US1336056A - Method of and apparatus for drawing glass - Google Patents

Description

A. E. SPINASSE. METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING GLASS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 16. 1915.

A. E. SRINASSE. METHOD oF AND APPARATUS Fori DRAwmG GLAss. APPLICATION F|LE D O CT. I6, 179215.

,1,336,056 Patented Apr. 6, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A. E'. SPINASSE.

METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING GLASS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT.. IE, I9I5.

Patented Apr. 6, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

attowm A. E. SPINASSSE.

METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING GLASS.

APPLICATION FILED O QT. L6. I9,I5.

1,336,056. Patented Apr. 6, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4- uw. /15- l l \rwww A. E. sPlNAssE.

METHOD OIF AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING GLASS.

APPLICATION FILED 0.C.T. L6, I9I5.

Patented Apr. 6, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

gnou/vio@ 1 ARTHUR. E. sPINAssE, or MoUNT VERNON, oHIo.

METHODv F AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING GLASS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 6, 1920.

Application led October 16, 1915. Serial No. 56,184.

4 Toia'll whom #may concern:

'- Beit known that I, ARTHU E. SPINAssE,

a citizen' of the United States, residing ,at Mount Vernon, in the county of Knox and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMethods of vand Apparatus for Drawing Glass; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to a novel' method of and apparatus for drawing glass. It consists mainly in eecting the segregation of a portion ofglass from a molten glass bath by means of a suitable element lor drawin ring without, in general, permitting acxesion ofthe glass to said ring to occur.

My invention consists in chilling a part of the surface portion .of av mass of molten glass, and-drawing an article from. or near the chilled portion; and in practice I segregate a part ofsaid surface portion and either simultaneously with the act of segregation or later, chill the margin of said segregated portion'and draw the article from.within vsaid margin. My invention also covers the apparatus. 3 j

Although within the broad scope of the invention other material .may be used in making the segregating element, I choose to employ'a metal,.preferably iron, for this purpose. Alsol adhesion, in some degree may be permitted attimes, and the temperature of the glass at the adhesive juncture regulated.

Heretofore refractory rings have ibeen. used, their upper edges, or rims, have been made to project above the surface of the glass. I have discovered that the portion of glass adjacent and in contact with theI floating or projecting portion of the ring is liable to become impaired, and at times crystallized. It becomes rough and hard, andis very adherent to the ring and is liable to be `drawn into the object causing breakage of the latter. A skimmer is sometimes used to remove this adherent glass but this produces a number of other blemishes and defects.

Y The adhesion to rings of the kind referred vto is also very great, and the ring Inust'bc reheated to a.A high temperature, which occasions serious delay. Itisnecessary also heating to melt out and clean this impaired adhering glass.

My segregating element is cold, or comparatively so, remains clean, and has many otherl advantages; in fact I regard it as markmg a new step or departure in the art of drawing glass.

Many ways 0f drawing glass are possible. I may draw from a deep, semi-deep,`or shal. low body of glass. I may or I may not reheat the place or point from which I Adraw to reduce residue glass. I may also use in conjunction with my said segregating ring, a secondary rlng of'refractory material.

My invention contemplates various other features which may be detailed below.

In the accompanying drawings:

Flgure 1 is a vertical view through the forehearth of a glass furnace, showing my segregating element in position.

Fig. 2 is a top or plan of the same or a similar forehearth.

Fig. 3 is a section on the same line as F1g. 1, showing the segregating element raised after the completion of a draw. 'l

Fig. 4: is a similar section showing said element raised further and a cover in place.

Fig. 5I is a side view in section, showing one form of my complete apparatus, taken on line A-A of Fig. 6, showing the drawing chambers partly outside and partly within the body of the tank furnace. Fig. 6 is a section on the line D-D in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 is a view of a detail.

Fig. 6 is a top view on line C-C in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view on line B-B in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. y

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective View of one ofthe bricks which I may employ in my regenerative furnace. A

. Fig. 9 is a section on the line a-a in Fig.

Figs. 10 to 13 are sectional views illustrating ways in which my segregating elo ment may be employed.

Fig. 14 is a. top or plan view of a modiy fication of the upper part of the apparatus views showing modifications in lstructure and use of my segregating element or cooled metal shield supporting member, the slabs supported by said element and the submerged plate or refractory element.

-The broad features of my device are 1 lshown in Figs. 1 to 4.

'.-In Fig. 1, 1 is a glass melting tank o f a common'type with a forehearth or drawing chamber 2. The top of said chamber, as in Fig. 5, may, with a portion of the tank wall,

- recede -within the tank furnace body and v form an alcove above the glass, 1t 1s suitably this fact, any Hoating element or aftermath from a preceding operation may readily be moved or floated from the drawing kiln to within the 'tank furnace Where it is rapidly reheated and purified by subjection to the deep heated atmosphere and thev large mass of molten glass' therein.

The numeral 5 indicates a ring of metal, preferably iron or steel, with its lower end 10 smoothly polished and having a rounded tapering downward edge; it is hollow and fluid cooled, and is adapted, by meansg of suitable supports, such as its cooling Huid feeding pipes 11 and 12, to be moved into or from the glass. Other supporting means may be used.

The ring may be lowered so that the lower portion 10 becomes immersed to a suitable depth in the body of molten Aglass 9. Cooling fluid, such as water, is caused by means' of feeding pipes 11 and 12 to circulate through it to maintain the same at a tem-v perature 'low enough to avoid -adhesion'of the glass in contact therewith as indicated at 13 in Fig. 1. The portion of glass in contact with the ring and that adjacent thereto, is cooled in proportion to tlie'temperature and character of the cooling"- medium forced through the ring, thu'sgform- 'ing a non-adhesive shell of glass which I have indicated by numeral` 14, in Fig. 3, and which segregates the portion or area-15 from which the glass article 16 is being drawn by means of a drawing or blowing apparatus.

