US1329317A - Subaqueous tototel - Google Patents

Description

J. S. WILUAMS.

SUBAQUEOUS TUNNEL.

APPLlcATloN mm DEc.8.190.

mm2 m5, NE L w I. S. WILLIAMS.

SUBAQUEOUS TUNNEL.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8. 1906.

Patented Jan. 27,-'1920.

SHEETS-SHEET 2.

` J. S. WILLIAMS.

SUBAQUEOUS TUNNEL.,

APPLICATION HLED DEc.8.1906.

Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

17j-ig. 4.

J. S. WILLIAMS.

suAQuEous TUNNEL.

l APPLICATION FILED DEC-m1906- v 1,329,317. l Patented .`Ia11.27,1920.`

B SHE SHEET 5. ETS

III' lIII attoznup J. S. WILLIAMS.

SUBAQUEOUS TUNNEL.

AFPLLCATION FILED DEC.8.19Q6.

1 ,329,3 17 Patented J an. 27, 1920.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

wifi eenen J. S'. WILLIAMS.

SUBAQUEOUS TUNNEL.

APPLICATION FILED, DEc.8. 1906. f

1 Patented Jail. 27,1920\ a SHEETS-SHEET 1.

l. S. WILLIAMS.

SUBAQUEOUS TUNNEL. APPLlcATloN lFILED DEc.a.19oe.

Patented J an. 27, 1920.

SHEETS-SHEET 8- luvemroz l ltll JOSEFH S. WILLLECIS, F RIVERTN, NEWT JERSEY.

SBLQUEGUIE TUNNEL.

Application filed Ineccniher To all whomI it may/concern.'

lle it known that l, Josnrrr S. lViLLIaiirs, a. citizen ot the United btatesa residingat liiertozi. Burlington county, State ot New cy7 have invented a new and usel'ul innsacpienus Tunnel7 ot which the following is a spe ilication.

My invention consists in its broad and n'ficric scope ot a novel subaqueous tunnel in which a novel construction o tunnel sections itornied, such sections beingr established in a novel nianner on a novel construction and arrangement ot a foundation bed.

lt further consists of a novel structure of a tunnel and a novel construction of the ionndatimi bed Vwhich is reinforced in such a -manner that in case the entire 'foundation brd 'for a considerable length ot the structure should be removed. the tunnel structure will horo the requisite tensile strength to cai the inaxiniuni loads Without injury to the tunnel construction or the ivaterproot ing; thereof.

lt further consists ot rendering; waterprooi a tunnel construction.

lt further consists of a novel inanner ot uniting ille tunnel construction with tie shore terminals.

Numerous other objects oit iny invention will apiioar in the detailed description of the invention.

For the purpose of illustrating` my invention, l have shown her in einbodiinents thereolz which best illustrate the principles oi' nur invention and which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, although it is to be understood that the varia novel manner of reinforced concrete ons insti'iunentalit ot which iny inventiony con can be variously arranged and organiffted and that it not liniitedto the pre cise arrangement and crgainzation of these instruineiitalitier1 herein illustrated.

Figui-:fi l represents n longitudinal section lg. 1l.- represents an end elevation partly Specification of Letters atent. Patented Jan. 27, 1920.

Serial No. 3426,892.

in section of a portion of a tunnel section during one stage of the-construction.

5 represents a sectional plan view of a portion of the construction shown as partly completed.

l? G represents a perspective view partly 1n section of a portion of a tunnel.

Fig. l2, represents a perspective viewV part broken away ot a multiple tunnelivay construction snowing certain details not seen Fig. il.

Fig. 13 represents in sectional elevation and partly in perspective a tunnel construction as it appears when substantially completed.

Similar nninerals ot reference indicate corresponding; parts in the figures.

Referring to the drawings l. designates the longitudinal central line oit a tunnel construction equidistant from which tivo parallel lines 3 which define the exact width of the tunnel structure.. el d Vie'nates lines parallel with and exterior ot line 3 and at which pilinpgs are driven, Fie. l0) upon which alining piers 5 are established (see also Fig. 7), said piers 5. being established on section lines 6. 7 designate platforms carried by the piling inemliers and extending' across the Width of the tunnel line and upon and across which a record is established to sho7 clearly the lines on which the tunnel construction is to be established. The sections ot the tunnel may have any desired length, but terminate above one ofthe piers 5 as shown at 19in f structures when they are plc ced in position on the pier grade line 15. 17 designate side guides having inclined parts for automatically guiding the tunnel sections into alinement between lines 3-3 upon which the inner faces of the side guiding members 18 are placed and maintained.

