 347 755 Patented July 21, 192v.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

unrrsn stares PATENT OFFIQE.

OSCAR V. YAYNE, =3 CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO AUTO-ORDNANCE CORHORA- "SIGN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

Application filed May 15,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Oscar: V. PAYNE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Cleveland in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Cartridge-Magazines, of Which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to cartridge magazines and more particularly to drum-shaped magazines in which the cartridges are fed along a spiral passageway.

Magazines of this general character have been. proposed heretofore but for various reasons have not roved satisfactory. One

because of the curvature of the passageway and owing to the fact that the propelling force is usually applied to the rearzanost cartridge and thence successively to the preceding cartridges, so that the cartridges are forced outwardly against the outer wall of the passageway and tend to bind. The cartridges are usually impelled along the pas sageway by a spring engaging the rearmost cartridge and in larger magaranes the spring must be made heavy and strong to advance the large number of cartridges when the magazine is relatively full. \Vhen the magazine becomes almost empty the force required to impel the remaining cartridges is relatively small. Consequently if the spring be made sufiicientlyheavy to 1mpel the larger number of cartridges 1t 1s too strong to impel the small number of cartridges at the proper rate and with the proper force and as the cartridges are fed out the force with which they are presented to the magazine open ng gradually increases, becoming excessive as the magazine approaches emptiness.

Another objection to spiral n'ra azines of thecharacter heretofore propose-fl is that Specification of Letters Patent.

1919. Serial No. 297,285.

they are unduly bulky. are ill-shaped for conveni nt manufacture and use, and have a disproportionate amount of waste space therein. For many reasons I have found it desirable to make the magazine casing circular and to confine the spiral passageway to an annular space bounded on the outside by the circular wall of the casing and bounded on the inside by a concentric circular wall or partition of smaller diameter.

. If an ordinary spiral passageway be formed in this armular space it will leave waste spaces ndjacentthe two walls, the spaces varying in width throughout the length of the annular space and together being equal in areato one complete turn of the spiral passageway.

The principal objects of the present invention are to overcome the aforesaid diificulties and disadvantages incident to spiral magazines of the prior art and to provide a spiral magazine in which the cartridges ma Y be advanced without undue friction an binding, in which the cartridges are presented to the delivery opening of the magazine substantially uniformly throughoutthe delivery of all the cartridges in the magazine, and in which the spring or other means for impelling the cartridges toward the delivery opening of the magazine mav be made sufficiently strong to properly advance the entire mass of cartridges when the magazine is relatively full without interfering with the proper presentation of the cartridges to the delivery opening when the magazine approaches emptiness.

Other objects of the invention are to provide a magazine in hich the motive spring may be wound either before or after the magazine is filledand generally to improve the construction of such magazines whereby they may be readily constructed at low cost .and whereby they are convenient and reliah e in use.

3'1 one aspect the invention consists in 1.=rc-viding separate means for advancing the cartridges toward the deli ery opening of the magazine and for presenting the cartridges to the opening after they have been brought into the region thereof. The latter means preferably comprises a spring or other motive means (as opposed to a stationary guide) which isadapted to present tlie cartridges individually to the opening. Thus the cartridges may be advanced col- Patented July 2'7, 1920.

lectrely, either in toto or in groups, by the main motive means and then be presented individually-to the delivery opening by the other motive means. The delivery opening, spiral passageway and the two motive means are preferably so arranged that the main motive means advances the cartridges along a. path transverse of the opening and the other motive means moves the cartridges transversely of said path. Thus each motive means impart a separate and distinct motion to the cartridges. Moreover the latter motive means preferably acts as a stop to restrain the action of the main motive means after each foremost cartridge has been advanced thereto and untrl the cartridge has bees. delivered from the m agazinc.

bind and the 'undue friction, especially against the outer wall of the long passage way, which has heretofore rendered it practi ca1ly impossible to employ spiral magazines except in small sizes. The rotor arms are made to extend across the inner turns of the spiral passageway into the outer turn so that each arm impels a plurality of groups of cartridges in the respective turns-of the passageway. Moreover the arms are preferably so shaped that the space between adjacentarms in each turn of the passageway is substantially equal to the added diameter of a group of cartridges and by flaring the arms outwardly the space in each turn ma be made equal so that that the space in each turn will hold the same number of cartridges in a fairly close group.

