US1339900A - Assigwob to westinghottse - Google Patents

Description

H. A. LEWIS. ELECTROMAGNET APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. m1.

4 SHEETSSHEEI l- 34 3 z M a 17 29 WITNESSES: I

m ENTOR 7 AITTURNEY Patented May 11, 1920.

H. A. LEWIS.

ELECTHOMAGNET APPARATUS.

APPLICATION HLED MAY 22,1911.

1,339,900, Patented May 11, 1920.

' 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2. 6 J3 J2 0 0 Km i WITNESSES: INVENTOR 7 ATTORNEY H. A. LEWIS.

ELECTROMAGNET APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 19M.

1,339,900. Pawnm y 1920.

I45 4 snms s ,46

WITNESSES: INVENTOR 'ATTORNEY H. A. LEWIS. ELECTHOMAGNET APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 19M.

Patented May 11, 1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

A'TTOHLEY VENIOR WITNESSES:

- above referred to.

names .A.- Lewis, or nonms'rowmirsmn SYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 "WESTINGHOUSE ELEGTRIC' ANDTMANUEACTURING COMPANY. A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

'ELECTROMAGNET APPARATUS.

1 ,s-saaoo.

.-Speoifieat1on of Letters Patent.

Patcnted May 11,?1920.

H Application flld'May 22, 1911. Serial No. 628,733.

To 'all whom't'tmay'concew-m 'Be'it known that I Hahn A. 'Lnw1s,"a citizen of the United tates, and a' resident or Norristown, in'the count ofMontgom cry and State of Pennsylvan a, have invented anew and .usefullmprovement infElectromagnet Apparatus; of which the followin is a specification.

y inve n "on relates to. electro magnets and eleetromagneti'ca'lly. actuated switches for the control of electric circuits. I

One .object of. my invention is to, provide an electro-magiiet"comprisinga single coil or a plurality of cooperating coils and a movable armaturelorcore'that is actuated onl by the energization ofsaid coil or colls wit liIl predetermindlimits. A second object of .Iny invention isto provide an electricswitching jdevicethat is actuated an electro-magnet having the characteristics Tor convenience, a switch of this character .will hereinafterhe re ferred' to as a'magnet switch. 1

Control systems dffthe unit-switch type have been l rgely usedgforfgoverning electric motors andhav e comprised a plurality of independently operated switches designed and connected to actsuccessiyely to produce a, gradualand. automatic acceleration of the motors with which they have been associated. In these systems,some independent means is ordinarily employe'dforf delaying the action ofthe successive switches-in order'to ayoid injuring the" motor by excessive current. I

;Vhile my present inventio-mbroa'dly con sidcred, consists of an electromagnetic device having peculiar -of crating characteristics, in a more limite .aspect,,it consists of a .magnet switch that is particularly adapted for useiin unit-switch control systems.

The magnet switch of my invention has the characteristic of occupying its'o ')en position, not only when its; actuating magnet is 'deenergized. but/also when it is energized above a predetermined value. In other words, the. switch is closed (my when energized between v,p'ra'dete miner. limits. By utilizing @a Iplurality of switches of this character in a {simple unit-switch control.

system, the facceieration of an electric fmotor may be {advantageously "accomplished and'the action of each switeh 'delayed until the current traversing the motor circuit has su'fiiciently decreased to fall within thelim its which determine the action of the switches.

in addition to the above-named characteristlcs, the switch, when closed, will remain closed until its actuating magnet winding is denergized, unless the current traversing the coil becomes excessive.

'Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a partially sectionalelevation of a magnet switch havingthe operating character'- istics of my invention and arranged and constructed in accordance therewith. "Fig. 2 18 a similar view of a. modified'structure also embodying my invention. Figs. 3 mm are diagrams illustrating the application of the switches shown respectively in"Figs..l and 2 to. simple systems of electric motor control. Fig. 5 is anfelevation and Fi'g. 6 is a plan View, partially in section, of a magnet switch that is similar tothe switch of igh2, except that four, in'steaid of two, independently. movable core members .or armatnres are provided.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the switch here shown comprises a stationary magnetizable member 1, movable magnetizable members 2 and 3, stationary switch contact members 4 and 5, movable switch contact members 6 and T and actuating coils 8 and 9.