I am therefore able to draw glass rapidly and properly within this cooled shell of glass; and, what is of great importance, I may, without interfering with my drawing temperature, maintain the outer area sur,

rounding the ring as at 14', at a high tenperature..

In Fig. 2, a top plan view'of Fig. 1, I show the preferred sectional protecting slab or roof 3. I may use burners 21 and 22, but preferably I use burners 17 and 18, so that the end of the flame orv heat generated may travel with ,the current of the glass and toward the front wall of the kiln.

In Fig. 3, a fractional view of Fig. 1, I show the non-adhesive and vertically movable metallic glass segregating ring 5, elevated, the .cylinder 16 separated from the glass bath by heat or otherwise, and, because of the shape of and smoothness of the lower portion of the ring 5, and because of the temperature thereof and the fact that it is free from adhesion, no glass from the bath is lifted with the walls of the ringl and the part 14 separated from said ring is not considerable. This portion 14 remains floating on the surface, whence it may be removed together with residue glass Atoward the front or out of the tank or forehearth in the direction of the arrow, leaving a clean surface for a succeeding operation of'drawing. However, as shown in Fig. 4, I prefer toyshove this portion 14 within the melting zone of the tank, as shown at 23, where it is remelted. This removal is effected by means of a lskimminr tool 24, by unskilled labor. Thus at once obtain aclear space beneath the ring free from dripping glass from said ring which allows of the immediate skimming or meltinor of the refuse glass at the surface and without delay I provide a clean surface 'at 25 to repeat the drawing :operation. i

If desired, however, the element 5 may be further elevated and a lid 26vplaced over the drawing opening 7 as shown in Fig. 4.

It is evident from the foregoing that the operation of drawingmay be practically continuous, and generally the ytop of the deep or shallow body of glass, as may be the case, need not be reheated between operations, but

simply a portion of thetop surface at leastv as large as the area affected by the segregating ring is #cleared of impurities or incompletely melted glassby means of the skimmer tool referred to.

Of course this invention may be used lwith any form of tank or forehearth containing glass.,

In Figs. 5 to 9 I show further modifications of structure and modes of operation, the tank furnace 1, the space 28 underarch or base of wall 8 in the rear of the drawing kiln, which kiln or drawing chamber as clearly shown to a degree projects outwardly from the main furnace wall and also, in

said tank furnace so that the glass body 1n the dra-wing chamber is maintained in high melted condition and pure. This is suitable degree, recedes within the'body of f 1,ase,ose'

also due because of the free space provided',l

under the recessed arch or wall 8, and because of the fact that the forehearth is constructed with walls free of obstruction or projection-on the interior, the surface of the glass 9 being as in Fig. 1u free from any obstruction, floating elements may be moved from one compartment to another and because of the fact that the space in the rear of the kiln is at least as large as the front part therein, it will be noted that the cover or roof 3 with they opening 7 conforms in construction with the drawing chambers and also extends in somewhat outside the tank furnace and transversely recedes within the tank furnace, opening therein preferably receding not beyond'the breadth line c of the furnace wall body.

31 is a floater or gate which may be used. It iskvertically operated and maintained in suitable position byrods 32 ofiire resisting material. These rods are inserted in openings 33 provided at each end of the floater. I provide rods 35, provided with sockets 34 and turn buckle 36 which engage the rods' 32, and bent levers 39, 4() and connecting rods 41, 42 provided with counterweight 43, serve to operate the floater. I provide this mechanism in vany numb'er, preferably two in this case, for independent raising or depressing either end of the floater.

It is clear that by lowering or raising any of the rods 42- the floater 31 may be lowered or raised accordinglyto desired position, and may be submerged in the body of glass. 'This is advantageous in controlling thecharacter ofthe glass as to fluidity as 1t passes to the drawing point, and in freeing the surface of the glass from imurities. The` floater may be held in any esired adjustment by means of a pin in any of the holes 43 in rod 42.

44 is a ring or an open bottomed pot made of refractory material. I provide rods 46 of refractory material, and these are adapted to engage openings 46 in eXtensions 45 from the'rim or edge of said pot so as to hold the ring or pot 44 submerged in a suitable position, and at a suitable depth below the drawing opening. The

ring or pot 44 may, of course, be provided with a greater number of extensions 45 than the two shown, and such additional extensions made to project from said ring or pot at various points therearound in order to secure the desired vertical adjustment` or cant; and with each such extension should coperate an additional rod 46. Rods 46 are held by rods and sockets 47, which in turn are held in position by means of bolts 48 in beams 48. However, I may use in connection with each rod a mechanism such as that which'o eratesthe ioater 31, in order that the centra ly opened bottom pot or ring may be quickly brought to the desired plane position, vertically or maintained in position in relation to the surface of the mass of glass. In connection to this I prefer to use my device shown in Fi 26, as a shield lowered near the surface o the glass body as per description Fig. 21, or adjacent with the up er surface of the ring or' pot.