In another as ect the invention comprises a spring for actuating the aforesaid rotor together with means for winding the spring and holding it wound. The winding means preferahly comprises a shaft journaled in the magazine concentrically with the rotor, the actuating spring being connected at its opposite end to the shaft and rotorrespectively, together with one or more members extending outwardly from the shaft along the wall of the magazine case, said members and case havln coiiperating catches adapted to hold sai shaft against bacliwai ri rotation by the spring. Said member preferably comprises a disk of sheet metal secured to the shaft and provided with struck-up spring fingers adapted to engage the catches provided on the mage- In another aspect the invention consists zine case Said shaft may also serve as a. bearing tor the rotor. I

In still anather aspect the invention consists in form ng the spiral passageway not in the form 0% a true spiral but in the form of a. mod fied spiral, the modified spiral preferably being circular throughout a por tion or portions of its length. For example, throughout a. sector of 210 the turns of the passageway are made circular and concentric and throaghout. the remaining sector the passageway is so curved as to connect one end of the next circular portion to the other end of the next circular turn, thereby forming a continuous passageway which is an approximate spiral. In this way a longer passageway can be formed in a given annular space as will more clearly appear he? 'einafter.

Gther as ects of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings in which- Figure I. is a side elevation of the magazinc applied to a firearm, the firearm being shown more or less diagramatically in section;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the magazme;

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the magazine;

Fig. 4.- is an end elevation of the mega.- zine rotor looking from the rear;

Fig. 5 is aplan view of the rotor;

Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the magazine with the cover removed and the rotor in'section;

Fig. 7 is a detailed view corresponding to Fig. 6, showing the parts in a difi'erent position;

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating the mode of operation;

Fig. 9 is a section on line 9-9 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 10 is asection on line 10-10 of he particular embodiment of the invention chosen for the purpose of illustration comprises a drum-shaped case. C havin a cover C covering its forward open side.

In axial-openings in the case C and cover C is journaled a tubular shaft lwhich projects from the opposite sides of the case.

Shou ders are provided on the shaft L on each side of the case by providing annular grooves in the shaft; an retaining means are provided to fit in behind the shoulders to serve the two-fold purpose of retaining the shaft against axial movement in the case and of holding the cover on the case. As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the retaining means are in the form of

debents

35 and 36 pivotally mounted on the end wallsof the case by means of pins 37 and provided with forked portions adapted, to into the grooves in the shaft. In order to hold the 180 has. it-MA v v fisiegnnthejhaft Land-the outer --walldisposed aF-coil spring 4 whi :h' is anchored I to the rotor wall 3 at one end by'means of disk 9 by meansof rivets 15.

detents in position the free ends thereof are" -cnd walls of the case (Fig.

Mounted on the end v'alls of the case are

horizontal guides

39 and 10 adapted to slide horizontally into grooves in a. firearm, as illustrated in Fig. 1. On the rear wall of the case is mounted a. stop 41 having a vertical groove 42 in the center and sloping surfaces 43 sndl-L on either side of the groove; This stop is adapted to cooperate with a detent on the firearm to lock the magazine against transverse movement after the

guides

39 and 40 have been slipped into the corresponding grooves in the firearm until the delivery opening 33 of the magazine is positioned immediately below the boltof the firearm. By sloping the faces 43 and 14 on each side of the groove 42' the .magazine mav be inserted from either side and the detent on the firearm will ride up one of the sloping surfaces and snap into the groove 42. This means for locking the magazine against transverse movement is described and claimed in my co-pending application, Serial N 297,282 filed on even .date herewith.

