US1320754A

US1320754A - gravely

Info

Publication number: US1320754A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1919-11-04
Anticipated expiration: 1936-11-04

Description

Pntent'ed Nov. 4, 1919.

Adhesive. film compris-m7 polgmerzcd Chinese Wood oll- UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

JULIAN S. GRAVELY, OF NEW HAVEN. CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO., OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION.

SHOT-SHELL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 4, 1919.

Applicatie med June 14, 191s. serial No. 304,344.

and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Shot- Shells; and l do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,"A and exact description of the same.

My invention relates to an improved pape-r tube for use in the manufacture of paper shot-shells, the object being to produce a smooth, hard and tough tube of superior' resistance to moisture, and of a texture which adapts it to hold its crimp. A further object of the invention is to produce such a superior tube without resorting to any operations in addition to those commonly used in the production of paper shot- .shell tubes.

Vith these'ends in view, my invention consists in a paper shot-shell tube characterized by a plurality of superimposed coils of paper and co-extensive interposed coils. of an adhesive non-hygroscopic film adhering and Yconsolidating the respective coils of paper, the said film containing polymerized Chinese Woodoil.

My invention further consists in a paper shot-shell tube having certain details of con struction as Will be hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which the figure is an enlarged View in transverse section of a. paper shot-shell tube produced in accordance with my invention.

In carrying out. my invention, I wind' a sheet of suitable paper upon a mandrel after the paper has had applied to one of'its faces a continuous film of a paste containing Chinese wood or tung-oil. The moist tuber,

is then dried, preferably in the air, after which it is subjected to heat for a sufficient length of time to polymerizethe Chinese wood oil. The tube thus producedconsists of a pluralitv of superimposed coils of paper respectively separated from each other but bound together and consolidated by co-ex-. tensive coils of a continuous non-hygroscopie adhesive film. The polymerization of the Chinese, wood oil in the paste makes the tube resistant to moisture, makes it hard and smooth without brittleness, and of a texture which adapts it to hold its crimp. The surface, smoothness of the tube is such that it passes through the sizing' dies Without the employmentof the lubricant ordinarily found to he necessary to prevent the exposed fibers of the outer coil of the paper from adhering to the burnished surfaces of the dies.A After being sized, the tubes are.

dipped in a bath of molten paraflin, or a;

bath consisting of a mixture of paraflin,' petrolatum, or other sultable compound for' the purpose of impregnating the fibers of the paper so as to render it immune to powder-burns or gas-leaks, as well as to make the tube additionally moisture-resistant, though the primary object of immersing the tubes in a`bath of parafin or equivalent substance, is to treat their interior surfaces in' such a manner as to prevent powder;burns and gas-leaks which occur, if Vat all, from the inside of the tube outward. In this conneetion it may be said that whilethe tube is made resistant to moisture by the nonhygroscopie adhesive film coiled between the paper coils, the tube'is made proof against poW-,

der-burns and gas-leaks by the impregnation of the fibers vof the respective coils. I am aware that paraflin as used in the manufacture of paper shot-shell tubes, is ordinarily considered as vmerely a Water-proofing constituent. It is true that paraffin' does aid in water-proofing, but paraffin is of even greater importance as used in paper shotshells in preventing powder-burns which originate solely on the inside of the tube and which are likely to occur if the shells are fired in a liot gun. -The fact that paraffin is a great deterrent of powder-burns is more readily demonstrated than explained. It is, however, conceived that-it so actsfor the reason that being liquefied at vthe instant of explosion, it envelopsthe fibers of the paper in a smothering fluid and prevents the access of sufficient oxygen thereto to su port combustion.

aper shot-shel-ls made from such tubes are -found to stand up underfthe endwisenate comple-ted paper shot-shell tubes by l l l.

their immersion in solutions containing polymerizzlblc oil, a process less effective and less reliable than my'improved method of introducingT the polymerizable oil into the paste used to cement the plies ot' the paper together, for a number of reasons, aniomgr which I, may mention the certainty I secure of the even distribution of the pol ymerizable `oil throughout the entire structure otl the` tube due to the fact that the oil is mechanically introduced with certainty and uniformity between the plies ot the paper. whereby I eliminate the factors of uncertain distribution due to variations in the absorbative capacity of the paper itself, to variations in the tension under which the tubes are. initially wound, and to variations in the moisture-content of the completed tubes when placed in the bath due to variations in the humidity of the atmosphere. Moreover serious objections exist to the`use of a bath of polymerizable oil which must be maintained atan elevated temperature to enable it to be driven into the completed tubes. On account of the elevated temperature at which the bath must be maintained, the polymerization of the oil in the bath may take place prior to the introduction of the tubes into it. Thus, if a. bath containing polyinerizable oil is .kept over from day` to day at an elevated temperature, it is obvious that a considerable variation in its content of polyiiicrizable oil will result with the effect of making variations in the amount of polymerizable oil actually taken up by the tubes causing the bath-impregnation process y to be attended with uncertainty, whereas it is desirable to secure the highest possible uniformity in the amount of polymcrizable oil in the tubes. All these objections are overcome by my improved method of intro- ,ducing the polymerizable oil into the paste 'the-spccific character of which may be controlled with more ease and certainty than a bath. I `Urthermore. a superficially applied ooating'of polymerizable oil will unavoidably vary in thickness owing to variations in'/ temperature, causing corresponding variations in the. viscosity of the bath solution. The above objections apply to processes depending on` impregnation in bat-hs. As to all 'processes of coatingpaper shot shell tubes with polymerizable oil by spraying or paint-ing, they are open to the objection that they involve a separate group of treatments j entailing,r additional time and labor which must be added to the cost of the tubes. The coating process, moreover, is 'superficial in character, variableA in'result, and objectionable in that the coating being superficial rather than integral, may be seriously impaired by abrasion, to that extent reducing the protection aimed at. These results, as

stated. l concciviI to bc due to the tact that the pol \'merizuble oil when used in the paste uniformly distributed mechanically tlix' ui;'liolu the structure ot' the paper tubes. whereas tubes dependent upon the permeation of the fibers ot' the paper by waterproofing compounds. vary in density with variations in the. compound and the heat under which it is applied. as well as in variations in the density of the paper slice-ls. My improvedshells may be carried in the pocket of a hunter and subjected to lone` continued abrasion without having' their exterior surface abradcd or roug'hcned so as to prevent them from functioning in his gun. iVhile l do not limit myscll to thc employment of any specific paslc l'or the prosecution of' my invention, lA have secured excellent results by the use ot' a paste made by boiling starch and water until nearly the-required consistency has been secured, and then adding from lf/ to 16234 of Chinese wood oil and continuingthe eooking`r process Witlrstirring. until thorough emulsification hastaken place. i

I claim l. As a new article'of manufacture, a paper tube for use in the manufacture of papel shot-shells, consisting of' a plurality of coils of paper separated by co-extensive interposed coils of a non-hygroscopic adhesive film which binds the, coils of the paper together and consolidates them and makes the tube resistant to moisture. the said film containing Ipolymerized (.hincse wood oil.

As a new article of manufacture, a paper tube f'or use in the manufacture of paper shot-shells. consistiiugT of a plurality of coils of paper separated by cti-extensive able paper, then ceiling the paper into a Y tube, then subjecting the tubo to heat for polymerizing the Chinese wood oil contained in the paste, then' sizing the tube, and finally subjecting it to a bath of fire-proofing compound for the impregnation of its fibers.

In testimony whereof, 1 have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JULIAN s. ointvninf.

Witnesses:

DANIEL H. VEADER, ERIK S. PALMER.