In ig. 6 I show my submerged pot 44 maintained with its flange 45 near the surface of thel glass bath 9 by means of rods 46 engaging openings 46 1n the flange 45. These rods may be two or more in number and ar e connected to independent mechanisms or means such as that which I 'use to 'cperate floater 33, as shown in Fig. 5.

herefore the pot may be raised or de- A.':pressed` at different points to cause it to assume positions suitable for drawing. As before described, 3 is, the roof having a drawing openin 7. A refractory shield, made up in sectlons 52, rests upon the hollow water-cooled metal sup ort 5, which is provided with inlet and out et-pipes 11 and 12 connected to a water su pl and to raising and lowering means. n t is case, as in Fig..21, I showthe support 5 and shield lowered through opening 7 near the surface, but not in contact with the glass bath. This is suflicientto shut oii excess furnace heat from the drawing area, where I show the cylinder 16 in the process of being drawny by means of drawing. tool 16. After drawing, the shield and its water-cooled support beneath are raised preferably above the furnace to expose the drawing area to the furnace heat. The bath surface is then skimmed or cleaned from refuse glass/and the drawing operation is repeated. This cleaning, it will be seen, is rapid and eilicient, due to the fact that the surface of the "bath remains unobstructed 'by the projecting clay member which not only has agreat tendency to destroy the quality of the glass. but further prevents the eilicient and rapid cleaning which, in my present method and apparatus I so readily obtained.

Around the walls, or preferably in the front part ofthe forehearth 2, I provide a regenerative system arranged to reheat the gas and the air by which is burnt the gas, which I use as fuel. The products of combustion pass down through channels 49 to the flue 51. These channels, which are built with refractory brick are highly heated and thereby serve to preheat the air and gas, as shown in Fig. 7 ,entering through channels 56 and'57, arrows pointing the course of the agents of combustion which are burned in the space above the glass, and ofthe consumedgas to the flue 51, whence it goes to the stack.

AGras may be forced through channel 56 and air through channel 57, and'both may be mixed at any pointdesired. `Both of rections.

thesev channels may be used for the air, however, and gas introduced at 54. yI do not here claim a regenerative system, but I do here claim its adoption in connection with a forehearth or tank for drawing glass; and Y f -tically-prevented -by the use of refractory the advantage of this will be 'apparent to any one skilled in this art. It is also of special valuewhere artificial gas'isused, as it could not very well be used with a common burner. The use of a regenerative system with a drawing forehearth is of great value, as it enables me to get a purer andl hotter fire.

Referring again to Fig. 5, the rlng 5 1s shown supporting a grooved ring l52 of refractory material, which, as shown in Fig.'

6, may be made in sections. This ring- 5-2 is to prevent cooling by radiation as1de from the point of contact of ring 5 wlth the glass.

.Ring 5, as stated, is supported by suitable means, in this case -its own pipes^12 and 11, and these are suspended by means of cables 59 and 60, for freevertical movement by means of drum 61 and motor 62, which mo tor should ibe capable of being reversed so as to give motion to the cables'in'both di,- The ring 5, therefore, supports the grooved ring 52, thus eliminating .much breakage. `As shown in Fig. v6 there are six sections of this ring 52,but'=it may be in' tegral as well, and shouldbe supported in easy relation to the segregating ring 5.

The submerged ring 44 below may for'.L an anchorage for the glass flowing therein through opening 53. f After. drawing ring 5 is elevated, as explained, 'the cylinder separated, thelloater 31 then submerged and the refuse glass floated within the tank for remelting, the floater may again be elevated and ring 5 lowered for a succeeding opera-y tion. However, door 58 may belopened for` cleaning and, with the aid of skimming tools', the refuse glass ispulled over spout 72 between the regenerators and fallsl into a cellar through the well or pit 71,' where it may be removed from time to time.

In Figs. 10 to 13 I have'illustrated several ways of drawing glass articles by means of my invention, thou-gh in these figures I show the drawing of aE glass cylinder, within the broadscope ofgmy invention a glass sheet or other glass articles may be drawn byvsimilar meansimodified in form to correspond kto the-"Obiject to be drawn.

h-InS'Fig. 1.0, 3 is the top stone, 5 the ring segregating a portion of glass and cooled by means of fluid circulated through said rings byvmeans of pipes 11' and 12. As stated, 17 is a heat generating means. The arrows indicatethe escape' of a portion of the heat outside ofthe ring .around the cylinder to remove any stress imparted by the positive cooling of the cylinder at its base. i

In my lapparatus the'I drawing area is posiin Figac.

A assenza tively cooled by the segregating means, and

the cooling effect of this means is regulated block 52 upon the said segregating means as shown in Fig. 5.

Now, the element 5 may be cooled .to different degrees. It'will be clear also that it is possibleto cool-the same more at one place than another, if desired, and the interior of the `ring maybe divided into chambers for that purpose; and in fact while I here show the ring integral, it may be in sections, each Section or chamber having 'its set of pipes whereby one section or chamber may be controlled independently with respect to each other section or chamber. This is'indicated Inthe structure shown in Fig. 10, the temperature of the ring is lowered so as to cool a portion of the glass, as indicated by the shade line 74, from which a cylinder 16 Vis being -drawn.

In the showing of Fig. 11, the glass at polnt 75 has been cooled to a greater extent as compared with Fig. 10, and the cylinder lis being drawn with its base close to said point 75. To obtain this effect the ring is chllled faster, but the cylinder 16 is drawn faster.

is therefore drawn into the cylinder. The

ring, therefore, is somewhat of an outer former, and should accordingly have a smooth and polished surface. However, I

may impart or stamp or print a design to the glass as drawn; for instance, by using a ringwith vertical grooves 90, Fig. 27, may produce ribbed glass.