Rotatably mounted .on the shaft. 1 a

rivets 5 (Fig. 6) and at the other end to the shaft 1 by means of a pin 6 (Figs. 3 and 6). An annular flange '1 is formed on the shaft 1 immediately within the end wall 8 of the case C and to this flange is secured a A. sprin catch or bifurcated washer 35' is arrange to fit into a groove in the shaft 1, as shown in Fig. 3, to hold the rotor in position on the shaft. As shown in elevation in Fig (the disk 9 is intersected with a plurality of oblique slots 10 thus-providing fingers 11 which have their outer ends 12 bent outwardly in radial planes. The rear wall of the case C is provided with a. plurality of indentations 13 which resent radial shoulders 14 in the path 0 the ends '12 of the fingers 11 and facing in such direction as to en e the ends 12 and prevent the disk 9 an s aft 1 fro rotating'in a clockwise direction (Figs; and 10). However the fingers'll on the disk 9 are sufiiciently flexible to permit the ends 12 to ride over. the indentations 13 when the disk is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 4).

Mounted on the outer periphery of the wall 3 of therotor are a plurality of arms oi fingers 16 which extend outwardly into close proximila' to the outer peripheral wall 7 of the case These fingers are provided on one side with radial faces 18 and on their delivery ope tially in spirals so as to form therebetween spiral channels of sufficientwidth to receive the ends of the cartridges, as shown for example in Figs. 3 and 6. The

guide members

24 and 25 are preferably made in the form of flexible bands of sheet metal and are secured along their outer edges to the end wall: of the resin r C in any suitable manner but preferably y providing tabs at intervals along their outer edges adapted to fit through slots in the walls of the case and be riveted therein. Thus in the detailed view shown in Fig. 9 the band 24: is provided with a tab 26 which projects through a slot in the wall 3 of the casing and is riveted over on the outside it being understood that these tabs 26 are provided at suitable intervals along the idesi24= and *tlie wens of thecEiiig-affords a convenient method of accurately positioning the uides' Y on the casing inasmuch as the series 0 slots adapted to receive the tabs 26 on the guide members may be stamped in the walls ofthe case in the proper positions by means of a. die and in order to position the guides accuratelv in the case it is then onl necessary to slots and rivet the tabs therein.

As shown in Fig. 6 the

guides

24 and 25 sitioned in the case that thespiral are so channel therebetween begins at the position occupied by cartridge 27 and progresses in a cloc nin 28. While the dos may j i g fiia channel be so positioned as to make t exactly spiralI have discovered that the channel maybe made longer-in a. given am 2.

riphera wall of the case by making-the 1:

channel in the form of: a modifiedspiralif rv- As illustrated in Fig. 6 this modified spiral comprises circular portions concentric with the arise! the case extending from the top nular ace between the rotor an of the magazine through 210 in a. counterclochvise direction around to the position occupied by cartridge 27. The remaining portions of the walls extending through the remaining 150 are substantially circular but the center of curvature of these portions is shifted so that the opposite ends of the 150 portions connect with the succeeding flex them and fit the tabs mto the kwise direction and terminates at the v 25, as shown 95 v 35 means of the bolt of the firearm.

in Fig. 6 the stops 31 and springs 32 are=- Fig. 6 the annular space between the rotor and the peripheral wall of the case C is substantially iqual in radial width to thewidth of two cartridge channels. In a space of this width a truly spiral channel could only 10 be extended through 360 and there would be waste spaces inside and outside this channel which would be equal in area to a 360 channel. However by shaping the channels in the manner described the channel can be extended through at least 570, as illustrated in Fig. 6, leaving

waste spaces

29 and 36 which are together only equal to the area of a portion of the channel extending through 15 instead of 360. Obviously the circular portions of the channels which are concentric with the case may be extended throughout angles of more or less than 210 with a proportionate saving of space.

