US1319756A

US1319756A - chorlton

Info

Publication number: US1319756A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1919-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 1936-10-28

Description

A. E. L. CHORLTON.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919,

6 SHEETS-SHEET I.

A. E. L. CHORLTON.

lNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 21. 1916.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

6 SH EETSSHEET 2.

A. E.- L. CHORLTON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 2h 1916- V Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

" 6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

FIGS.

A. E. L. CHORLTON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FIVLED- NOV. 21. 1916.

1,319,756. N Patented Oct. 28,1919.

. 6SHEETSSHEE T 4. I

A. E. L. CHORLTON.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION men NOV-2|. 1915.

1,319,756. Patented Oct. 28,1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

E F/G.5.

A. E. L. CHORLTON.

Patented Oct. 28,1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6- ALAN ERNEST LEOFRIC CHORLTON, F SWALLOWIBECK, LINCOLN, ENGLAND.

INTERN All-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 28, 1919.

Application filed November 21, 1916. Serial No. 132,688.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALAN ERNEST LEOFRIC v CHoRL'roN, a subject of the King of England,

' revolving or stationary types and more especially air-cooled engines working on the six-stroke cycle which involves the use of blind strokes in the course of which air only is drawn .into and expelled from the cylinder. The invention has for its object to obtain greater power and fuel economy as compared with engines of this type as usually constructed. '7

It is well known that the powerdeveloped in the cylinder of an air-cooled engine is limited by the rate at which heat produced in that cylinder can be dissipated and the extent of economy obtainable is determined by the low compression which it is necessary to employ in order to prevent pre-ignition in the heated cylinder. The normal method of cooling an air-cooled cylinder is to employ a number of thin and deep ribs attached to or integral with the cylinder itself and these ribs are subject to a blast of air either pecially produced for the purpose or, as in the case of an engine employed in aeronautical work, the cooling blast is derived from the propeller driven by the engine or brought about by the air passing over the enginewhen the aircraft is in flight.

It is obvious that the extent of cooling that can be effected by such external means as this quickly reaches a limit and hence in order to develop higher power and economy which involves the use of larger cylinders and higher compression, it is necessary to also cool the interior of the cylinder and in an eflicient manner. This can be accomplished by employing the six-stroke cycle as the air drawn in and expelled from the cylinder during the fifth and sixth strokes in a six-stroke cycle effects the necessary internal cooling of the cylinder and piston crown. The resultant effect of employing the'sixstroke cycle as regards power and economy is that though the power falls off per stroke in consequence of there being only one working stroke in six as compared wlth one workstrokes are used ing stroke in four, in the case of a fourstroke engine, the decrease in power is in fact only small because it then becomes poss ble to use higher mean pressures and higher compressions in consequence of the more effectual scavenging of the cylinder and the greater cooling thereof. This brings about a considerable improvement in the economy and a reduction in the fuel consumption.

In an engine operating on the six-stroke cycle according to this invention all or a portion of the air expelled from a cylinder during a blind stroke of its piston is employed for supercharging purposes. 'Preferably this air after it leaves the cylinder is cooled before it is employed as a supercharge and also means are provided for varying the amount of air which is used as a supercharge. Thus two out of the six piston not only to pass air through the cylinder for the purpose of cooling it but also to effect the delivery of a whole or a portion of this air as a supercharge to another cylinder during or at the end of the main charge suction stroke in that cylinder. As mentioned the temperature of the air is reduced by suitable means before it is employed as a supercharge, thi cooling being necessary owing to the temperature of the air having been raised during its passage through cooling agent. On leaving the cylinder after thus performing its cooling action the air is led through one or more thin metallic pipes or connections so shaped or disposed that they may be acted upon by the air passing over the engine or through which the engine passes. The air charge is in this Way so cooled that when added as a supercharge to the main charge it will not raise the temperature of the main charge or at an rate to an undesirable extent. In a multicylinder engine such valves and connections are provided between those cylinders which are the cylinder wherein'it acted as a I either themselves disposed in correct angucylinder. By this means the volume of air in each cylinder is so increased as to allow of a corresponding increase in the quantity of fuel and increased power is developed at the same time. By suitable proportioning of the compression and air content the heat to be dissipated can be efiectively controlled.