The stationary member 1 is rectangular in form andcomprises a central branch IO'of relativelylarge cross section .on which the coils 8 and 9 .are'both mounted, and side branches 1] and 12, whichare connected, through the branches 28 and'QQ", to the ends of the branch '10 outside ,of the coils '8' and 9 and are inset at 13 and 14Jb'etwee'n the coils so that they come into contact,,or si1bstantially into contact, with the central branch '10, at these points. The portions of the side branches. 11 and 1-2 which'e'xtend to the inset portions 13 and'14 are, for convenience, labeled 29 and 28".

The movable members '2 and 3 are alike and eomprisearms15- and 1'6 thatfarejpivotally secured tothefstationaryfmember 1 at 17 and1-8 and are disposed substantially parallel to, the side branchesll-a nd 12. "The said arms are severally provided with lateral projections 19 and QO that extendin o recesses 21 an'd22 formed by the insetpor conjunction terial, it will tions 13 and 14 of the side branches 11 and 12 of the stationary member 1; inwardly projecting arms 23 and 24 and contact-bearing arms 25 and 26', to which the members 6 and 7 are attached. The widths of the air ga s between the ends of the projections 19 an 20 and the inset portions 13 and 14 are determined b adjusting screws 27 and 2.7 with which the lower ends of the arms 15 and 16 are provided.

The coils 8 and 9 are connected to act in with each other electrically. as a single coilflo yt'hey may have different structural and functional characteristics; for example, the coils may be parts of a single series winding, or the coil 8 may be a hi h resistance shunt coil supplied with smal current, while the coil'9 may be a low-resistance series coil. I

The magnetic fluxestablished by the coil 8 traverses the circuits comprising the central branch 10,,the side branches 11 and 12 and the branches 2S'Q a'nd thegportions 29. That'portionof the stationary magnetizable member lwliieb isincluded in the circuits becomes energized to attract the armatures 23 and 24,-{a'ndbeing.ofmaghetizable matend to maintain the fluxwith: in its own confines. If the flux,,however, is above apredetermined value, sufliciently large to saturate theabove-traced circuits, it will traverse additional circuits comprisingthe central hranch'lO, the, insetportions 13 and 1 1, the recesses 21 ,and22, the side branches 1]. and and th'e branches 28". The fiux-will leak be ond}thc,confines of the circuits justrtrace to 'enter the projections 19. and 20, the armslaand 16 and the armatures 2 3-and,2 4.' leakage .flux will aid th'elrna'grietism of the saturated circuits to close the 'switchfmembers. The flux will even traverse. the full len h ofthe central branch 10,' continuing y wa of the branches 29 .and the lower portions of the branches ll (1 12, across the recesses 21 and 22.],This am is rendered particularly easy of travel becausethe flux of the coil 9 -is in the samei'direction as, that of the coil 8. The excessor. leakage fluxtraversing the recesses2'1 and 22 will ,of course, act upon the pro'ections 19, and 20 with forces op-. posing' t eforc'es acting upon the armaturcs Themagnetic flint. set into 0 oration by the shunt coil ,8- is thusiadapte to actuate the switch members 7 and, 6, throu h its in? fluence upon thearmatures 23 an 24, and to-oppose ,.such actuatiomithro h. its influence upon the projections 19 an 20. This is a. veryimportant feature; for variations in line voltage or in-the tem erature of the shunt coil8 result in varying 0th the forces a'ctingupon the armatultes 23 and 24 and the projections 19 and 20, so. that the time of closing of the switch members 7 and 6 is almost wholl independent of such variations, being ependent upon the decrease in the flux of the series coil 9 alone.

The operation of the electro-magnet and of the switch contact members actuated by it is as follows:

Assuming that the coils 8 and 9 are independently connected and only the coil 8 is energized, the arrangement of parts is such that the arms 23 and 24 will be attracted to the adjacent end of the branch 10 and the switch contacts 6 and 7 will be moved into en agement with the stationary members 4 an 5. If, however, the coil 9 is strongly energized while energy is supplied to the coil 8, a leakage ma netic flux will traverse the air ga s provi ed by the screws 27 and 27 and sit er the arms 15 and 16 and the central branch 10 or portions of the arms 15 and 16 and the projections 19 and 20 that will be of suflicient strength to overbalance the pull upon the arms 23 and 24 and prevent the closing of the switch contact terminals until the current in the coil 9 falls below a predetermined value. lVhen the said current reaches such predetermined value, one of the movable members 2 and 3 will be actuated by the magnetic pull exerted upon the arms 23 and 24 and the corresponding switch will be closed. It is evident that, if only a single pair of switch contacts is desired, only one of the movable members 2 and 3 is necessary. Theoreticall both of the movable members can be ma e to act at the same time'by adjusting the sin ga s with sufficient care, but, practically, it IS impossibleto maintain such an action under ordinary-operating conditions and, consequently, I prefer to use a single movable member for one set of switch contacts and, if two or more members are emplo ed, to so adjust the air gaps that they wil act successivcl to close two independent switches instead 0 acting together.

In the modificdstructure shown in Fig 2, which operates onthe same principle asthe structure shown in Fig. 1, only a single coil 25 is employed. The switch comprises, in

. addition to the coil 25, a central core member 26 on which the coil is mounted, a U-shaped member 27, transverse members 28 and 29 located at the respective ends of the member 27 and movable core members 30 and 31.

Movable switch contact members 32 and 33 are respectively attached .to the upper ends of the members 30 and 31 to cooperate with stationary contact members 34 and 35. The movable core members or armatures 30 and 31 are-pivotally attached to the respective ends of the member 29 at 36 and 37, the switch contact members bein separated, when the coil 25 is deenergize by springs 38 and 39 which hold the armatures 30 and 31 close to the adjacent ends of the member '28. The armatul-es are prevented from comi'flg" i'nto-engagement= with the memher eab means 'f screws -a !id, 41'*tha6 ina'y be edjusted to vary theaiisgap's between the 'sa-id parts. l he ercsssectional area15fthe transterse merhbe1-"29 is"materially? less than the edms' miamg'areaefi thekU shaped member 27 an the-*ei rtreii'fitiesof tlie-niembers arid-'4;l ar relauwi close afidf partner to the-member 29*s'o-tliat, when theieeil esjis energized, thre -is'always a fiux'tending to osdfl1ate= the aiinatiires 'abont their pii'otal points-arid to%clos'etlie Switches;

mein'ber29 and the' lower ends ,ofthe armatures 30 and 31. Thisflux'ob iiouslytends tol'hold the "Switch open since he air. gaps and f 43"are materially farther fromthe piv otaljpoints 36faiidi37 thanfthe point of application-6i there-sees which tend to close the switch. I Ifthe eoil;.25 is connected in seriesflwith" imbwfiqpfl eimitggfid the switch'eonmcflteiminms areaijra'nedto ex elude motor-starting resistance, it" "evidently possible toflso desrgnf the poi 1 25 and its core members that" theifit'st rush of current, when the motor circuit; switch is closed, will prevent the immediate? closing of the swath contacts and, as theniotorlaccelefites and the 'current 'dies'down, thearmature 30,

havingf'the larger air gaps lat 42, will be actuated and the contact terminals 32 and 34 be" brought into engagement with-- each other. It is alsoevident that another rush of current will thenresufltwhi'ch will tend to still further 'delaythe closing of the switch contactterminals33 and 35. I The operation ofjthe switches'shown .in Figs. 1 arid2 will be considered more in detail in, connection with thediagrams .,of Fi .3 and '4 towh'ich reference will now be ad.

In Fig. 3 energy'is supplied to'motor 44 "from any suitable source of "electricit through line conductors '45' and46, the 'direction.0f motor-rotation being controlled by reversing switches 47,48, 49'and"50, and the acceleration of'the motor being controlled 'byflresistor' sections" 51, 52:53 and 54 and magnet switches 55 and 56 which severally corresporidto theswitch of'Fjg. 1. Assuming that the switches occupy the positions shown in the drawing, if master switchi'57 is moved into position 1), energy is supplied from conductor 46, through conductor'58, switch 57 conductor 59, coils-60 and 61 of switches 4 and 50, conductor 62, switch 57 and conductor 63 to the opposite line conductor 45. The reversing switches 47 and'50 are immediately closed-arid the motor circuit is estblishedfrom line conconductor 71, resistor sections 51 to 54, in-

magnet winding 75,- condubtor"76,woverload release circuit breaker -77, "one blade of switch 64an'd conductor 78 to opposite line c'on'du'ctor 45. 'Themagnet'-switches 55 and '56 are "respectivelyprovided with shunt coils 79 'and"80 which are supplied with energy from conductor 46, through conductor'65,' relay switch 81 (which is closed when switch 49 is open) and relayfs'witch 70, circuitlibeing completed fromv oppo'siteiterininalz'of e'o'il79' to the middle point of the accelerating resistance and from the opposite terminal of coil .80 to one terminal of the resistance.