In carrying out the method indicated in Fig. 13, I first bring the segregating ring to a suitable positionin the bath, where it is allowed to remain for a time sufficient to form a cooled non-adherent shell of glass thereabout, after which I start to draw-the object 16 and at the same time lower the ring 5 which carries down therewith the cooled shell of glass as vappears at 77. Thus, as shown, the cylinder 16 is drawn from the glass which is fed upwardly, supplied by hydrostatic pressure, and inside this non-adhesive chilled shell of glass. Flat sheets of glass or other glass articles may be drawn in this manner Vby providing an oblong or square drawing ring. I may bring my ring to @temperature to permit glass to adhere to the same when first lowered to position 77 and then suitably lower the temperature thereof so as to chill andfix the inner adherent 'glass in the form of a cooled layer to the ring, and then further lower the ring and draw a glass article upwardly from the glass within said cooled adherent layer on the interiorof the ring. Should a refractory ring be used, air should bel used as a coolingl medium. This way` of using the glass segregating ring "is quite desirable for the drawing of sheets or plate of glass. I believe also that I am the first to provide a hollow circular water cooled element-of oblong or rectangular form and contour provided for cooling and also for raising or lowering the same, andI hereto. claim the use'of said device in its broad scope of application in glass drawing.

lOther modifications of the process and apparatus may be employed, and glass as heavy as plate glass may be rapidly drawn and be free from the blemishes often pro-V duced during the old process of drawing.

A The problem of removing these blemishes has been a vexatious problem' of long standing.

Vithin the broad scope of my invention the cooling fluid in the ring may be decreased to a point as to permit adhesion, and the temperature and nature of the adhesion regulated. The ring may be cleaned and greased before each operation when the glass is not permitted to adhere.

In case the glass is permitted to adhere, the glass is simply melted away from the ring after the draw is completed. The ring, however, during drawing is kept ata temperature suicient to prevent any of the metal melting off or mixing with the glass in the forehearth.

-In the structure of Figs. 14 and 15, 48 are the supporting beams, 61 the winding drums, and 62 the motor, as already referred to. I provide a U-shaped frame 83, which frame carries the pulleys over which the cables pass to the winding drums, and which, by means of wheels 84 and 85 provided 'with 'screws taking into brackets 86, may be moved laterally so as to adjust the position of the ring 5 in relation to the drawing tool 16 as indicated in Fig. 6. It may be op-I erated from below by connections similar to theone used to operate the floater in Fig. 5.

The above described features which provide for the lateral adjustment of the supporting means for the shield or cooling member and the vertical adjustment of said .shield or cooling member from and to a point above the surface of the molten glass are shown, described and claimed in my copending application, filed February 11,1920, Serial- Number 357,984.

In Fig. 16 I show a segregating ring enlarged in vertical dimension at 77 adapted to penetrate deeperinto the glass on onev a fiange 81 for preventing dirt falling into the molten glass. 82 designates a narrow slab under one side of the said ring.

In Fig. 19, as in Fig. 16, I show a ring enlarged in vertical dimension at one place, but in place of projecting into the glass the larger portion-83 of the ring in this case projects upwardly. 'Ring 84 is made to penetrate more deeply on one side than on the other.

In Fig. 2O I show the segregating element having a fiat bottom at 85 and lowered merely to come into contact'with the surface of the molten glass at 86. Underneath may be a ring 87, heavier or thicker on one side as at 88.

In Fig. 21 I show a member similar to that of Fig. 20, lowered near the surface of the glass 86', but not in Contact therewith. It is brought to just the point where it prevents excess transfer of heat by absorption of the ring, this member may as in Figs. 5, 22, to 25, support a refractory ring or shield device. `A. ring 87 may be used in this instance.

The lop-sided feature common to many of the various forms just discussed is designed tc afford an opportunity for effecting compensation for uneven temperatures in the glass, so as to procure at the drawing zone uniformity of temperature and hence homogeneity and unifo fruity of viscosity.

The ring at 77', extending deeper on one side than the other, cc Dls the glass in the drawing process,V on the deep side, further down, at the same time permitting on the furnace side, glass from a slightly greater 4depth to enter the ring, this glass from the greater depth approximating the temperature and viscosity of tl'i': glass from a shallow stratum on the otter side. The ring 83 also has a similar effect, when taken in connection with the refractory ring 84. which ring projects deeper on one side, and which, as pointed out above, may be substituted for pot or ring 44, and which` indicated, may, by means of. mechanism similar to that which actuates Ylioater 31, be, like said iioater, adjusted to any desired position in or above the glass. The deeper vertical part to the right or tank side, helps to insure the inflow of slightly cooler and thicker lower layers of glass, qas well as providing a shield slightly more effective on the tank side, .than on the other.

The rings 5 and other refractory rings are, as indicated, interchangeable in their relations throughout.

The outer horizontal top flange shown in connection with ring 84', assists in keeping the ring floating level, and practically counteracts the cant which the ring would otherwise have a tendencyto assume, if floating with the flanges partly above the surface of the glass, owing to the greater buoyancy of the deeper side. The flange thus keeps the upper edge of the ring practically parallel with the surface of the glass. This flange also, when floating partly above the glass, affords means for holding the ring in proper position, and also protects the glass surface outside'the drawing zone, from fallin im urities. y

du 4ig. -22 I show the top of the metal ring supporting a refractory heat retaining ring shield of suitable height.

These features described above relating to the uneven shaping or dimensions in vertical cross sectional area of the shield, cooling member or segregating member are shown, described and claimed in my application filed February 11, 1920, Serial Number 357983.

In Fig. 23 I protected, e

In Fig. 24 I show the top and both sides protected by a refractory top which extends some distance outward.

In Fi 25 I show the outside and the top of t e ring protected by a refractory slab extending outwardly.