In aeronautical work when an aircraft is at such a height that the attenuation of the atmosphere is appreciable it is possible to increase the extent to which supercharging is employed in the engine. On the other hand for normal running of the engine at or near the earth it may be desirable to reduce the amount of the supercharge, as also when the engine is running at slower speeds and is throttled down in the usual way since in either case the inrush of the air constituting the supercharge may tend to so dilute the combustible mixture as to cause a misfire.

An engine constructed in accordance with this invention is therefore preferably provided with means for varying the amount of the supercharge which is added to the main charge.

Various devices may be employed for this purpose so that when the air charge leaves the first cylinder the whole or a variable portion of this charge can be permitted to enter the second cylinder wherein it is added to the main charge in that cylinder when a supercharge is required. Thus reduction of the compression of the working charge which may result from attenuation of the atmosphere surrounding the improved engine may be wholly or'partially compensated for by supplying to the working charge a suppleinentary charge of air under pressure and in such variable quantity as to prevent the power of the engine falling off unduly.

Some means may also be provided for varying the amount of air in the main charge before it is admitted to the cylinder so that on occasion if the supercharge tends to dilute .the combustible mixture unduly the main charge may be enriched. This control of the richness of the. main charge may be effected separately or combined with the supercharge control device.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate somewhat diagrammatically some examples of engines constructed in accordance with this invention,

Figure l is a sectional end elevation of a rotary engine with four cylinders radially disposed about the crank shaft.

Fig. 2 is an end elevation of an eight cylinder rotary engine.

Fig. 3 is a plan of an eight cylinder engine of the fixed type.

Fig. l is an end elevation of the same.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional elevation in the plane of the crank shaft axis illustrating a part of an eight cylinder engine,

images such as shown in Fig. 2, and more particularly one method of controlling the valves so as to efiect variation in the amount of the supercharge.

Fi 6 is an elevation of one of the adjustable cams employed in the construction shown in Fig. 5.

Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

Referring to Fig. 1 the cylinders A are mounted in some suitable known or other manner on the crank casing B being arranged so as to radiate from the crank shaft axis C. In the construction illustrated in this figure four cylinders only are shown as being more convenient for the explanation of the invention. One or more ports'A are formed in each cylinder toward its outer end and in such a position that they will be uncovered by the piston D when it is nearing the end of its outstroke as shown in cylinder No. 1 in Fig. 1. These ports open into an annular chamber E which surroundsthe cylinder A toward its open end. The chamber Emay be formed in one with the cylinder or as shown in Fig. 1 it is formed integral with the crank casing B. Leading into each chamber E is a pipe F which runs from the head of the next adjacent cylinder in the construction shown in Fig. 1. In the eight cylinder engine shown in Fig. 2, however, the pipes F in each case run between alternate cylinders as will be explained later.

y In the head of the cylinder A is an opening A which is controlled by a valve G and communicates with the end of the pipe F in some convenient way. Preferably the opening A is that through which the exhaust products of combustion pass from the cylinder and the valve G is the ordinary exhaust valve, some means being provided which allow the exhaust products to pass out into the air but permit the whole or a variable portion of the air charge to pass into the pipe F when this air is expelled from the cylinder. Various devices may be em ployed for this purpose so as to control and vary the amount of the supercharge. One such device is shown as applied to cylinder No. 1 in Fig. 1 and comprises a valve in the form of a disk G which is carried on the stem G of the valve G. On the head of the cylinder A around the opening or port A is disposed a tube or sleeve H which constitutes a short passage or chamber into which the exhaust opening A leads. The end of this sleeve H is open and forms a seating for the valve G and from an opening in the side of the chamber leads the pipe F. Opposit the end of the valve stem G is arranged a lever J which is so moved by cams as the cylinders rotate about the crank shaft that by this lever the valve stem G will be pushed inward against the action of a spring controlling it. The cam operating the lever J is so formed that the first movement imparted to the valve stem G is sufiicient to lift the valve G of]? its seat but not enough to bring the valve G on to its seat. The valves now occupy the position in which they are shown in cylinder N o. 3. The passage through the. port A and sleeve H is now open for the products of combustion to escape into th atmosphere during what may be termed the fourth stroke of the piston D. During the next or fifth stroke of the piston the valve G is still kept open to the same extent so that air can be drawn freely into the cylinder. At the next or sixth stroke of the piston however further inward move ment is imparted to the valve stem Gr sufiicient to bring the valve G down on its seat and thus close the opening to the atmosphere. The air contained in the cylinder is now compressed and passes through the pipe F into theother cylinder as soon as the piston in that cylinder has moved on its outstroke sufliciently far to uncover the ports A of that cylinder. The piston of this second cylinder is at this time. completing its first or charging stroke when the charge of combustible mixture has been drawn into the cylinder. Consequently at the end of this stroke the supercharge of air is added to the main charge and the piston then compresses this charge which is subsequently fired.