As'already explained in. connection with Fj gl, the"energy'supplied to the coi1s'79 in-3'7 tends m anness arinatures 6f the switches'55 an'd56,j but the jactio'n ofthe series coils 72"and 73,"althongh"they are connected electrically in the-same direction as coils'gSOand 79,tnds" to' J'revent movementof the armatures until he .motor current falls belowa predeterminedvalue. The action of the magnet switches may be prop erly "adjusted. by Varying the number of turns in'the windings 72, 73, 79 and"-but I prefer to make the switches identical structurally and to produce the desiredaction, as hereinafter pointed out. By connecting the shunt coils to difi'erent points in the a'ccelcrating resistance, a higher volta e is agpliecl'to the one'than tothe' ot er. shown .in the drawings, the highervoltzige is applied to the coil 80 and, consequently, the magnet switch 56 has a greater tendency to move its armaturesthan has the switch 55. The airkgaps existing at 82 and 83 are soa'djusted'that, as the motor speedincreases and the current tratersing the-motor circuit is decreased, the armature "84 of switch 56 is first 'actuatedand switch 85 is closed. As soon as this switch is closed; resister section 54 is short circniteiand'the motor current is again increased-so that the armature 86 is notmctuated untilthe motor is still further accelerated. When the armature86 finally movcs,"switch 87 is closed and both resistor sections 53 and 54 areshort circuited. The voltage applied to the coil 79 of magnet-switch 55 has conse uently been increased and, upon the next re notion of motor current armature 88 will be actuated and resistor sectionu52 be short circuited, armature 89 and resistor section 5], being finally short circuited by-reason ofan adjustment of the air gaps of the switch 55 corresponding to that of the air gaps '82 and 83of switch 56.

y The relay switch forms no part of my present invention and is so arranged as to re-insert the accelerating resistance in case of a predetermined overload current traversing the motor circuit. If the motor current becomes very excessive, the overload release circuit breaker 77 will be actuated to ositively;interrupt the circuit. Referring to F ig. 4 of the drawings, the system .hereshown corresponds to the system of Fig. 3 exce t that a reversin switch 90 is substituted: or the switches 4 to 50, inclusive; and magnet switches 91 and-92, which-correspond to the switch of Fi 2, are substitutedfor the switches 55 an 56. Corresponding parts in the two systems are designated by the. same reference characters. The operation of the system of Fig. 4 is as follows: Assuming that master switch 57 is moved topesition (1, energy, is supplied from line. conductor 45, through the master switch 57,v conductor 93, coil 94 of the re- ,versin'g 0, conductor 95 ,sw1tch 57 an c nductpr, 6 in). 9.11995 e sa e ,tor 46. Wheii coil94 is'energi'zed reversing switch arins' gfja nd 98a'r'e moved in opposite directions away from #8 11", other, andthe t r c rcus; mple e f o conductor 45fthrou' hIc nductorfQQ the field-magnet winding 5, conductor 100,' switch contact 97, conductor 101, motor armature 67, conductor 102, switch contact 98", conductor 103, series coils 104 and 105, resistor sections 51 to 54,-'inclusive, and conductor 106 to the other-line conductor 46. Since the currenttraversesthe coils 104 and 10 5, the magnet switches 91 and 92 will-be quite strongly energized when ,the reversing switch closed and the motor circuit isfirst established, then, asthe motor speed increases,' the mtor' current will be materially reduced until the armature 107 of the switch 92 is actuated nd the switch 108 is closed in accordance with the principles of operation outlined in connect1on .w1tl 1 the description of the device shown 1n Fig. 2. As' sqon'as switch 108 is closed, resistor section 54 is short circuited and the resultin increasein the motor; current serves to sti further delay the action of the armature 109 of the switch 92 and the armatures 110 and 111 of magnet switch '91, which will operate successively in the order named to short circuit the resistance sections 53, 52 and 51. The armatures are made to operate in the proper succession by adjustin the air gaps as explained in connectien with the magnet illustrated in Fig. 2, but it 'ma also be found desirable to provide the coi s 104 and 105 with different numbers of turns.

Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings the m net switch here shown is similar to that s own in Fig. 2 of the drawings parts are indicated by and corresponding the same reference characters except that there are four branches 27 and four independently movable core members or armatures 30, the end member 28 being cruciform, as shown in Fig. 6.

The air a s existin between the memhers 30 an the ends 0? themember 28 are adjusted so that the four armatures operate in a predetermined sequence. Movable switch contact members are secured to the armatures 30 and are adapted to cooperate with stationary contact members as in Fig. 2. By means of the arrangement shown m Fig. 5', four independently operated accelerating switches of theiusual type ma be replaced by a single magnet switch o the type here shown and, since four accelerating ste -s are suflicient in a great many instances, it is evident fthata ver simple controller embodying only asingl eEmagnetic switch may beemployed. a Y Y It is evldent that magnet switches embodying. my invention may be adapted'for use with aiv'ariety ot's'ys'tems oficontrol and that 'th'estructure otthe switches themselves ma'v be 'i iaterial'ly varied ',within the spirit ands'cop'e o't my-invention, since I believe that I an'i the first and original inventor of magnetic "ces having the operating characteristics outlined above. Y I claim asmy'finvention:

1. An -electromagnet comprising a stationary magnetizable member, a movable magnetizable member,and two coils forvenergizing said, members with magnetism of the samepolarit said ma netism having a norrnal flux pat that tends r01 roduce relative movement between said mex'n ers and 'a leakgc finx path that tends to prevent relative movement between said members.

2. The combination with a movable element, of means for actuating said element and a magnet the leakage flux of which is adapted to prevent the actuation'of said element. f

, 3. The combination witlra movable member, of a plurality of means for creatin a ma etic. field for controllin said member an means coritrolled'bythe eakage flux of said field for, preventing the actuation of said m'embera v 4. The combination with a movable member, of means for'creatin a plurality of ma netic fields for control mg said member an means controlled by the leakage flux of said fields forpreventing. the actuation of said member. y

5. A magnet comprising two coils and a magnetizable member havm two positions, the leakage flux-due to one 0 said coils tending to maintain said member in one of said positions and the flux due to the other coil serving to maintain said member in said other position.

6. An electromagnetic switch having a series coil and a shunt coil, means whereby theleakage flux due to said series coil tends to maintain said switch openl; and means whereby the iflux due to said shunt coil serves to maintain said switch closed.

7.. A controlling device for electric circuits comprisinga switch membernormally biased; toy open position, a plurality of means foracreating magnetic field, and means whereby the-lcakage flux of said field holds the switch member in open position.

8. Arr electromagnetic switch; having two coils for creating, two supplementing. mag netic fields, one of said fields opposing the closing of said switch and the otherof said fields servingto hold said switch in closed position.

9. The combination with a movable memr ber, of two coils for creatingntwo supple. menting. magnetic circuits for controlling said member, the leakage flux of one of said circuits preventing the actuation of said member and said other circuit serving .to hold said member in actuated position.

10. An. electric switch having two coils, means whereby the leakage fiuxsproduced by onecofsaid coils tends to maintain said switch openand means whereby the leakage flux produced by the other of said coils tends to closesaid switch.

11. The combination with a movableielement, of a magneti forexerting opposing forces upon said elementi-ande magnet the leakage flux of which is adapted to additionally act upon said element in the direction of one of said forces.

12. The combination with an electric motor having an armature, and a source of current for said motor, of a switch for controlling said motor, a magnetizable member for controlling said switch. a coil connected to said source for controlling both ends of said member, and a coil in series with said armature for controlling one end only of said member.

13. The combination with a movable member having two magnetizable portions, of a shunt coil for both of said portions and a series coil for one only of said portions.

14. An electromagnetic switch provided with a coil having shunt characteristics and a coil having series characteristics for creating two magnetic fields adapted to act cumulatively to maintain said switch open in opposition to the force of the field of said coil having shunt characteristics.

