US1324059A - Air ventilation svstem - Google Patents

Description

S. W. MEAD.

AIR VENTILATION SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20. 1917.

'1 24,059. Patented Dec. 2-1919.

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S. W. MEAD.

AIR VENTILATION SYSTEM. APPLICAHON FILED SEPT. 20. 1917.

SAMUEL W. MEAD, OF WESTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

2 AIR, VENTILATION SYSTEM.

nszaosa Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 9, 1919.

Application filed September 20, 1917. Serial No. 192,236.

To all whom it may concern: I y

Be it known that I, SA UEL lhiEAD, citizen of the United States, resld ng at \Veston, in the county of MiddleseX and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Air Ventilation Systems, of which the following is a specification, reference beinghadthere in to the accompanyingdrawings.

My lnventlon relates particularly to means for ventilating two or morerooms,

superimposed, of a. building for congregations of people, say, students, or hosp tal patients; and, at the same tune, providing a building wherein are thefulfilledrequire ments of hygiene, safety, econo my of space, and economy inadministration.

applied'to school buildings. :3

The

Y their forced heat and. vents, serving the contends to remain in these eddies to the detrimentof the freedom of flowage of all ofthe air directly to the-outlet. Any system of ventilation dependent .upon lair ducts and registers isfound to'have these, as well as other well known a resulting objectionable features. Consequently a demand for outof-door conditions in the classroom is, heard from educators, to overcome the, lack 1 of efficient work of students, due to poor" ventilation. V

It has been] demonstrated in industrial buildings,'where hundreds of people are employed and great efioiency of labor has been obtained, that 'ahnost out-of-door conditions may be broughtabout by the use of the monitor roof as'a. circulator cf the air. Now the object of my inventionis,primarily so to plan and arrange a building of more than one story in height, that in each room, there may be enjoyed the benefits resulting from' the use of "a" monitor ventilator;

present box-like classrooms with and, incidentally, thatthere may be a complete economical utilization of the cubical contents of the congregation rooms and corridors.

By the term monitor roof or ventilator is meant a raised. central portion of the roof, or the ceiling of a room, of a' building, with windows or open spaces in the sides thereof, through which air in the room may rise and escape.

In the drawings illustrating the principle of my invention and the best mode now known to me of embodying the same in operative structure, Figure 1 1s a perspective view of my inventlon embodied -111 a number of stones i a of a typical unit or bay of a schoolhouse My invention may b'est be explained when";

showing 5 monitor ventilators, corridors,

and recreation loggia;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section on line 2-2,

Figs. 3 and 4; l

.Fig. 3 is a horizontal section, on line 33, Fig. 2; i

Fig. 4 is also alike section, on line 11, Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail of my invention to show more clearly its construction and the arrow indicates air currents;

Figs. 6 and 7 show how indirect heating may be used in connection with invention.

Atypical unit or bay of a school building has two ormorestories, 1, 2, Figs. 1 and 2, the floors 4 and 5, of which are supported by piers 6, girders 7 and curtain walls 8.

In ground plan, each floor is divided up into a congregation or classroom 9, Fig. 3, a corridor 10, and a wardrobe 11; suitable doorways 12, 13, connect the classroom with the corridors and the wardrobe; and windows let, in the lower part of the curtain walls, open the classroom to the outside air.

The space in eachstory between the floor, as 4:, of the corridor 10 and the main floor, 2395, above, is subdivided horizontally by a mezzanine floor 15, while the whole story height over the floor, l of the classroom 9, is occupied by the classroom, and a sloping ceiling or-roof lfi springing from the four walls of the room at the. mezzanine floor 15,

and terminating in a monitor ventilator 17', hav ng movable windows or slides 18. Pr ectmg nwardly from all sides of-the monitor ventilator, in the plane of the ceiling or roof of the schoolroom, is an aircontrolling lip or shelf 19, Figs. 4 and 5, the outer edge 20, Fig. 5, of which constitutes the air outlet of the schoolroom.

The curtain walls between the mezzanine floor, as 15, and the main floor, as 6, above, are removed to an extent to form large openings 21 tothe outside air, between all of the piers 7. Great air channels are thus formed by the mezzanine floor 15, Figs. 1 and 2, and the classroom ceiling or roof 16, and the school floor 6 above, and lead to and from the monitor ventilator 17 of the classroom; thus offering practically no obstruction to the flowagc and presence of unlimited outside air, and at the same time, turning the mezzanine story into an open loggia 22, accessible from the classroom by a staircase 23, Fig. 3, and perfectly adapted to out-of-door school recreation purposes.