If it is desirable not to pass the whole of the air charge into another cylinder where it will act as supercharge, the movement of the valves G and G may be so varied that either the whole of the air charge will pass again into the atmosphere at the sixth stroke of the piston or by partially closing the valve G a certain amount of this air charge will be allowed to escape into the atmosphere while the remainder will pass as a supercharge of smaller volume into the other cylinder. The mechanism by means of which this variation may be effected in the amount of air passing as a supercharge from one cylinder to another may comprise different constructions which are operated as found desirable.

The valves which control the supercharge may be actuated in different ways which permit of the necessary variation or regulation of their movements. For example the cams operating the valves may be so arranged as to be adjustable the adjustment being effected directly or otherwise. Thus the supercharging cam may be so combmed with an exhaust cam that movement of the one with relation to the other will vary the duration of the full lift imparted to the valve G G by the conjoint operation of these cams through the lever J. A construction embodying this feature is 1llustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. In the preferred arrangement of radial engine constructed according to this invention the cylinders A directions.

and the crank shaft K revolve in opposite A fixed member L carries pinions L which gear on the one hand with an externally toothed ring K mounted on the crank shaft and on the other hand with an interna-lly toothed ring B mounted on the revolving casing B which carries the cylinders. The fixed member L is provided with a cylindrical part L on which are disposed the cams These are eight in number and operate the valves of all the eight cylinders. Four of these cams M control the inlet valves and four of them N control the exhaust and supercharging valves G G each cam operating two valves. larch of the cams N is formed in two parts tion, like the cams M, being fixed to the member L while a part N of each exhaust cam is loosely mounted on member N so as to be rotatable to a limited extent about the member L It will be seen by reference to Fig. 6 that the main operative part N of each exhaust cam is of a certain uniform height which acting through the rod J and lever J is sufficient to lift and maintain the valve G off its seat but not sufficient to seat the valve G. allows the exhaust gases or the air from the blind stroke to pass freely out of each cylinder A. The operative face of this cam is also provided with a portion N height which is suflicient to impart to the valve spindle G the additional movement necessary to bring the valve G on to its seat. In order to enable the. time to be varied during which this valve is maintained on its seat and so to vary the amount of air which passes from one cylinder into another as a supercharge the separate cam part N is rovided of the same height as the part 2 of the main cam and adjustable in relation to it. It will be apparent that by rotational movement of the part N the circumferential length of the higher portion of the whole cam can be increased or decreased. The end of the valve rod J is of sutlicient width to bear on both parts N and N each of which is conveniently half the width of the main part N of the cam.

All the adjustable parts N of the exhaust cams N are connected by one or more longitudinal keys or members N which also serve to couple these cam parts N to a toothed ring N loosely mounted on the fixed mem ber L The members N are cylindrical in shape and are loosely mounted on member L Thus by rotation of the ring N all the cam parts N can be moved simultaneously and relatively to the parts N which are fixed on the part L 'The movement of the part N may be effected in the following manner. On a cylindrical part B of the rotating crank casing 13 is mounted a toothed ring 0 which does not rotate with the part B but can be the main porof greater- As already explained this wil shifted about the latter to a limited extent by means of a lever 0' which projects through an opening L in a part of the fixed member L. This lever may be operated b worm gearing or otherwise so that it wil be locked in whatever position it is set. In a suitable bearing B mounted on the rotating crank casing B is carried a spindle P on each end of which are fixed gear wheels P P of equal size. The wheel P engages the toothed ring N while the wheel P gears with the ring O. One or more spindles P and gear wheels P P may be provided and while these spindles are all carried around by the crank case B as it rotates about the fixed member L the wheels P i 2 remain in mesh with the rings N and Q. Thus any rotational movement of the ring Q will be transmittedthrough the spindles P to the ring N so that the cam parts N can be thereby moved and set to bring about the delivery of the required amount of supercharge to each cylinder.