15. An electromagnetic switch comprising an armature, a lockout coil acting upon said armature to maintain said switch open and a closing coil acting oppositely upon said armature with forces adapted, respectively, to aid said lockout coil to maintain said switch open and to close said switch.

16. The combination with a magnetizable frame having a recess, of an armature having a projection adapted to extend into said recess and means for energizing. said frame to act oppositely upon: said armature and said proj ection. E

17. The-combination withi a pair of relatively movable magnetizable members, of a series coil anda shunt COIlfOL energizing. said .magnetizable members withmagnetismof one polarity,

normal flux-path that tends to produce rela tive movement between said members and a leakage .fiux path. that tends to. prevent rela tive movement between said members.

18, Thecombination with .a pairof co-- axial, separately mounted coils, of an armature of U-shape one of the legs of .which ex tends between said coilsand the other legof which is adapted to be attracted by one of said coils.

19.1nasystem of motor control, the combination with a motor resistance, of a magnet the resistance having a stationaryimagnetizabie 1 member,

contact members i secured thereto and a voltagezcoil 1 tending. to actuate the movable members and close the switches, and-acurrent coilioperating in thesame direction electrically but opposing the action of the movable. members exceeds a predetermined amount.

20. In a system of motor control, the. cont bination with a motor having an armature and an accelerating resistor in circuit therewith, and a source of current for said motor, of a magnet switch for governing said resistor having a coil in series with said armature, means whereby the leakage flux of said series coil maintains said switch open when the current traversing said motor exceeds a predetermined value, and a coil connected to said source for maintaining said switch closed.

21. The combination with a movable element, of means tending to maintain said element in a predetermined position and a magnet the leakage flux of which is adapted to prevent the actuation of said element to said predetermined position.

22. The combination with a movable element, of an electromagnet for exerting opposing forces upon said element and an electromagnet for additionally acting upon said element in the direction of one of said forces.

23. The combination with a movable switch member, of a series coil and a shunt coil for controlling said member, each adapted to create a magnetic flux, the magnetitflux of said shunt coil having a normal flux path distinct from the flux path of said series coil. and a leakage flux path that coincides in part with said flux path of said series coil, the flux traversing said normal flux path bcin adapted to effect the closing of said switc member, and the flux traversing said magnetism having a.

and an accelerating. switch for governing.

stationary switch contact members, movable magnetizable members,

when the motor current:

said flux path of said series coil being adapted to maintain said switc member open, whereby variations due to voltage or temperature of said shunt coil aflecting the fluxes traversin both said normal flux path and the coinciding part of the flux path of said series coil do not affect the control of said member.

24. In a switch, the combination with a core member and a movable switch member, of a lookout coil and a closing coil, fluxes of the latter exerting opposing forces upon the movable switch member, and means so positioncd as to effect the closing of said switch at a predetermined current flow in said lockout coil, irrespective of temperature and voltage changes in said closing coil.

An electromagnetic switch having a movable switch member, electromagnetic means for closing said member and for compensating for variations in the degree of energization of said electromagnetic means, and electromagnetic means for opposing the movement of said member.

26. An electromagnetic switch having a movable member, electromagnetic means comprising a shunt coil for actuating the same and for compensating for variations in the actuating force because of variations in the value of the current traversing said coil, and a series lockout electromagnet for opposing t'he movement of said member.

27. An electromagnetic switch having a movable switch member, an electromagnet comprising a series coil tending to retain said member in its open position, and electromagnetic means for closing said member and for compensating for variations in the energization of said electromagnetic means whereby said switch member is actuated to its closed position When the current traversing the series coil falls to a predetermined value, irrespective of temperature and volt. age changes in said electromagnetic means.

28. An electromagnetic switch having a movable switch member, an electromagnet comprising a series coil tending to retain said member in its open position, and electromagnetic means comprising a shunt coil for closing said member and for compensating for variations in the ener 'zation of said electromagnetic means y said switch member is actuated to its closed position when the current traversin the series coil falls to a predetermined va ue, irrespective of temperature and voltage changes in said electromagnetic means. 7

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 17th day of May HARRY A. LEWIS. Witnesses: V

G. CARROLL HoovER, R. W. MCGARVEY.

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