Mounted on the inside of the peripheral wall'li of the case C, immediately in advance of the delivery opening 28, is a. pair of stops 31 and a pair of springs 32, the stops being disposed transversely of the channel in position to engage theforemost cartridge and the springs 32 being arrangedto engage the foremost cartridge on the inside and force it outwardly into the position shown in Fig.- 6, where it may be projected through the opening 33 in the cover C by As shown formed of single bands of spring material folded and bent into the shape shown and secured to the peripheral wall of the case by to means of bolts 34. As shown in Fig. 3 the

guide walls

24 and 25 and the stops 31 and springs 32 are spaced apart a sufficient distance to permit the rotor fingers 16 to pass therebetween.

5 The operation of the mechanism is as follows: The spring 4 may be wound either before or after the cartridges are placed in the magazine. It may be wound before the cartridges are placed in the magazine by rei0 moving the cover and rotating the rotor in a counter-clcckwise direction until the spring is properly tensioned. The rotor may then be held in this positionby inserting a cartridge into the position occupied by 5 cartridge 46 in F ig; 6. As the spring is wound it imparts a rotative force to the shaft 1 in a clockwise. direction '(Fig. 6) but ,the shaft is prevented from rotating due to the fact that the spring fingers on the 0 disk-9 engage the stops 13 on the rear wall of the case. The spring 4 may be wound after the magazine has been filled with cartrid es by means of a crank adapted to 'extend into the hollow shaft 1. and having a 5 forked end adapted to strad-lle the pin 6.

To wind the spring in this fashion the shaft is rotated in a clockwise direction (Fig. 6).

The cartridges are arranged in the Ina-gazine in groups as shown in Fig. 6, the foremost cartridge 46 holding the rotor against rotation by engagement with the stops 31. Owing to the peculiar shaping of the rotor fingers 16 the space between the rotor fingers in each portion of the spiral channel is equal in length notwithstanding the fact that the portions are disposed at different radial distances from the rotor. Moreover the forward faces of the rotor fingers are radia so that the forces applied to the various groups of cartridges are longitudinal of the channels. As the. foremost cartridge is fed out of the magazine through the delivery opening 33 the next. cartridge is moved forwardly until it engages the stops 31, the spring fingers 32 being pressed downwardly into the position shown in Fig. 7. So long as the bolt of the firearm is above the magazine the next cartridge is held in this position thereby. However when the bolt is re tracted from above the magazine the springs 32 quickly flip the cartridge up into the posit-ion shown in Fig. 6.

. Thus the advance of each cartridge into the position to be picked up by the bolt is along the spiral channel into engagementwith the stop 31 and the second stage in- I volves the movement of the cartridgetrans versely of the s iral channel into the position shown in is produced by means of the main spring 4 and in this movement all of the cartridges are advanced one step. The second movement of the foremost cartridge is produced by the springs 32 and this movement is individual-to the foremost cartridge, the remaining cartridges remaining stationary dnring this movement. The arrangement whereby the cartridges are advanced colleetivelyinto positions ad- 1;;- 6. The first movement jacent the delivery opening and are then moved individually into position in the delivery opening by separate means is'a distinct lmprovementover the prior artwherein only a single motive means is provided to advance the cartridges. This will be ap- P tby reference to Fig. l'wherein is shown a bolt B having a forward portion I p v V 48 adapted to reciprocate to and fro above the magazine between the'f ull line position and the do ted line position 49. In this figure the line 6 indicates the transverse plane of the forward face of the bolt when in retracted position; a represents the plane of the forward edge of the bolt when it engages the foremost cartridge in the magazine in its forward movement; 6 represents the transverse plane of the forward edge of the bolt when the foremost cartridge leaves the magazine; 0 represents the transverse plane of the bolt when in firing position; (i represents the point where the foremost cartridge is uncovered by the bolt on its rearward stroke and iics in the plane a- The oiagmm in 1 lg. 8 represents a compnztc cycle of the bolt beginning on the left at pointe where the bolt is in firing position and progressing in the direction of the ar row to the point 4 where the foremost cartridge is uncovered by the bolt and permitted to be moved upwardly into position in the path of the bolt, thence to point e where the boltis in extreme retracted position, thence to point a wherethe bolt engages the rear end of the mrtridgc, thence to point 6 where the cartridge has been moved out of the magazine and thence to point; a which completes the cycle. The first movement of the foremost cartridge, which is accompanied by a corresponding movement of ail of the cartridges, takes place between points I) and (l of the cycle. 2'. ewhile the bolt is traveling forward from plane I) to firing position and then returning to plane (I (1* ig. 1). The second movement of the. foremost cart-ridge, which is an individual movement- 'according to the presentiuveiition, takes place between the points d and a of the cycle, 11 e. while the bolt is traveling rearwardly from point a-d to retracted position and then returning to plane a (Fig. 1). The interval of time cc-tween points d and a, i. e., between the time when the foremost cartridge is uncovered by the bolt; in its rearvanced along the long curved channels there substantially circular casing ha ing a delivcry opening at the periphery thereof, means for advancing cartridges circumfercnt-ially toward sa:d opening and other means for propellzng the cartridges radially to said openingward movement and the instant when the bolt engages the cartridge in its forward movement, is v'ery short and in order to ad vance the cartridge into position to be picked up by the bolt. it must be moved very quickly during this short intervaL Heretofore it has b an customary: roduce bath of the aforesaid movements 0' the foremost cartridge by means of a single main spring corresponding to spring 4 in the present disclosure. As hcreinbefore explained this is unsatisfactory where a large numbercf cartridges mustbe advanced in asmuch as the inc rtia of the mass is so great that the second movement cannot be effected suiliciently quickly to insure the bolt picln'ng u J a cartridgedurin each forward st-rolze.

