US1319828A - And willard c - Google Patents
And willard c Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1319828A US1319828A US1319828DA US1319828A US 1319828 A US1319828 A US 1319828A US 1319828D A US1319828D A US 1319828DA US 1319828 A US1319828 A US 1319828A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- hydrocarbon
- molten metal
- carbon
- disposed
- Prior art date
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000001513 Elbow Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/40—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by indirect contact with preheated fluid other than hot combustion gases
Definitions
- Our invention relates to apparatus for treating comparatively heavy petroleum and otherheavy hydrocarbon oils and their distillates in order to produce therefrom gasolene or other light volatile liquids, and is an improvement on the apparatus described in our pending a lication Serial No. 147,780.
- heavy hydrocarbon oils may be cracked or converted into lighter hydrocarbon liquids b subducting the oils or vapors thereof, pre erably under pressure, to a high temperature. It is also.
- the object of our invention is to improve on the apparatus described in our said application No. 147,780, and to provide eificient and reliable apparatus for converting the heavy oils into lighter oils by heating the oils to the required temperature, whil preferably under pressure.
- the numeral 1 designates a fire-heated furnace provided with a Smokestack 2.
- the numeral 3 designates a vertically-disposed tube or. container, and this is filled with a liquid which will not distil at the temperature em loyed. It is essential that the material in t e tube or container 3 be one which not only will not boil or distil over at the temperature employed, but one which will not chemically combine with the oil 'being treated;-
- This tube 5 Disposed in the tube 3 there is an inner tube 5, and the lower end of this tube is open and terminates near the bottom of the tube 3. This tube 5"is also provided with one or more openings 6 near the top.
- a tube 7 a portion of which is disposed in the form of a coil in the Smokestack 2 in order that the oil may be preheated.
- the coil 3 as shown, extends down through the tube 3 and has its lower end 7? turned up so as to discharge t e preheated oil or oil vapor into the lower end of the tube 5;
- the tube 3 at its upper end is provided with a cap 7, and in practice this should be mounted so that it can readily be removed so as to give access to the interior of the apparatus.
- This tube 3 is also provided with an elbow 9 which connects with a conduit 10 extending into a drum 11 which is provided as a convenient receptacle in which any carbon forming during the cracking operation may be deposited.
- 12 designates a thermometer mounted in' the top of the tube 7 so that the interior temperature in'the apparatus may be easily observed.
- the hydrocarbon vapors pass from the drum 11 through pipe 14 to any suitable condensing apparatus.
- the tube 3 is filled with a material, such as lead, and the fire in the furnace is started and the heated gases move through the furnace and in contact with the tube 3, following the course indicated by the arrows.
- a material such as lead
- the cock 7" is opened and the hydrocarbon to be treated passes through the tube 7 where'it is preheated, and then down to the bottom of the tube 3 where it esca es in the lower .end of the inner tube 5.
- This pressure can be had by either making the tubes 3 comparatively short and maintaining a .gas or vapor pressure in the entire apparatus, including the drum 11, or preferably by making the tubes 3 of considerable length so that the weight of the liquid in these tubes, although varying from point to point, will provide at least a substantial part of the necessary pressure.
- the tube 7 is very small and the hydrocarbon passes through it so rapidly that there is no troublesome accumulation of carbon in this tube.- If such accumulation should take place in that portion of the tube which is immersed in the molten metal, this difficulty could be readily overcome by forming that portion of the tube 7 of heatinsulating material or by heat-jacketing that portion of the tube.
- a vertically disposed tubular member containing molten metal, a cracking tube disposed therein in open communication with said molten metal at its top and bottom, and means for delivering hydrocarbon to be treated into the bottom of said tube;
- Avertically disposed externally heated tube containing a molten metal, a second tube disposed in the first and means for passing the hydrocarbon to be treated together with molten metal through said interior tube.
Description
P/FtfJ/EATER F01? wan-001x 07 B. ANDREWS AND W. C. AVERILL, JI APPARATUS FOR TREATlNG PETROLEUM.
APPLICATION FILED MAY]. 1918.
1,319,828. I Patented Oct. 28,1919.
i /2 l E FOAM ACE UNITED STATES PATENT oFnroE.
BENJAMIN ANDREWS, 0F HOUSTON, TEXAS, AND WILLARD G, AVERILL, JR, OF
MERAUX, LOUISIANA.
APPARATUS FOR TREATING PETROLEUM,
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. 28, 1919.
Application filed May 7, 1918. Serial N0. 233,039.
J certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Treating Petroleum, of which the following is a disclosure. I
Our invention relates to apparatus for treating comparatively heavy petroleum and otherheavy hydrocarbon oils and their distillates in order to produce therefrom gasolene or other light volatile liquids, and is an improvement on the apparatus described in our pending a lication Serial No. 147,780.
It is now wel l lxnown that heavy hydrocarbon oils may be cracked or converted into lighter hydrocarbon liquids b subducting the oils or vapors thereof, pre erably under pressure, to a high temperature. It is also.
well known that the temperature required for this operation varies to some extent with difl'erent oils, but is always comparatively high, being sometimes of the order of l,000 Fahrenheit. The high temperature required has made it extremely difficult to devise apparatus for practising the process satisfactorily, and the tendency of the oil to deposit carbon when heated has further enhanced the difliculties.
The object of our invention is to improve on the apparatus described in our said application No. 147,780, and to provide eificient and reliable apparatus for converting the heavy oils into lighter oils by heating the oils to the required temperature, whil preferably under pressure. a
The improved apparatus by which we accomplish the objects of our invention is dia-- grammatically illustrated in the single figure of the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification. This figure is a vertical section view of our improved a paratus, and our invention will be readi y understood from a description of this apparatus.