All records of the work to be done are established on the platform of the piers 5 so that visible records are formed showing the different operations to be carried out including the grade line 15 and the grade line 17 of the channel which is to be dredged.

The foundation bed is reinforced with any desired number of piers and at the ends of each tunnel section a pier is formed which is made of wood, cement or other piles, or caissons, which are reinforced with concrete, grouting or other material, thus forming a fixed grade line, the upper face of which mav consist of any desired reinforcements embedded in concrete to the exact grade line 15 and the piers which are atthe ends of tunnel sections, I have designated as Q. The foundation bed between the piers is re inforced by pilings 90 and ballast 91 to any desired standard. Any desired number of the piers may be provided with drainage wells 21 constructed in any desired manner and in watertight union with the tunnel construction. 20 designates wharf structures at the shore ends of the tunnel and forming a continuation thereof and communicating with subway lines 144.

The tunnel sections.

The tunnelsections such as 13 and 14 may be constructed in the subwater line `chambers of the WharfV structures 20 or at any other desired location and are preferably formed as a fioatable construction. Each tunnel section consists of a reinforced and Waterproofed bridge framing consisting of girders which are provided with chords Q2 and 23 having web plates 29 riveted or otherwise secured to angle members 30 so as to form a ginder system as is best seen in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. 24 designates vertical I-beams secured to the upper chords 22 and the lower chords Q3 and also to truss members 25 which latter are secured to plates 26 secured to the I-beams 24. A structural metal truss girder extending in height from the. bottom to the top of the construction is thus formed the length of which corresponds to the length of a section. 27 designates transverse roof beams and 28-designates flooring or foundation beams secured to the members 30. 31 designates brackets secured to the longitudinalv girder elements and the transverse roofing and flooring girder elements. 3:? designates a bearing plate secured to the beams Q8 and adapted to rest upon the head of a fixed grade line pier Q or if desired a platen.sattaxehed` to the ybuse of the structure so as to present a bearing face for the end of the next tunnel section and a capping member 34 is also preferably provided at the upper end of a tunnel section. 35 designates side plates or jaws on opposite sides of a tunnel section at its end, see Fig. 5, in order to form a chamber at the meeting ends of tunnel section to be filled with concrete. 36 designates foundation members of any desired material arranged longitudinally and transversely and preferably with cutting edges at their bottom to provide for chambering the foundation area of the tunnel line and dividing the same into compartments to be subsequently filled with any desired material. At each end of the tunnel Section, the upright and transverse elements of the truss-frame structure are increased in number and are reinforced and secured together by means of brackets 31 and reinforcing plates 37 which latter are secured to angle pieces 38 to which end plates 39 are firmly secured to provide the necessary stability in such ends to enable bulk-heads 40, see Fig. 8, to be employed.

The side plates 35 have on their inner faces inclined slots 41 coperating with lugs 42 on the sides of the tunnel section, see Fig. 7, so that the tunnel section on bein f lowered into position will be automatical y drawn into proper alinement with a tunnel section which has been placed; The end plates 39 of adjoining sections may be fastened together and the space between such plates, as seen in Fig. 5, is adapted to be filled by forcingl (ement or grouting material through a. conduit 43 and ports 44 in order to form a Water-tight joint. After this is done a passage can be made through the bulk head 40 ofrone tunnel section and then through a bull; head 40 of the adjoining tunnel section. 45 desi-fnates closures or valves for the conduits lil. 4S designates ballasting ports constructed in any desired manner and provided with removable Water-tight valves 47. 48 designates a 7efater-ti, jht seal or plugl in the outer end of the ballasting ports 46 adapted to he driven out from Within the chamber of a tunnel section 'when it is desired to ballast thercbcneath. 55 designates longitudinal track stringcrs secured to the foundation element Q8 and connected by fish plates or other members and embedded in concret:` and water proofing material so as to operate as cinitinnous members throughout the length of the construction and across the union of meeting sections.