owever by providing separate motive means (springs 32 in the presentdisclosure) individually to produce the second movement of the cartridge the second movement. can be efi'ected almost instantaneously and this insures reliable and uniform operation.

Another important advantage of this magazine is that the cartridges are advanced in groups by means of the rotor instead of be ing advanced in a single train by means engaging only the rearmost cartridge. Qwing to the fact that the cartridges must be ad- 2. A cartridge magazine comprising a substantially ircular casing having a delivery opening at the periphery thereof, means including a circumferentially acting spring for advancing cartridges toward said opening, and other means including a radially acting spring for presenting the cartridges to said opening.

3. A cartri ge magazine comprising acontaincr having an o ening through" which cartridges may be delivered therefrom,

means for advancing cartridges toward said opening, and a. leaf spring adapted to be flexed by the advancing cartridges and thereby posirivdy to present the cartridges to said opening.

4-. A cartridge magazine comprising a circular casing having a delivery opening at the periphery thereof, means for advancing cartridges circumferentially toward said opening. and a leaf spring mounted in said casing with its free end extending across said opening in position to be flexed away from the opening by the advancing cartridges, thereby positively to present the foremost cartridge to the opening by its resiliency.

5. A cartridge magazine comprishig a container having an opening through which cartridges may be delivered therefrom, means for advancing'the cartridgestoward said opening along a path transverse of said opening. and other means for successively moving the cartridges substantially perpen 'j diculariy of said path to said opening, said last means being arranged to impartits proelling force to each cartridge substantially in the direction of the path of movement of the cartridge to said opening. 1

6. A cartridge magazine comprising a container having an opening through which ca rtridges may be delivered there-from, means for collectiv :ly advancing the cartridges toward said opening along apath transverse of said opening, and other means for individually propelling the cartridges transversely of said path to said opening, said last means being movable transversely of said path.

7. A cartridge magazine comprising a container having an opening through which cartridges may be delivered therefrom, means including a spring for urging the cartridges toward said opening, and other means for individually moving the cartmeans acting substantially perpendicularly.

to said first means.

9. A cartridge magazine comprising titantainer having an opening through which cartridges may be delivered and having a spiral passageway along which cartridges may be fed to said opening, said passageway extending through more than 360 so as to have overlapping portions and a rotor mounted to rotate substantlally about the central axis of said passageway, said rotor having arms extending outwardly at spaced intervals across the inner portions of said overlapping portions into the outer portions, said arms being shaped so that the distance therebetween is substantially equal in each of said portions and so that the forward faces of the arms are substantially radial, whereby cartridges placed in said portions of the passageway between said arms may be advanced in equal groups upon rotation of the rotor.