In Fig. 26 I show a half portion of a circularly arranged device composed of independent hollow curved metal sections or members 5 or 5'.. I provide these hollow members in any number, preferably 3 to 4, and they maybe of any desired form or contour so that when assembled, as shown they form a device of circular, oblong or other desired contour and corresponding to the opening 7, or to the form of the article to be drawn. Each of the inde )endent hollow metal members is provided pendent fluid cooling means, let and. outlet water cooling pipes 11 described in Fig. 5; thus the members are cooled independently. The members are also conjointly or independently provided with raising and lowering means such as parts 59, 36, 61, 62 together with other means shown and described in Fig. 5, each hollow metal water cooled member is therefore independently adjustable and because of this, and of the fact that they are independently cooled as the case may require, a great number of important advanshow the top and one side preferably intages 4are obtained which could not be se-y cured with a ring of integral form, due to with indethe fact, as stated, that, the sections forming the ring or device may be caused to assume different relative positions to meet the chan g conditions always in the process of diawing glass mechanically. This device can, with great advantage, be used as a shield but with advantage as a shield supporterv and each member may be provided with a corresponding section of heat retaining refractory shield of fitting form and suitably -supported by said member in a way shown in Figs. 5, 22, to 25, of course other arrangements are possible.

In Fig. 27 I show a ring with vertical corrugations 90, for'the production of ribbed glass.

.The foregoing shows the', various ways in which my cool drawing ring or segregating element'may be modified. Thus I am enabled to cool one part more than others by making my ring in sections and by introducing more of the cooling agent into one section than into others; or I may make my ring so as to hold more of the cooling agent in one portion of a single channel, as in Figs. 16, 17, 19, than in others, and I may modify the shape of the supported slab to the same end. I may further cool or modify the character of the glass at ldifferent portions of the generating cylinder to obtain uniformity of walls. I may produce like effects by changing the shape and position of the submerged plate.

I desire my invention to cover all modifications within the scope of the same, whether said modifications have been described or not. v

What I claim as new by Letters Patent is: c

1. In glass drawing apparatus, a hollow metal. segregating device having sloping polished walls, and means for circulating cooling water through said hollow meta? segregating deviceJ to maintain the same aiv a temperature low enough to avoid adhesioey of the glass in contact therewith.

2. In combination with glass drawing apparatus, means adapted to take position in a glass bath and surrounda portion of said bath, said meansadapted not to adhere to and desire to secure the glass and constructed with walls of such pipes such as contour and surface that the same may be withdrawn from the bath after drawing without retention of glass, and a device for vraisingand lowering said means to and from the glass bath.

3. In combination. a hollow metal member adapted to take position in a gla'ss bath and surround a portion of said bath, said mem-v' ber constructed with walls of such contour Aand surface that the same may be withdrawn from the bath after drawing without retention of glass, means for circulating water through said hollow metal member to maintain the same at a tdi iperature to pre- 1ing polished walls shaped to shed the glass as it is in the act of being withdrawn from a glass bath, means for circulating cooling water through said hollow segregati'ng device at a temperature low enough to prevent adherence of the glass to said polishedglass-shedding walls, and mechanism supporting said device for raising and lowering the same to or from the glass bath.

5. In glass drawing apparatus, the com' bination of a drawing chamber containing molten glass and having a space above the glass for the circulation of heat, a metal ring adapted to segregate a portion of the molten glass without adherence thereto and projecting up through said space to protect the drawn object from the circulating heat.

6. In glass drawing apparatus, a hollow metal segregating device, means for circulating cooling water through said device whereby to maintain said device at a temperature to prevent its adherence to molten glass, a refractory shield supported upon said device, and means for supporting and for raising and lowering said member and shield with respect to a glass bath.

7. In glass drawing apparatus, a glasssegregating member comprising a hollow metal annular member adapted to be withdrawn from a glass bath between drawing, the walls of said member being constructed with a contour and surface so as to avoid retention of glass when it is withdrawn from the bath, means for circulating cooling water through said member to maintain the same at a temperature to prevent `said walls from adhering to the glass of the bath, and means supporting said member for raising and lowering said member to and from the glass 8. In glass'drawing apparatus, the combination of a' tank furnace containing a molten glassbath and having a drawing opening spaced above the glass, a hollow metal glass-segregating annular member having smooth walls to prevent marring the glass and also to assist in preventing said walls from adhering to the glass of the bath, means for circulating cooling water through said member to maintain the walls of the same at a temperature low enough to insure avoidance of adhesion between said walls and the glass of the bath, the walls of the member being constructed to taper downwardly so that they will not retain any glass when the member is withdrawn from the bath after drawing, means supporting the member for raising and lowering said meinber through said openin into and from the glass bath, and means or drawing a glass object from the glass within said member when lowered into segregating position and upwardly through said member, the object being shielded from the furnace `heat by said member which extends upwardly to 'said drawing opening of the tank furnace.

9. In an apparatus for drawing glass articles, a drawing tank furnace containing a bath of molten glass, said tank having a drawing opening, a hollow metal member adapted to be immersedin the bath and to surround a top portion thereof, means for circulating water through the walls of said member to maintain said walls cooled below the point at which they will adhere to molten glass, a refractory shield supported upon said member and extending upwardly to the drawing opening when thepmember is lowered to segregating position, means for drawing a glass object from the segregated portion of glass, the glass object being protected from both the cooling influence of lsaid member and from the furnace heat by said refractory shield, and means supporting said member for raising and lowering said member together with the shield through sind1 opening to and from the molten glass 10. In a glass drawing apparatus, in combination, a chilling segregating device, a grooved heat retaining device fitted over said segregating device, and pipes for circulating a chilling means attached to said segregating device and supporting it.

11. In glass drawing apparatus, a refractory shield, and water-cooled glass segregating ring means directly supporting said shield.