In order to properly secure together the ends of meeting tunnel sections lapping members 49 are built up, see Figs. l, li and 11, so that a continuity of the chord and bridging construction is formed throughout it beingl understood that after the end plates 3S) ar ri. etcd together, aat .70, and suitabl:y calked the lining and lapping members t) are placed in -osition7 andflapping chord elements 97 an 98 are secured to the chord elements or the tunnel sections to form a continuity of the same throughout the tunnel line. The bridge framings above described are embedded in concrete preferably with a large percentage of cement or equivalent niaterial therein and a layer oi waterproofing 57 of any desired nature such as for example asphalt ei'ubcds the metal elements to a point near the ends of a section and the inside tace of the plate 39.as shown at59 at which point the waterprooiing layeris ot' increased thiol:- ness. The waterprooiing layer 57 is continued on the inner face of the sheathing member 5S which encompasses the reinforced concrete construction. This sheathing element 58 may be Jorrned in any desired manner and in Fig. 6 consists of a plurality of layers of planks in'which the inner layer 60 is covered by an outer layer Glwith a layer ot' Waterproofing between the same and the element 5S is covered and enveloped by a layer of waterproofing 63. The layers of waterproofing 57, 62 and 63V are united at the ends of a tunnel section and are also united with an inner layer of waterproofing 64 and the layer of waterproofing between the laf*- ers 57 and 6a is designated as 65.

Atterlining the reinforced concrete construction with a layer of waterproofing 64 and closing the ports 89 in the bulk-heads 40. see Fig. 8, and establishing air lock chambers 66, see Fig. 7. the section will be about loaded sufficiently for iioating into placement inthe tunnel line. Any additional wfght required may be formed by completing the construction to the inner line or by iilling a tunnel section with water or otherwise wei ghting the same. 7 5 designates an air shaft communicating with an air lool;4 fi'lianiber 66. After a? tunnel section has been connected with an adioining tunnelV svction and the lan joint formed ot the structural chords and other metal elements, the water proof layers are continued, as shown at G7, so that the lapping members 49 are 'haced with a layer oi waterproof. The inner -tace of the lining member i9 is reinforced by a lining member 7 FZ *.vhich may be provided with an inner lining member 73. A metal reinforcing; element 901i., as seen in Fig. 13, may be employer. through .fhicli the layers ol.' waterprooing become a.v unit between the outer boundary line 95 and the inner contour line 70 of? the tunnel. ll proi erably increase the bridginn: capacity7 ot al section hv employing metal bars or Ychords 74. see Fig. 1.3, in wliichthe space between `7G and 77 is provided with a filling o tf cement or concrete ot reinforcing metal 7S enibedded therein. Between 77 anc 79 the waterprooiing E209 is shown with reinforcing metal eml'xedded therein together with cement or concrete. Between 79 and 80`the waterprooling layer is shown faced with cement and vitritied brick 203. From 80 to 7 6 the waterproof is shown embedded in expanded, woven or perforated metal embedded in concrete. S2 desinates reinforcing bars extending across or encompassing the tunnel chambers. Chord members 88 and Sli are also seen in Fig. i3 united to the chords :22 and 23 respectively. 'lhe waterproof layers may be reinforced with metal 99, see Fig. 13. 200 designates long.- tudinal lines of waterproofing, see Figs. l Vand 13, which are in waterproof union with transverse lines or waterproofing Q91 in order to localize any leakage. 203 designates reinforcing bars extending longitu dinally through the construction and ernbedded in the concrete between the brackets 31 and the inner lining member and 201i designates similar bars employed at the upper end ot the construction. These chords are united together to provide a continuity of chord elements throughout the tunnel and are anchoredV to the shore terminals and the chord elements 22 and Q3 are also anchored to the shore terminals. T he flooring` is reinforced to longitudinally extending elements consisting or bars or metallic plates or beams to increase the bridging capacit;7 or the construction.`

Suitable means for supporting and guiding the tunnel section when lowering the to placement are provided either 'on platform 7 floating vessels 93 or both and cables 92 are provided. see 8, and attached to the construction so that a tunnel section mav be lowered to placement. Each tunnel section is provided. with a cross bar l?, cooperating with the guide il.