10. A cartridge magazine comprisinga. container having an openin through which cartridges may be dehvere and havi an approximately spiral passageway si l ong which cartridges may be led to said opening. said passageway comprising more than one turn so as to have overlapping portions, the portions of the turns defined by one sector being substantially circular and the portions of the turns defined by the remaining sectoralso being substantially circular, the center of curvature of the second said portions being shifted relatively to the center of curvature of the first said portions so that the ends of the second portions connect with the ends of succeeding turns of the first portions, and each of said sectors being of sulficient angular extent to make the junctions of the turns of the two sectors substantially tangential. r

11. A cartridge magazine comprising a container having an opening through which cartridges may be delivered and having an approximately spiral passageway along which cartridges may be fed to said opening, said passageway comprisin more than one turn so as to have overlapping portions, the portions of the turns defined by one" sector being substantially circular and the portions of the turns defined by the remaining sector also being substantially circu ar the cen-' ter of curvature ofthe second said portions being shifted relatively to the center of curvature of the first said portions, so that the ends of the second port-ions connect with the ends of succeeding turns of the first portions, and the smaller of said sectors being at least of the order of one-third of a turn so as to make the junctions of the turns of the two sectors substantially tangential.

12. A cartridge magazine comprising a drum-shaped container having an opening at one side through which cartridges may be delivered, and a. spiral wall disposed in said container substantially concentrically.

therewith to form a spiral passageway leading to said opening, said wall having ears extending through openings in one end of saidcontainer to secure the wall thereto.

13'. The method of forming a spiral passageway in a cartridge container of the character; described which comprises stamping a series of spaced slots in a wall of the container along a spiral path, forming a flexible band of material with ears in one side adapted to fit the slots and similarly spaced, and then flexing the band and securing the cars into the slots.

14. A cart-ridge magazine comprising a container having an opening through which cartridges may be delivered and having an arcuate passageway along which cartridges may be fed to said opening, a rotor for advancing cartridges along said passageway to said opening, a shaft rotatably mounted in said containerconcentrically with said rotor, a coil spring connected to sand rotor .at one end and to said shaft at the other end for actuating said rotor, and a disk mounted on said shaft to extend outwardly along the wall of said container, said disk and com tainer having cooperating catches arranged to permit said shaift to be rotated in one direction to wind said spring but to prevent the shaft from rotating in the opposite direction.

15. A cartridge magazine comprising a container having an opening through which cartridges may be delivered and having an arcuate passageway along which cartridges may be fed to said opening, a rotor for advancing cartridges along said passageway to said opening, a, shaft rotatably mounted in said container concentrically with said rotor, :1 coil spring connected to said rotor at one end and to said shaft at the other end for actuating said rotor, and a disk mounted on said shaft to extend outwardly along the wall of said container, said disk and container having cooperating catches arranged to permit said shaftto be rotated in one direction to wind said spring butto prevent the shaft from rotating in the opposite direction, said disk being formed of sheet metal and the catches thereon comprising flexible fingers stuck up therefrom.

16. A cartridge magazine comprising a drum-shaped case, a shaft axially j'ournaled in said container, the shaft having shoulders disposed on each side of the case, and detents movable into position behind said shoulders to restrain axial movement of said shaft. v

17. A cartridge magazine comprising a drum-shaped case open at one end, a cover with said shaft for holding the cover on the 7 case.

18. A cartridge magazine comprising a drum-shaped case open at one end, a cover for said end, a shaftaxially journaled in said case and cover, and means associated with the shaft both to restrain axial movement of the shaft and to hold the cover on the case.

19. A cartridge magazine comprising a (llllnlEi13,-C( l case open at one end, a cover for said end, a shaft axially journaled in said case and cover, the shaft having shoulders on each side of the case, and detents movable into position behind said shoulders to restrain axial movement of said shaftand to hold said cover on the case.

Signed by me at New York, N. Y., this 28th day of March, 1919.

OSCAR V. PAYNE.