12. In glass drawing apparatus, a refractory shield, and cooled glass segregating ring means receiving the weight of said shield and supporting said shield from beneath.

13. In glass drawing apparatus, a hollow metal glass segregating member, means for circulating cooling fluid through said mem? ber, and a shield supported on said member and adapted to protect the drawn object from the cooling action of said hollow member.

14. In glass drawing apparatus, a refractory ring shield a hollow metal glass segregating ring supporting said shield and adapted to receive a circulation of cooling water therethrough and means directly attached to said metal ring for raising'and lowering said ring and supported shield.

15. In glass drawing apparatus a refractory ring shield a hollow metal glass segregating ring placed beneath and forming a contmuous support for said shield to pre-k vent sagging, said hollow metal ring adapted to receive cooling water whereb to protect itself and the shield from in]ury caused by excessive heat, and means attached said .support together with said shield Y ing tool, a drawing'chamber in free'communication with a tank furnace and adapted to be supplied with glass from said furnace, said chamber having a drawingb opening for drawing a glass cylinder spaced above the glass, a ring shield member of a dimension less than said drawing opening, and cooled means for supporting the shield and for raising and lowering said shield through lsaid opening with respect to the glass in said chamben 18. In a glass drawing apparatus, a refractory body adapted to-be submerged beneath the surface of the glass, and means whereby it may be shifted 'in the bath of glass to vary its depth beneath the surface of the glass so as to control the fluidity of the glass vfor the drawing operation.

19. In glass drawing apparatus, a refractory body adapted to be submerged beneath the drawing surface in a glass bath, .said refractory body being flat and having a centrally depressed portion formed with a spherical wall, said refractory body also having a central opening at the base of the 4spherical wall to admit glass, extensions on `said refractory body, and means for engag- ,ing said extensions to maintain the refracltory body submerged beneath the drawing ,area and to change the vertical position of parts 'of said refractory body withres'pect to other arts thereof.

20. n glass drawing apparatus, the combination of a tank furnace containing molten glass, a forehearth havl g an opening conecting same with said furnace, a refractory ody immersed in the glass 1n the opening between said furnace and forehearth, and

means for depressing said refractory body below the surface of the glass and keeping it there.

2-1. In glass drawing apparatus, a tank furnace containing molten lass, a drawing chamber communicatin Vwith the furnace, a floater between said urnace and drawing chamber, and means for adjusting the vertical position of said ioater in the glass to regulate the temperature o f the glass as it passes from the furnace to the drawing chamber. Y

22. In drawing apparatus, a hollow metal segregating device, means for circulating partly immersed, an

' position cooling water through said hollow segregating device to maintain the same at a temperature that will prevent its adherence to glass, a refractory body adapted to be submerged in the glass bath beneath the drawing area, said refractory body having an opening therein throu h which the glass may pass, and means for shifting said refractory body in the bath to change its position with respect to the drawing point, so as to control the character of the glass as to fluidity.

23.l In glass drawing apparatus, a glass segregating means adapted not to adhere to the glass, a refractory body adapted to be submerged beneath the surface of a glass bath and adapted to be shifted in the bath to Vary its position with respect tothe drawing point, so as to control the character of the glass as 'to fluidity, and means for lowering 8 said segregating means to segregating posiv held immersed below the said segregating device.-

25. In a glass drawing apparatus, in com- 9 bination, a hollow chilling ring, means for causing circulation of a chilling medium through said ring, means for holding it open bottomed pot, and means for holding said pot submerged below 1 said chilling ring.

26. In glass drawing apparatus, the combination of a glass tank furnace, a drawing chamber communicating with said furnace, glass segregating means adapted not to ad- 1 here to the glass and arranged to be immersed in the glass in said drawing chamber, a refractory body immersed in the glass between 'said drawing chamber and furnace, rand means forladjusting said refractory 1 body 'vertically in the glass.

27. In a glass drawing apparatus, in combination, a chilling ring, means for drawing glass from within said ring, a forehearth into which the said ring may be lowered, a fioater arranged between the forehearth and the furnace, means whereby the floater may be depressed below the surface of the molten glass, and an opening in said forehearth wherethrough the detached end of a draw 1 may be shoved from the forehearth over the floater into the main tank.

28. In glass drawing apparatus, the combination of a furnace, a drawing chamber `communicating with said furnace, a refractory body adapted to be submerged in the glass in said drawing chamber, said refractory body having an vopening through which the glass may pass, means for shiftin the of sald refractory body and for 1 holding it in shifted osition, afloater disposed between said urnace and drawing chamber, and means for moving said floater vertically in the glass.

29. In glass drawing apparatus, a glass tank furnace, a drawing chamber communicatingwith-said furnace, a hollow metal segregating device, means for circulating" water through said device to render same nonadherent to glass, means for lowering said device into the glass bath in said drawing refractory tion or contact with said shield when said l'tank furnace, a drawin l chamber and for withdrawing said device fron; the chamber, a refractory body adapted to be submerged inthe glass bath in said ,chamber and having an opening through floater disposed whichthe glass may pass, a

-between said furnace and drawing chamber,

and means for shifting said floater vertically in the lass and for holding it.

30. n apparatus for drawing glass cylinders from'a mass ofmolten glass comprising a tank for containing Ithe molten glass and having an openin spaced above the molten glass through w ich the glass cylinder may be drawn, a refractory segregating member in the tank beneath the drawing opening, a ring shield, means for supporting said ring shield whereby it may be lowered through said opening to a position for drawing and whereby said shield may be raised between drawing operations, and independent adjustable means for holding the refractory member in predetermined positions for controlling the iiuidity of the glass, said memberbeing free from connecshield is in position for drawing.

