US1335180A - Pavement - Google Patents

Description

5.1. IIIIOII'IIISON.

PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 15,1916.

Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

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PAVEMENT.

speeicauon of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

Application led January 15, 1916. Serial No. 72,212.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN J. MORRISON, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of N ew York, have invented an Improvement in Pavements, 0f which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in pavements and more particularly to nnprovements in block pavements formed of malleable blocks such as are commonly made from crushed stone and asphaltic cement or the like.

Such malleable paving blocks are ordinarily relatively small, rarely exceeding five inches in width, and in any case are of a size which can be readily handled and laid as units of a sectional pavement.

Pavements of this class necessarily present large numbers of joints between the blocks, and it is impossible to avoid some space between adjacent rows of blocks. vBecause of these joints and the malleable nature of the block composition there commonly develops a tendency of each block being relatively small to move in the direction of traine, thus dislodging the 4pavement from its proper position on the road foundation. If each block could only move the smallV fraction of an inch which separates it from its neighbor no harm would result but in practice the creepingv is cumulative so that substantial and deleterious creeping' may take place;

It is the purpose of this invention to overcome'y or mitigate this deleterious creeping and I preferablyl perform this by providing a block having anchor means partially embedded therein and partially projecting from the bottom of the block to engage the bed on which the block is laid. I have found in practice that for ordinary traffic sufficient anchorage.l is provided by distributing the anchor blocks among the other or smooth bottomed blocks, either individually or in suitable groups. The percentage of anchor blocks may of course be varied to suit varying conditions of traffic, grade, and the like, each such block, when laid, tending to avoid deleterious action arising from creepingof individual blocks or groups of blocks.

The invention is -capable of various embodiments of which one has been selected for purposes of illustration and explanation, and to which reference will be hereinafter made.V This particularV embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein-v- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a paving block illustrating one embodiment of the invention Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the block shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross section of a portion of a roadway showing the paving block of Fig. 1 laid upon the road foundation; and

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of a roadway showing possible arrangements of anchor blocks with the usual paving blocks. Referring to the drawings, a paving block l, shown as of the compressed asphalt type, is provided with a suitable bed anchoring means, herein shown as a metal strip 2 embedded in the material of the block and extending downwardly from the under side 3 of the block to be adapted to be impressed into and engaged by the foundation of a roadway. Means may be provided to insure a more positive engagement of the anchor member in the block by providing for a positive gripping of the anchor member by the materialof the block. In this instance, the said means are herein shown as a series of holes 5 and 5 in the metal strip which, when the strip is forced into the block when it is in a semi-plastic condition, will be filled bv the material of the block and thus positively lock the anchor therein.

In order to provide a maximum resistance to .forces tending to move the block upon the road foundation, this anchor member may be of approximately oblong shape asherein shown. Transverse bracing means may be provided for the anchor to obviate any tendency of the anchor when under strain to vturn over or pull out of the block or out of the road foundation and. bv transverselv bracim; the block and distributing the weight of the load sustained bv the block uniformly over a considerable area of the anchor member, the possibility of splitting the block may be minimized; In the present instance, this may be accomplished bv the generally oblong shape of the anchor means whose looped ends provide for the transverse bracing and the distribution of weight. Fur-` thermore, it is believed-'that an embodiment of the invention approximating in structure the particular anchoring means herein shown may be preferable, due to the fact that it is concealed from sight when-'the block may be placed in a pavement is laid and that its use does'not break the continuity of the road surface.

To provide for a possible unequal relative expansion and contraction of the metal of this particular anchoringl member and the block, under the action of the varying temperatures to which the anchor bloclr is subjected in manufacture and use, means herein shown as an opening t in one end of the looped anchor member may be provided.

To provide a protective coating for the metal member and to provide a means which will form an adhesive to cause the anchor member to adhere more firmly to the block after it has been pressed therein, the anchor member may be coated with an asphaltic or other suitable solution in the form of paint or otherwise. In the event that this coating is to act merely as a protective coatingfto prevent rust, it may be applied after the member has been attached'to the block.

lAs a convenient mode of manufacturing theV blocks of Figs. l and 2, which are herein termed anchor blocks, the usual asphalt mold, preferably before it has thoroughly cooled and hardened, and the mold may then be tightened about the block to prevent distortion thereof during the succeeding operations. The

p able means.

looped metal strip, which comprises the anchor member in this particular instance, may be placed in an appropriate slot formed in the pressure head of a suitable press and may be held therein by the resiliency of the metal causing the two sides of the anchor member to spring apart, or by other suit- When the pressure head is brought down upon the asphalt bloclgthe metal strip may be readily'forced into and set therein.Y y