It will now be apparent that in carrying out my invention I reinforce the foundation bed after the same has been surveyed, by means of piers of any desired supporting capacity and the foundation bed between these piers is reinforced by piling and ballast to any desired capacity. The tunnel sections are then constructed to form a reinforced concrete tunnel section having a frame-work of structural metal embedded in concrete and layers of waterproofing. The ends of a tunnel section are then closed such section is floated or otherwise transported into position above the prepared foundation bed so that when lowered the ends will be supported upon the piers. As a tunnel section is lowered to placement it interlooks with the end oi a tunnel section already in place. The ends of the meeting llt) manner described. Through the ballasting ports in the foundation part piles are passed and ballast so that the tunnel sections are ballasted into union with the foundation bed and form a unit of structure therewith. The tunnel sections at the shore ends are united with the subwater line chambers of the shore terminals 20 and are in waterproof union therewith. The drainage wells 21 are connected with the drainage wells 21 in the shore terminals 20. The piles supporting the working platforms 7 are then cut off or removed. preferably establish side walls or pilings and fill in the channel with suitable material t0 the grade line, first driving pilings to a suitable standard of resistance and ballast or concrete the bed to alinement. Subsequently to the placement of the tunnel sections either of single or multiple tunnel construction, I ballast the reinforced concrete sections with concrete or other desired ballast and embed the sections at any desired portion, such as at the meeting ends, or along any part or the entire length of the tunnel line. Such side walls or pilings, as reinforcements in the tunnel bed, provide the desired resistance and reinforcement of the bed, and are especially designed to be employed Where there is any uncertainty or shifting of the bed, and, if desired, continuously as a further reinforcement to the areas to the tunnel bed. The space between the side walls or parallel rows of pilings may be used for the piers or alining piers for the placing of the tunnel sections thereon in proper alinement. The sections thus placed may have the ends or the entire lengths between the piles or side walls filled with concrete which may be tamped and {il} the space and cover the construction between the side walls. Any void that may remain in the bed under the tunnel may be filled with concrete through the ballasting ports in the tunnel construction. The ports may be afterward sealed, waterproofed, and capped to the line 70. By using a water sealing material to encompass the foundation area of the structure, the water may be pumped out of the ballast foundation compartment through pipes or flexible hose passed through the foundation ports 46, and the compartment, then practically free from water, can be filled with broken stone and grouting and a cement grouting may be employed upon the upper surface and as a filling for the ports.

When the tunnel sections are united in continuity and ballasted into union with the areas of the bed, it will be evident no break down or leakage can occur. especially when the construction is reinforced and protected by being embedded in concrete to cover the same with or without the side walls or pilings being employed and concreted into union therewith. In this manner the tunnel sections may be readily placed in position after being built in dry docks and made thoroughly water tight. The sections may be readily united in alined position and the watergirooing thereof protected by the concrete lling thereabove, whereby any number of sections may be placed in position on the bed and have a substantially Water tight envelopment at the ends or throughout any desired length o f the construction, so that any desired length of construction can be placed along the alined bed prior to making entrance into such construction for the completion of the meeting ends or the inner lining and equipment of the construction.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that the novel construction of tunnel herein disclosed may be very economically constructed since the same may be built in waterproof chambers of the shore terminals or on the land and then transported to placement and since the foundation bed is provided with a maximum of supporting and bridging capacity and the tunnel sections are formed of a reinforced bridge framing of truss metal work, any desired standards of load supporting capacity can be obtained. The construction is such that in case the foundation bjed between piers is removed, the tunnel construction will have the capacity of supporting maximum load. This invention provides for the building in and tiotation from suitable sites, and the subsequent placement, alinement and anchorage. of large` sectional lengths of single or multiple tunnelway monolithic construction along the excavated bed of a waterway, and for the chambering, embedment, anchorage and uniting of the juxtaposed endsof such sections from shore to shore; or throughout any length of construction. It also provides for the ballasting and concreting of such construction into union with the bed, and

lthe reinforcements and alining equipments of such bed, and for embedding the construction in concrete, whereby reliable standards of stability and capacities are provided which have not' heretofore been obtained. f

The inherent stabilityl and capacities of the construction prior to placement, serve to establish in the tunnelway encompassing walls a continuity of capacities to not only resist external pressures. but to form, when placed and concreted into union with the bed and embedded to cover. a bridging support from the place of application of stress or strain, externally and internally, and verticallv or laterallv to abutment supports in continuity throughout the length of any section, and otherwise throughout a series of Sections and throughout the entire length of the tunnel.