31. In glass drawing apparatus, a glass chamber in free sai tank, a fixed roof lcommunication with to said chamber having an opening spaced above the glass in said chamber, a refractory ring shield, a hollow metal member supporting said ring shield from beneath, means for circulating cooling` water through said for supporting and for raisin@r and lowering said member to- I gether with said refractory ring shield supported thereon through the roof opening of said chamber, a refractory pot or ring subglass in the chamber, means for'.causing vertical movement of said'pot or ring and also for holdingsaid pot or ring in desired submerged position relative to the surface of the glass, means for drawing a glass article from the glass above said subinerged pot or ring and upwardly through said member and ring shield when the latter are lowered into position for drawings.

32. In combination with glass drawing apparatus, a refractory ring shield having a groove in its-bottom, a hollow metal water cooled support fittingsaid groove and eX- tending beneath said ring shield, means for circulating cooling fluid through said sup-' port, and ,means for raising and lowering said support together with said ring shield thereon.

33. In glass drawing apparatus in combination a hollow metal water cooled ring, a refractory ring shield adapted to lie supported upon and on the sides of said metalv rin and means for circulating water through said hollow metal ring, said water circulating means adapted to lraise and-lower said metal ring with said shield thereon. l

34. In glass drawing apparatus in combination a hollow metal water cooled glasssegregatingdevice, a refractory shield supported by said device and means for circulating a cooling fluid into and through said se regating device, said circulating means being adapted to raise and lower said device.

35. The method of drawing glass articles which consists in circumscribing a definite area of the upper part of molten glass with a cooling agent, applied so as to absorb heat from the border of the area so circumscribed whereby the glass in said border and that inclosed thereby is made to become viscous, effectingJ substantial equality of viscosity within said circumscribed area by withdrawing more or'less heat from the viscosity of anydportion less or more viscous than is desire by varying locally the effect of the cooling agent and drawing articles from the area socircumscribed.

36. The method of drawing glass articles which consists in segregating a portion of` molten glass without adhesion thereof to the segregating means, chilling the boundary ortion of said segregated portion, drawing an article from said segregated portion, removing said segregating means from the glass, freeing the body of glass from chilled glass, and repeating.

37. Themethod of drawing glass articleswhich consists in segregating a portion of molten glass without adhesion thereof to the segregating means, chilling the boundary ortion of said; segregated portion, drawing an article from said segregated portion, removing said segregating means vfrom the glass, reheating the surface of said glass, freeing said reheated surface portion from the remnants of the previously drawn article, and repeating the operation.

88. In the manufacture of glass, the steps which consist in segregating a portion within hollow metal lmember in contact therewith,

-surrounding a portion of the bath with a p circulating cooling fluidy through the member so as to obtafln a temperature of the member low enough to prevent its adherence to the glass and to cool the glass in contact therewith, and drawing an object from the surrounded portion of glass within said member.

40. The method of drawing glass articles from a bath of molten ating device, which consists in conditionmg the walls of the segregating device which come in contact with the molten glass to prevent adherence between such walls and the contacting molten glass, cooling the margin of the portion of the glass bath segregated by the device, and drawing an article from within the cooled margin.

41. The method of drawing glass articles by means of a glass segregating device which consists in maintaining said device at a temperature to avoid adhesion of the. glass, lowering said device to a predetermined position to .segregate a part of the surface portion of molten glass, retaining said segregating device at such position for a predetermined time necessary to cool the margin of said 'segregated surface portion, thereafter further lowerlng said device to bring the inner cooled margin of glass below the level of the mass of glass outside the device, and drawing an article from the glass supplied -by hydrostatic pressure within said cooled mar-- gin of lass.

42. 'lghe method of drawing glass with a hollow metal segregating device, which consists in circulating cooling water through said hollow metal segregating device to maintain the same at a Vtemperature low enough to avoid adhesion of the glass in contact therewith, segregating a portion of a mass of molten glass by immersing said device, and drawing an object from the segregatedi portion.

43. The method of drawing glasswhich consists in polishing the glass-engaging walls ofy a hollow metal segregating device, circulating cooling waterl through the walls of said vhollow segregating device at a temperature low enough to cool the segregating device whereby to prevent its polished walls from adhering to molten glass, segregating a portion of a mass of molten glass by immersing said device,'and drawing an object fromthe portion ofthe glass withinsaid segregating device.r l 1 44. In the. manufacture ofglass objects, the steps which consist in segregating a top portion of a molten glass bath with asegregating member to which' the glass of the bath will not adhere, drawing to form an object from the segregated portion of glass, withdrawing the member from the bath after drawing without lifting therewith any glass from the bath, restoring the surface of glass with a segre-v `shell together with the residual the bath to drawing conditions, and repeat- 1n i5. In the manufacture of glass objects, the steps which consist in surrounding a top portion of a molten glass bath in a tank furnace with a segregating member to which the glass of the bath will not adhere, drawportion of glass, withdrawing the member from the glass and furnace after drawing without lifting therewith any glass from the bath, reheating the drawing area to restore the glass to drawingcondition, and repeating the operation.

46. In the manufacture of glassvobjects, the steps which consist in surrounding a top portion of a molten glass bath with a metal ring at a temperature sufficiently low to prev vent its adherence to the glass of the bath which comes in contact therewith, cooling the boundary portion of the segregated portion of glass, drawing to form an object ing to' form an object from they so segregated from the so segregated portion of glass,

withdrawing the member from the bath after drawing without lifting therewith any glass from the bath, oating the residual cool glass resulting from the operation to a melting point away from the drawing area to `restore said area to a. drawing condition, and repeating the operation.