An engine constructed in accordance with this invention and having eight radial rotating cylinders is provided with four exhaust cams and four inlet control cams while four supercharging cams cooperate with the exhaust cams.

Alternatively the necessary variation in the amount of the supercharge may be brought about by suitable control of the air as it passes into the cylinder at the fifth or air suction stroke of the piston therein.

The cycle of operations performed by the engine illustrated in Fig. 1 may now be indicated. For convenience the cylinders will be respectively referred to by the numbers 1 to l reading clockwise as the engine is viewed in the drawing but it is to be noted that as indicated by the arrow the cylinders actually rotate in a counter clockwise direction about the crankshaft. The successive strokes of each piston and the functions performed during each of these strokes may be designated as follows :-The first stroke, in an outward direction, is the charging stroke when the main combustible charge is drawn into the cylinder. 1 he second stroke, in an inward direction, compresses the complete combustible charge. The third stroke, an outward one, occurs after the charge has been fired and while expansion is taking place. During the fourth stroke the exhaust products of combustion are expelled. The fifth stroke, an outward one, draws in the charge of air the whole or a part of which is subsequently used as a supercharge. During the sixth stroke this air charge is er;- pelled from the cylinder and passes wholly or partially thence into another cylinder.

In cylinder No. 1 as shown in Fig. 1, the valve 1G is closed and the piston has completed its first stroke and is about to commence its second stroke when the combuscompressed in the cylinder No. 4 is able to pass as a supercharge into the cylinder No. 1. Let it now be assumed that the valve G in cylinder No. 1 is open to the extent shown in cylinder No. 3 that is to say not sufiiciently to bring the valve G on to its seat. The gases in the cylinder can now escape freely to the atmosphere and. the piston may therefore be taken as having just completed its third stroke and about to commence its fourth stroke, when the products of combustion will be exhausted. The piston in cylinder No. 2 will then be performing its fifth stroke. In cylinder No. 3 the piston has just finished its sixth stroke and is about to begin its first stroke. In cylinder No. 4 the piston is performing its second stroke.

Finally let it be assumed that the valve G in cylinder No. 1 is fully open and the valve G on its seat. The cylinder is now filled with air as the piston may be taken to have just completed its fifth stroke and to be about to begin its sixth stroke when the air charge will be at first compressed and then forced along the pipe F into the cylinder No. 2. ln this latter cylinder the piston is now performing its first stroke. The piston in cylinder No. 3 has just finished its second stroke and is about to commence its third stroke. in cylinder No. l the piston is performing its fourth stroke.

it will thus be apparent that during the fifth and sixth strokes of the piston by suitable manipulation of the valves G and G or of other valves or convenient devices the amount of air which is allowed to pass into each cylinder as a supercharge may be varied or the supercharging can be stopped altogether. it will also be seen that by suitable disposition of the pipes l the air passing through these pipes can be cooled either by inducing a current of air to pass over the pipes or by the passage of the whole engine through the air as when employed on an aircraft. Also the cooling effect may be enhanced by suitable formation of the pipes 1 Turning now cylinder engine is shown it will be noted that the pipes F in this case lead from one cylinder to the chamber E of the next cylinder but one. This construction is in effect a duplication of the four cylinder engine shown in Fig. 1

l as the cylinders are grouped 1n fours the cylinders forming each group to Fig. 2 where an eight being disposed relatively at angles of 90 about the crank shaft axis. Hence the air charge from cylinder N o. 1 passes as a supercharge into cylinder No. 3 while the air charge from N o. 3 passes to No. 5, that'from No. 5 into No. 7 and finally the air charge from No. 7 to N0. 1.- Similarly the air charges from the cylinders Nos. 2, 4, 6 and 8 pass from one to the other of these 0 linders. If Fig. 2 is regarded as the front view of the engine as mounted on an aeroplane it will be seen that the disposition of the pipes F is favorable to the passage of air over these pipes so as to effect the desired cooling of the air as it passes through them. I

It will be understood that the ipe connections may be otherwise arranged between the cylinders, the number of which may vary provided that the cylinders thus connected by the pipes F are disposed in correct angular relation about the crank shaft axis so that the explosive charge drawn into each cylinder can receive a supercharge of air from another cylinder, the Valves or other control devices being preferably so arranged that the amount of this supercharge can be varied.