Outside air may enter the corridors 10 in the usual manner, as by windows 24, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

My invention does not depend upon artificial heating of the air. It relies upon the natural currents of outside air, and the warm air arisingfrom a congregation ofpeople, and is embodied in a form which attempts to permit the greatest freedom of movement of such currents.

In warm weather no artificial heating is needed for physical comfort, but when it is necessary, either direct or indirect heating may be economically and easily applied to my system.' Fig. 5 shows sets of piping required for direct heating, one set 30 passing around the room below the windows let, while the other 81, lies adjacent to the li 3 19 opening into the. monitor ventilator 1 to aid in circulating the up and the down currents due to the ventilator. In the case of indirect heating, see Fig. 6, the incoming air, before entering the room, through the floor 32, is heated by a coil of piping 33 in an air channel 3%, say in the topportion of the.

monitor of the room below; or by piping 35, Fig. 7, in an air box 36, which receives outside air from the outside loggia below, and discharges it up through the floor, at the sides of the schoolroom. As in the case of direct heating, so in the case of indirect heating, a coil of piping 37 lies adjacent to the air outlet in the ceiling of the room.

From this description of the physical structure, including references to the drawings, the operation of my invention must be plain. Outside air freely enters the schoolroom through open windows, doors, or openings in the wall. Itbecomes heated either bythe presence of the people, by'artificial means, or by both, and rises, the walls and ceilingguiding it'up through the lip opening into themonitoi" ventilator. Here it is met by cross currents of outsldealr flowing in any one direction between the 1nezzanine floor and the floor above, to, through and away from, the monitor ventilator,

and is swept away; the tendency to forming the schoolroom, but this is overcome by the lip and the rising air from the room, which causes said outside air toassume a whirling course, as indicated in Fig. 5, whereby said air is thrown across, and out of, the monitor, rather than down into the room. In short, the currents of outside air as devel-' oped, for example in a chimney, are approximated as nearly as possible inthe air currents formed in relation to rooms, superimposed one upon another.

The general clear story height in a school building is thirteen feet, but to make use of 7 my invention, it is desirable to increase this to approximately fifteen feet, so that each story is capableof the above-mentioned subdivision. i

With this horizontal sub division, it is plain, in conclusion, that the lower division is kept to its original planning. of corridor, classroom and wardrobe; andtheupperdivision of the class or work room, to the forming of the monitor ventilator; while the division of over the corridor serves for out-ofdoor recreation. Obviously, the lower division retains the ideal indoors school administrative conditions; and the upper-division gives the ideal ventilation of the class room, and the complete out-of-door con ditions for drill or recreation, planned for each schoolroom as a unit. Y

Further, it appears that the cubical contents of the room and corridor have. been fully utilized; andalso that a like subdivision of the clear story height of, an adj acent wardrobe, can be taken advantage of, the upper subdivision 40, Fig. 4:, serving as a perfect arrangement of the toilets for-the schoolroom; and the lower, for a coat room; both being ample in height, connected by Stairways, and accessible to the'recreation corridor and the schoolroom. By this construction, the teacher has complete supervision over her unitary schoolroom, wardrobe, toilets, corridor and recreation corridor. I It will also be seen that all of what would otherwise be expensive curtain walls for this upper division, have been reduced to less costly piers, thereb forming a loggia to house the monitor j ventilator; and out of the spaces that would otherwise be. waste height in corridor, wardrobe and schoolroom, have resulted in great open air spaces and channels for my ventilating system; i

Still further, while the old system of heating and ventilating involves great expense for mechanical equipment and air ducts, located in the basement, and walls of the building; by the use of my invention, the heating, when required, may be accomplished by the ordinary system of piping for direct radiation; and the space in thebasement formerly occupied by this mechanical equipment, may now be utilized for purposes other than heating and ventilating.

Having described the structure and operation of myinvention, and desiring to protect the same in the broadest manner legally possible, what I claim is:

ventilators extending upwardly from each i of said apartment-sections into the recreation-section above and lying in the path of the currents of air passing through the perpurp'ose set forth.

2. A building structure divided into stories,

each story being divided horizontally by sub-floors to provide a lower closable livingapartment-section and an upper columnsection permanently open at its sides and throughout its area to the atmosphere, a portion of said sub-floors being inclined upwardly into said upper column-section to form an inclined ceiling for the apartment below, a ventilator at the apex of said inclined portions of the sub-floors and projecting above the same to lie in the path of the currents of air passing through said column-section, and said column-sections of the structure being of sufiicient height to provide a recreation-space for the occupants of the closable apartment below.

In testimony; whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' SAMUEL" W. MEAD.

Witnesses:

A. I. CRAWFORD, CHARLES F. RICHARDSON.

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