47. The method of drawing glass articles with a hollow metal glass segregating device having its depending walls constructed rto avoid supportingrany glass,

circulating cooling iuid through said device to maintain the same at a temperature low enough to prevent its vadherence to hot glass,'im mersing the device at such temperatureto segregate a portion of a glass bath, causing the glass of the bath in contact withthe surface of the device to form a cooled shell of glass glass object from the segregated glass within non-adherent therewith, drawing a said shell, withdrawing. the device from the A bath afterV drawingY without liftingA the cooled shell from the bath, removing the glass from the draw away from the drawing area to.'V

restore said area to drawing repeating the operation.

48. Theherein described method of drawingv glass objects from a bath of molten glass in a tank furnace witha metal Segregating device, which consists in maintaining conditions, and

'.- the device during the operation at a tempel'-l ature suiiciently lowto cool the glass andv prevent its adherence to the glass, lmmersing the devlce whlle being at such tempera-v ;ture in the bath to segregate for drawing a .constantly replenished portion thereof surroundedby-said device whereby the glass is cooled to `drawing temperature but non-adt herent to saldl segregating device, maintain- 1ng the glass within the furnace 'at high temperature, and drawing an object from said segregated portion of glass while protecting the object drawn from the high temperature within the furnace during drawing.l

49. The method of drawing ,glass objects with a hollow metal smooth-walled glass segregating and forming device, which consists in circulating a cooling agent through the device to lower the temperature of said device sufficiently to prevent its smooth walls from adhering tomolten glass, segregating and forming a relatively cool portion of glass from a mass of molten glass by means of said device, and drawing a glass object from said portion of glass as'it is being fed by hydrostatic pressure ,from the mass of glass within the surrounding smooth metal walls of said segregating or forming device.

50. The method of drawing glass articles from a glass'bath contained .in a tank furnace, which consists in conditioning a segregating device tov prevent adheslon vbetween said device and the glass of the bath, Segre? gating with said device so conditioned a portion of the glass bath without adhesion of the glass to the device, drawing an article from said segregated portion, shielding the drawn article from the. direct furnace' heat, withdrawing rawing without lifting from the bath any of the glass therewith, restoring the bath to a condition suitable for drawin and repeatin l 51. he method of rawing glass objects from a bath ofmolten glass which consists in maintaining a glass segregating element at a temperature to prevent adhesion of hot glass the eto, immersing said element under such temperature so as to segregate a nonadherent portion of glass from the bath and then drawing the object from the glass so segregated.

.52. The process of drawing glassarticles which consists in so conditloning a glass segregatingelement that it will not adhere to hot glass, immersing said element while maintained in such condition into a bath of molten glass to segregate a portion of glass non-adherent to the said element during the segregating act, and drawin the glass article from the so segregate portion of glass.. v f

53. In'glass drawing apparatus, a hollow metal member, having a series of chambers adapted to surround a drawn glass object, each chamber of the series having inlet and outlet pipes orindependent circulation of cooling fluid. through the chambers for the purpose of cooling or modifying the character of the forming walls of the drawn glass object'at any desired points.

54. A method of drawing glass articles which consists in lowering a shielding device into drawing position, maintaining a the segregating device froml the glass bath after refractory segregating float submerged .in the molten glass and free from contact wlth said shielding device, drawing the article upwardly. from the segregated glass through the shielding device, raising the shielding device, cleaning the'surface of the glass and repeating. Y

55. The method of drawing glass articles from larve bath of molten glass contained in a tank fcurnace, which consists in producing a shallow pool of relatively low tem'f` perature in said bath without separating said pool from the surrounding body of the bath while maintaining said pool in communication with'the mass of glass beneath,

by submerging in said bath a bottom-apertured pot beneath the surface of the drawing area, exposing said area to the atmosphere, shielding said' area from the furnace heat, drawing and then reheating the drawing area by exposure to the meltingheat ofthe furnace and freeing the surface thereof from residue glass to restore said area to drawing condition for a succeeding drawin l 56. Ie process of drawing glass objects, which consists in 'lowering a shield through a drawing opening into a drawing chamber in position to protect the drawn object from the furnace heat, drawing an ob'ect from the glass bath, withdrawing the shield from the chamber after the drawing opera- Y 'ders which consists in lowering a hollow fluid cooled member through the drawing opening into the drawing chamber and into position adjacent the base of the cylinder` to be drawn, drawing the cylinder from the glass bath,` withdrawing saidcooling member from the drawing chamber after the drawing operation and while said cooling member is exposed to the atmosphere outside the chamber, placing a cover over the drawing opening to confine the furnace heat and exlude cooling air, whereby to reheat and restore the glass bath to drawing condition, then removing said lid and lowering said cooling member for the next drawing operation.

58. The method of drawing glass articles which consists in segregating a portion of glass from the top part of a bath of molten glass by means of a segregating element, the temperature of said element being reduced to afect the viscosity of the glass in suitable degree or place peripherally, and

drawing an article of glass from the so seg- A said element in any degree or place to affect the Viscosity of' tl1e segregated portion of glass, and drawlng from the so regulated segregated portion of glass.

60. The method of drawing'glztss objects which consists in immersng a hollow refractory glass segregating element into a bath of molten glass to segregate a portion of glass from the top part thereof, applying cooling luidin suitable degree and at suitable places to said element toy affect .the viscosity of the segregated portion of glass at such places and drawing so as t0 obtain a glass object of desired form from the so segregated portion of glass.

In testimony whereof, I aix my signature.

ARTHUR E. SPINASSE.

Images