The tunnel sections and' otherwise the located tunnel construction, having a suitable metal framing or trussed metal bridge framing, or trussed boX girder bridge framing embedded in ceinentitious material, such as concrete, or asphaltum, or other suitable material, or a combination of such as herein described, will form and constitute a continuous metal framing reinforced monolithic construction, and otherwise a bridge framing or metal box girder reinforced cementitious tunnel.

Any one or all of such reinforcements embedded in cementitious material form and constitute a tunnelway or multiple tunnelways encompassing body, which will possess inherent qualities to provide for handling and transporting as iioatable sections of construction when equipped with suitable bulliheads at the ends of the sections, and which will possess inherent qualities when sunlr into alinement on suitable abuti'nents or supports along an excavatedl channel bed, and concreted and anchored into union therewith, so that a continuity of coperative tension, compression, trussing, anchorage and abutment supporting capacities are secured, whereby stresses, strains and ii'ibrations, applied vertically or laterally, will be distributed and equalized from the place of application on any section of length by bridging actions continuously to continuous abutment supports in the capacities of the body and the bed, side walls and bed equipments with -practical uniformity, and the strain will be distributed through the body to the bed and surrounding support, irrespective of the position of the load, relatively to the length of the construction.

The metal reinforcements in the tunnelway encompassing body of cementitious construction, are in tunnelway encompassing relationship with tension bridging capacities, crosswise and vertically, and otherwise section-ally in continuity in tunnelway encompassing relationship throughout the width and height, in combination with continuous tension and compression members extending' therewith throughout the length of such construction, with any desired extent of trussing longitudinally, and in such relationship in such construction as to provide a continuity of tension, compression, trussing, anchorage and abutment support, vertically and laterally, from the place of application of stresses and strains, in continuity throughout the length of any section and series of sections, irrespective of the location of such stresses and strains, relatively to length of the construction.

1n all the embodiments shown, the tunnelway encompassing body of metal reinforced cementitious construction, when concreted in union with the bed, will serve to function as a single or multiple tunnelway hollow bridge spanning girder or construction between abutment supports, and also a hollow cantaliver bridging construction on both sides of an abutment support, whereby the construction secures the advantages of both systems in practical continuity throughout any desired length of construction. i

The anchorage and abutment supporting capacities are continuous throughout the length and in encompassing relationship to the metal reinforced cementitious tunnelway encompassing body forming continuous abutments therewith, whereby the abutment and anchorage capacities of the construction may be said to be continuous, on both sides of abutment support, `and between abutment supports, for the determined bridging unit length and beyond such lengths in continuity, between the ends of section lengths, and otherwise throughout any desired number of sections of construction, or throughout an entire tunnel construction.

Such metal reinforced cementitious construction forms a reliable and stable base, for waterproofing, such as asphaltum, or pitch, or compounds of other material with such, with or without a wood or plate metal sheathing, or with a combination of such elements in the unit of such construction.

1n all the embodiments herein metal reinforcements or framings provide bridging tension capacities in the base throughout the width of the body of construction and longitudinally thereof, along and into sides and in abutments of the roof or arch of the tunnelway encompassing cementitious body, and the reinforcing elements thereof, and in case of multiple tunnelways, tension reinforcements, or the metal bridge framings, include longitudinally metal tension members, or bridging girders, between tunnelways throughout the length, thereby reinforcing the roof and the base, with vertical supports therebetween, at such parts.

Such construction assures practical continuity of metal tension, compression and anchorage capacities in and across the horizontal and vertical planes, and in and `about the tunnelway encompassing body of cementitious construction, throughout the length of any section, and otherwise, continuously throughout any desired number of section lengths of construction.

lt will be evident sections of such reinforced construction with any desired length can be constructed under most favorable and economical conditions in suitable dry sites, or dry docks, or in any suitable location along the shores of the waterways, where provision canbe made for flooding the site, and floating such construction therefrom to place, for sinking into tunnel alinement, along a suitable excavated, and alined, and reinforced channel bed of a waterway.