The usual practice in building' a roadway which is Yto be constructed with a relatively yielding wearing surface such as compressed asphalt blocks, is to provide a foundation having a heavy base 7 which may be of any desired material such as concrete and which may have a mortar' bed 8 thereon. This mortar bed is. preferably laid after thc base 7 has been allowed to set or harden, if a concrete base is used. The paving blocks may then, if a mortar bed is used, be laid while the same is still in the plastic condition, and the anchor blocks may be placed Vthereon in the manner shown in Fig. 3. In this instance, it will appear that the metal strip bed anchor 2 will, as the block is laid, be impressed into the surface layer 8 of the foundation and, upon the hardening of this surfacelayer, apositive connection will thus be formed between the block and the foundation and any objectionable lateral movement of the block upon the foundation will thereby be effectively prevented.

In laying the anchor blocks upon the plastic surface material of the base, it may be found desirable to provide a meansl to allow for the escape of air which might possibly be trapped within the anchor member, and also to provide for the drainage of any excess water from the mortar bed. Such means are herein provided by the opening il and the several holes formed in the sheet metal anchor member. In the event that the anchor member is of the generally oblong shape herein shown, and in the absence of such openings as are provided, air might possibly be trapped within the anchoring means if the block were not laid with great care.- If air should be so trapped Ain the space formed within the anchoring means and have no opportunity for escape, the material of mortar bed Simightbe forced down to such. an extent that an imperfect engagement of the anchoring member therewith might result. 'Moreoven this would leave thevcenter offthe block practically unsupported. With the construction herein shown, any trappedv air or any excess water is allowed to escape and the anchor block will then be firmly seated upon the base while the plastic.` material of the base will be permitted to close around the anchorinoi means and to secure the-block firmly to the base.

In order to secure aV pavement made up of a plurality of paving blocks from objectionable movement upon the road foundation and to prevent creeping thereof, it may not be necessary to provide every paving' block with the anchoring means herein described. For purposes of economy, the anchor blocls may be laid throughout the Apavement 1n rows' extending Vpartially or entirely across the roadway or they may be interspersed throughout the pavement at irregular intervals, andl it is believed that a Vdistinct advantage may Vresult therefrom in that the pavement may-thereby be made more yielding and adaptable to the varying conditions vof hard usage lwhilel the anchor blocks so used are still sufficient to prevent the Volojectionable creeping of the pavement herein noted. Possible arrangements of anchor blocks in a completed pavement are shown in Fig.v 4, wherein the anchor blocks are distinguished from the ordinary blocks by the representation in dotted lines-of the anchoring means shown Vin Fig. 1. y

In laying compressedfasphalt blocks, the practice sometimes adopted is Vto lay the blocks over a substantial area and then drive the blocks together laterally upon the road bed to tighten joints therebetween. lThis having been done, a row or rows of-ordinary blocks may be removed and anchor blocks inserted in place thereof, and these anchor blocks, when the plastic sub-surface of the road has hardened, may be sufHciently effective to hold the entire pavement in place and to prevent the ObjGCQ-eable Creepanchor blocks.

ing above noted. The frequency oflocation 1 to intersperse the anchor blocks at-rregular v Vintervals throughout the pavement at the points where the greatest tendency to creep would develop. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. i of the drawings, and it is believed that such an arrangement may be found preferablel in allowing a slight relative movement of the respective ysections of the roadway which carry the heaviest oppositely moving traic. y

As stated abovea invention is to provide an-` anti-'slipping surface for a pavement, and in the particular embodiment of the invention herein described suitable means are provided -for this purpose and are herein shown as a metal strip member set edgewise in the paving block and adapted to projectr slightly above the normal wearing surface thereof. For

similar reasons as in the case of the anchor member, this anti-slipping member may be of generally oblong shape similar to that of the anchor member herein described, and two such members 10-are shown set in the paving block of Figs. 1f and 2Q The antislipping members may blocks in the same manner as the bed anchor member, as above described.

Means may be provided to cause the antislipping members to be engaged by the material ofthe block to insure a more positive gripping of the anti-slipping ,member by the materialv of the block.v Such means are herein shown as a series of holes 11 which, when the anti-slipping member isV impressed into the block when it is in a somewhat plastic condition, will be firmly engaged by the material of the block and securely lock the anti-slipping member therein.

These anti-slipping members may find their most general use in the construction of roadways having relatively steep grades where it is desired to provide a purchase for draft animals or more positive engagement for the wheels ofmotor vehicles.4 A combination of anti-slipping means in the surface of a block and bed anchoring means upon the underside of the block may be especially adapted for use in such instances because the tendency to dislodge the blocks are herein referred to,

be pressed into the from -their proper relation to the roadway foundation may be relatively `greater 'than upon substantially level roadways.