Referring to the drawing, the numeral 1 designates a fire-heated furnace provided with a Smokestack 2. The numeral 3 designates a vertically-disposed tube or. container, and this is filled with a liquid which will not distil at the temperature em loyed. It is essential that the material in t e tube or container 3 be one which not only will not boil or distil over at the temperature employed, but one which will not chemically combine with the oil 'being treated;-
Lead and other metals which fuse at low temperatures, are recommended for this purpose. Disposed in the tube 3 there is an inner tube 5, and the lower end of this tube is open and terminates near the bottom of the tube 3. This tube 5"is also provided with one or more openings 6 near the top.
and preferably at the upper level of the liquid in the tube 3. The oil to be treated,
either in the form of a liquid or a vapor, is introduced through a tube 7, a portion of which is disposed in the form of a coil in the Smokestack 2 in order that the oil may be preheated. The coil 3, as shown, extends down through the tube 3 and has its lower end 7? turned up so as to discharge t e preheated oil or oil vapor into the lower end of the tube 5; The tube 3 at its upper end is provided with a cap 7, and in practice this should be mounted so that it can readily be removed so as to give access to the interior of the apparatus. This tube 3 is also provided with an elbow 9 which connects with a conduit 10 extending into a drum 11 which is provided as a convenient receptacle in which any carbon forming during the cracking operation may be deposited. 12 designates a thermometer mounted in' the top of the tube 7 so that the interior temperature in'the apparatus may be easily observed. The hydrocarbon vapors pass from the drum 11 through pipe 14 to any suitable condensing apparatus.
In operating the apparatus described, the tube 3 is filled with a material, such as lead, and the fire in the furnace is started and the heated gases move through the furnace and in contact with the tube 3, following the course indicated by the arrows.
When the apparatus has been brought to the proper temperature, the cock 7" is opened and the hydrocarbon to be treated passes through the tube 7 where'it is preheated, and then down to the bottom of the tube 3 where it esca es in the lower .end of the inner tube 5. I n escaping from under a substantial pressure when sub jected to the molten lead. This pressure can be had by either making the tubes 3 comparatively short and maintaining a .gas or vapor pressure in the entire apparatus, including the drum 11, or preferably by making the tubes 3 of considerable length so that the weight of the liquid in these tubes, although varying from point to point, will provide at least a substantial part of the necessary pressure. We have found tubes approximately ten feet long, containing molten lead, to give satisfactory results with only a few pounds pressure in the drum 11; In this case the pressure, due to the weight of the liquid lead, was over fifty pounds per square inch at the bottom of the tube 5, where the hydrocarbon was introduced.
When the hydrocarbon is discharged from the end 7- of the tube 7, the vapors rise rapidly through the tube 5, carrying the molten lead with them, and escape with the molten lead through the opening 6. At this point the vapors separate from the lead and pass up through the elbow 9 and tube 10 into the settling'drum 11. e have found by actual operation of apparatus of this kind that only a very small quantity of carbon is deposited and substantially all of this is carried up through the tube 10 and deposited in this drum 11 as a fine powder so that it can easily be blown out or removed. The rapid circulation of the molten lead through the tube 5 substantially prevents any accumulation of carbon on the inner walls of this tube, and the apparatus can be run for days at a time without any trouble due to the accumulation of carbon in the apparatus. If any carbon should accumulate, it can be readily removed by taking 0d the cap 8 and cleaning the interior of the tube 5, which is exposed when the cap 8 is removed. We have observed that the trouble heretofore experienced with carbon accumulations has been mainly due to a local overheating. In the improved apparatus described, there can be no local overheating because the heat of the furnace is applied to the tube 3 containing the molten metal, and owing to the rapid circulation of this metal down inthe tube 3 and up in the tube 5, there is at all times maintained an even temperature throughout the tube 5, where the cracking operation is carried on. Even should carbon accumulate on the tube 5 it would not tend to produce local overheating because of the circulation of the molten metal.
The tube 7 is very small and the hydrocarbon passes through it so rapidly that there is no troublesome accumulation of carbon in this tube.- If such accumulation should take place in that portion of the tube which is immersed in the molten metal, this difficulty could be readily overcome by forming that portion of the tube 7 of heatinsulating material or by heat-jacketing that portion of the tube.
While for purposes of illustration we have shown only a single unit consisting of one outer tube 3 and one inner tube 5, it is understood that a large number of these units may be provided in a single furnace and connected, if desired, to a com mon settling drum l1.
' Having now described our invention, what we claim is: e
1. A vertically disposed tubular member, containing molten metal, a cracking tube disposed therein in open communication with said molten metal at its top and bottom, and means for delivering hydrocarbon to be treated into the bottom of said tube;
2. Avertically disposed externally heated tube, containing a molten metal, a second tube disposed in the first and means for passing the hydrocarbon to be treated together with molten metal through said interior tube.
A vertically-disposed externally heated tube, a molten metal, a second tube disposed in the first, means for admitting molten metal and hydrocarbon to be treated into the bottom of said last-named tube and for discharging the hydrocarbon andthe molten metal at the top of said tube.
BENJAMIN ANDREWS. WILLARD C. AVERILL, JR.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1319828A true US1319828A (en) | 1919-10-28 |
Family
ID=3387299
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US1319828D Expired - Lifetime US1319828A (en) | And willard c |
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US (1) | US1319828A (en) |
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- US US1319828D patent/US1319828A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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