T he work of channel excavation, bed reinforcement, and tunnel alining equipments,

can be carried out expeditiously and eco-I nomically Without risks attending various other systems of construction involving the use of pneumatic pressure.

The sections of construction, built in dry sites, or docks, Will be subject to constant supervision, and the specified standards of construction, even to the Waterproofing, can be insured and guaranteed, and when the construction is placed and concreted into union with the bed, and embedded in concrete, or other suitable filling, the tunnel will possess capacities not hitherto obtained in tunnel construction.

It will now be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful subaqueous tunnel which embodies the features of advantage enumerated in the statement of the invention and the foregoing description and While I have, in the present instance, illustrated and described the preferred embodiments thereof which in practice Will give satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understoodthat the same are susceptible of modification in various particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is z- 1. A tunnel construction comprising sections of trussed metal bridge framing, capable of independent construction and movement, the said sections being united at their ends to transmit vertical and longitudinal strains through a plurality of sections, and cementitious material embedding the framing when in place.

2. A tunnel section, comprising a metal reinforced hollow monolithic girder having a trussed metal bridge framing embedded in its Walls throughout a plurality of determined units of length, said section being capable of independent construction and movement and having a plurality of tunnel passageways through it, each of said units of length being capable of supporting and distributing the strains of load and pressure to continuing unit lengths of the girder when placed.

3. A section of subaqueous tunnel construction, consisting of a reinforced concrete girder having its reinforcementsl embedded in concrete to form one or more tunnel passages, and preformed prior to placement on its bed, With the reinforcements, including tension members crossing all transverse sectional planes of said girder construction, and including reinforcing members supporting the tension members on and across transverse sectional planes, whereby the section throughout its length and on all section lines has definite standards of load supporting and bridging capacity irrespective of the direction in which stresses and strains are transmitted to 1t.

4. A section of subaqueous tunnel construction, consisting of a reinforced concrete girder having its reinforcements embedded in concrete to form one or more tunnel passages, and preformed prior to placement on its bed, with the reinforcements, including tension members crossing all transverse sectional planes of said girder construction, and including reinforcing members supporting the tension members on and across transverse sectional planes, whereby the section throughout its length and on all section lines has definite standards of load supporting and bridging capacity irrespective of the direction in which stresses and strains are transmitted to it, and means to render the section floatable.

5. A subterranean tunnel construction comprising a plurality of sections consisting of reinforced concrete girders preformed prior to placement on their bed, and having their reinforcements embedded in concrete to form one or more passages, said reinforcements including tension members crossing all transverse sectlonal planes of the construction, and including reinforcing members supporting the tension members on and across transverse sectional planes, whereby said girders have inherent in them definite standards for supporting stresses and strains, on and across all section lines of construction, irrespective of the direction in which such stresses and strains are transmitted, and concrete embedding and uniting the ends of juxtaposed sections.

6. A subterranean tunnel construction comprising a plurality of sections consisting of reinforced concrete girders preformed prior to placement on their bed, and having their reinforcements embedded in concrete to form one or more tunnel passages, said reinforcements including tension members crossing all transverse sectional planes of the construction, and including reinforcing members supporting the tension members on and across transverse sectional planes, whereby said girders have inherent in them definite standards for supporting stresses and strains, on and across all section lines of construction, irrespective of the direction in which such stresses and strains are transmitted. and concrete embedding and uniting the ends of juxtaposed sections, and a filling upon the bed to and against the base and side of said girders to form eoperative abutment supports therefor throughout the length and width of said girders, whereby said girders will be effectually anchored and protected and serve to stabilize and standardize the construction, and compensate for variations in character of bed and provide a practical constancy of definite standards for supporting and distributiner stresses and strains on any section in the length of the construction.

7 A reinforced concrete tunnel, comprisand forming the tunnel Wa11s,w11ereby vertlng upper and lower chord members exteudce] load strzuns and lateral dlsplacement 111g eentmuously throughout Jabe length 0i strelrls Wlll be reslsted.

the structure, vertical and lateral trussng JGS. SLWILLAMS. 5 cormeetmg sind chord members and sur /Vltnessee:

roundlng the passageway, and concrete em JOHN A. WIEDERSHEIM,

bedcbmg;- said chord and "crussng members W'M. CANER VVIEDERSEIM.

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