Means may be provided in the anti-slipping member for the drainage of water and other .accumulations therefrom the Vsame being herein shown as a slot 12 formed in the end of the `looped anti-slipping member herein shown.

1n forming a completed pavement having the anti-slipping means herein described, the anti-slipping members may be set into the pavement at more or less frequent intervals `as requiredv and this may be accomplished .in the present instance by .interspersing throughout the pavement, blocks provided with anti-slipping members with ordinary smooth surfaced blocks.

If pre- Y ferred or necessary every block may be provided with said anti-slipping means, depending upon the conditions present at each instance of usey of the invention.

From the foregoing description, it will be readily lunderstood that the present invention provides a simple and eflicient means furtherl ob]ect of the,V

for overcoming thetendency'to creep which develops under heavyy traffic, more particularly upon roads having such pavements as and further that this invention provides an efective anti-slipping lmeans for ythe wearing surface of pavements.

lThis invention may vbe variously embodied or modified within thescope of the subjoined claims.

I claim as my invention: 1. As a new article of manufacture,a paving block complete for handling and. laying as a unit. theV same` comprising a malleable vvbody. with a .block-reinforcing and blockpositioning anchor embedded in one face thereof and projecting therefrom for engagement when laid with the block-supporting bed thereby to avoid deleterious cumulative creeping of individual blocks when laid. i

'2. As a new article of manufacture, a paving block complete for handling and laying asa unit, the-same comprising a malleable body with a block-positioning anchor partially embedded in one face thereof and proiecting therefrom for engagement whenv laid with the block-supporting bed thereby to avoid deleterious cumulative creeping of individual blocks when laid.

3. As a new -article 0f manufacture, a paving block complete for handling and laying as a unit` the same comprising a malleable body with a, block-positioning anchor partially embedded in one face thereof and proliecting therefrom for engagement when. laid with the block-supporting bed, said bed anchor providing extended surfaces longitudinally of the block for opposing movement thereof on its bed in the direction of the width ofthe block thereby to avoid deleterious cumulative creeping of individual blocks when laid.

4. As a new article of manufacture, a pav.

, separation of said anchor from said body.

5. A malleable paving block provided prior to laying with a bed anchor projecting from its lower surface, said bed anchor' being formedV of a single strip of metal bent to provide a discontinuous loop elongatedv lengthwise of the block thereby to avoid deleterious cumulative creeping of individual blocks when laid.

6. The method of combating the creeping of bituminous Vpaving blocks on their foundations, which comprises distributing among the blocks as laid a plurality of Y anchor blocks having anchoring means projecting from their lower surfaces intoV the upper surface of the foundation material below the blocks thereby to avoid deleterious cumulative creeping of 'individual K blocks when laid.

7. The method of combating' the creeping of bituminous paving blocks on their foundations, which Vcomprises distributing among the blocks as laid a plurality of Vanchor blocks having anchoring means partially embedded in the block and projecting from their lower surfaces into the upper surface of the foundation material below the'blocks therebyto avoidrdeleterious` cumulative creeping of individual vblocks when laid.

8. A pavement comprising a bed surfaced i with a plurality of malleable paving blocks, some of said blocks having smooth bottoms anchors formed vby metallic strips partially embedded in the blocks and partially in the bed, said blocks with bed anchors combating Y bodily movement on said bedA of any sub-l stantial areaof said pavement. .v f Y 9. A pavement comprising a'bed surfaced with a plurality of malleable paving blocks, said blocks of greater length than width, the body of said' pavement laid with the length of the 'blocks extending transversely of the pavement, the edge ofsaid lpavement* laid with the length ofthe blocks extending longitudinally of the pavement, theblocks forming the edgeof said pavement provided with Vbed anchors formed by'metallic stripsV kand others of said blocks provided .with bed partially embedded in the blocks and par-Y Y i tially in the bed, saidblocks vwithnbedan- Y chors forming a lateral abutment orriush curb to 'oppose lateraldisplacementof the Y blocks in the body of said pavement.

10. A` pavementl comprising a bed sur-V faced with'a plurality of malleable paving blocks, some of said blocks having smooth bottoms, and isolated blocks, or groups of said blocks provided with bed anchors par- Y tially embedded in the blocks and partially in the bed, said blocks with bed anchors' restraining bodily movement on said bed 0f any substantial area of said pavement. Y

In testimony whereof I have signed my V name to this specification this 4thirteenth day of January, 19176. v

i -EDWIN J. MORRISON. ,Y

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