The engine illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.- is of the fixed cylinder type. The cylinders are arranged in groups of four and all the cylinders in a group are disposed withtheir axes in the same plane relatively to the crank shaft. The pipe connections F for conveyance of the supercharges lead from one cylinder in a group to the next adjacent cylinder in that group except that the pipe F leading from the cylinder at one end of the row is carried to the chamber E of the cylinder at the other end of the group row. The cranks to which are connected the pistons in the cylinders forming a group, are disposed in correct angular relation so that each cylinder will in turn receive a supercharge as and when determined by the supercharge control mechanisms. The groups of cylinders may be relatively arranged as found desirable with respect to the crank shaft axis.

It is sometimes customary in eight cylinder rotary engines to arrange that the firing of the charges in the cylinders does not take place consecutively but in cylinders which are equally spaced apart as for example in cylinders taken in the following order :1, 4, 7, 2, 5, 8 and so on. In applying the present invention to an engine so arranged the valves and connections between the cylinders are such thatone group of cylinders equally spaced apart for example Nos. 1, a and 7 are coupled to another group equally spaced apart such as 2, 5 and 8 so that the explosive charge drawn into a cylinder in one group receives a supercharge of air from a cylinder in another group from which latter cylinder this air is ex pelled at the sixth or equivalent stroke of its piston. 7

It is to be noted that whereas the supercharge; has mainly been referred to above, chiefly for convenience of description, as being comprised of air only, yet in some cases to which the invention is applicable it may be convenient or desirable to employ a combustible mixture. It is to be understood therefore that the use of a charge of such mixture may be used in place of air, only and the appended claims are to be interpreted accordingly.

The details of construction may be varied in accordance with requirements.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, and valve controlled conduits between the cylinders so arranged that air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein is conveyed to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge as set forth.

2. In an internal combustion, engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, valve controlled conduits between the cylinders so arranged that air expelled from one cyl inder during a blind stroke of the piston therein-is conveyed to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge, and means for cooling the air passing through the conduits as set forth.

3. In an internal combustion engine operating on thesix stroke cycle the combina tion of a plurality of cylinders, valve controlled conduits between the cylinders' so arranged that air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein is conveyed to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge, and means for varying the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from one cylinder to another as set forth.

4. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, valve c011- trolled conduits between the cylinders so arranged that air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein is conveyed to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge, means for cooling the air passing through the, conduits, and means for varying the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from one cylinder to another as set forth.

5. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, and valve controlled conduits between the cylinders so arranged that air expelled from one cyl inder during a blind stroke of the piston therein 18 conveyed to another, cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge, the con-- duits being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a cooling eii'ect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them as set forth.

6. In an internal combustion engine 0P? crating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, valve controlled conduits between the cylinders so arranged that air expelled from one cylinder during a. blind stroke of the piston therein is conveyed to another cylinder in Which it constitutes a supercharge the conduits being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a cooling effect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them, and means for varying the amount of air which passes as a. supercharge from one cylinder to another as set forth.

7. in an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, a valve controlled exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, and a plurality of conduits each leading from the exhaust port in one cylinder to the said inlet-ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in Which it constitutes a supercharge as set forth.

8. ln an internal combustion engine operatinaon the six stroke cycle the combination or a plurality of cylinders, a valve controlled exhaust port in the head of each cylnder, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, a plurality of conduits each leading from the exhaust port in one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge, and means for varying the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from one cylinder to another as set forth. v

9. in an internal combustion engine opcrating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, a valve controlled exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder. and a plurality of conduits each leading from the exhaust port in one cylinder to the inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey theair expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge the conduits also being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a cooling effect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them as set forth.

10. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, a valve controlled exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, a plurality of conduits each leading from the exhaust ports in one cylinder to the inlet ports in another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge the conduits also being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a cooling effect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them, and means for varying the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from one cylinder to an other as set forth.

11. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination 01": a plurality of cylinders, a valve controlled exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, a chamber into which this exhaust port opens, a valve controlled port leading from this chamberto the atmosphere, inlet ports in the length ,of each cylinder, and a plurality of conduits each leading from the said exhaust chamber of one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke or the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge as set forth.

12. in an internal combustion engine op erating on the six stroke cycle thecombination of a plurality of cylinders, a valve controlled exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, a chamber into Which this exhaust port opens, a valve controlled port leading from this chamber to the atmosphere, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, a plurality of conduits each leading from the said exhaust chamber of one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge, and means for varying the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from each exhaust chamber through a conduit to another cylinder as set forth.

13. In an internal combustion engine operating on the s'x stroke cycle the combination o1 a plurality of cylinders, a valve controlled exhaust port in'the head of each cylinder. a chamber into Which this exhaust port opens, a valve controlled port leading from this chamber to the atmosphere, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, and a plurality of conduits each leading from the said exhaust chamber of one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge the conduits also being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a cooling effect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them as set forth.

14. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, a valve controlled exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, a chamber into which this exhaust port opens, a Valve controlled port leading from this chamber to the atmosphere, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, a plurality of conduits each leading from the said exhaust chamber of one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge the conduits also being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a cooling effect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through'them,

and means for varying the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from each exhaust chamber through a conduit to another cylinder as set forth.

15. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, an exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, a chamber into which this exhaust port opens, a port leading from this chamber to the atmosphere, a valve controlling each of said exhaust orts, a valve controlling each of said ports eading to the atmosphere, a spindle on which said valves are mounted in pairs the valves being constructed and arranged so that they are respectively seated by movements on the spindle in opposite directions so that when one valve is on its seat the other is lifted and both can also be simultaneously maintained off their seats, means for imparting movement to the spindle and operating the valves, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, and a plurality of conduits each leading from the said exhaust chamber of one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge as set forth.

16. In an internal combustion engine operatin on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, an exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, a chamber into which this exhaust port opens, a port leading from this chamber to the atmosphere, a valve controlling each of said exhaust ports, a valve controlling each of said ports leadingvto the atmosphere, at spindle on which said valves are mounted in pairs the valves being constructed and arranged so that they are respectively seated by movements of the spindle in opposite directions so that when one valve is on its seat the other is lifted and both can also be simultaneously maintained off their seats, means for imparting movement to the spindle and operating the valves, means for varying this movement and the operation of the valves so as to vary the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from one cylinder to another, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, and a plurality of conduits each leading from the said exhaust chamber of one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge as set forth.

17. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, an exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, a chamber into which this exhaust port opens, a port leading from this chamber to the atmosphere, a valve controlling each of said exhaust ports, a valve controlling each of said ports leading to the atmosphere, a spindle on which said valves are mounted in pairs the valves being constructed and arranged so that they are respectively seated by movements of the spindle in opposite directions so that when one valve is on its seat the other is lifted and both can also be simultaneously maintained off their seats, means for imparting movement to the spindle and operating the valves, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, and a plurality of conduits each leading from the said exhaust chamber of one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge the con duits also being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a cooling effect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them as set forth.

18. In an internal combustion .engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders, an exhaust port in the head of each cylinder, a chamber into which this exhaust port opens, a port leading from this chamber to the atmosphere, a valve controlling each of said exhaust ports, a valve controlling each of new said ports leading to the atmosphere, a. spindle on which said valves are mounted in pairs the valves being constructed and arranged so that they are respectively seated by movements of the spindle in opposite directions so that when one valve is on its seat the other is lifted and both can also be simultaneously maintained oil their seats, means for imparting movement to the spindle and operating the valves, means for varying this movement and the operation of the valves so as to vary the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from one cylinder to another, inlet ports in the length of each cylinder, and a plurality of conduits each leading from the said exhaust chamber of one cylinder to the said inlet ports of another cylinder these conduits serving to convey the air expelled from one cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein to another cylinder in which it constitutes a supercharge the conduits also being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a cooling effect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them as set forth.

19. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the com- Y bination of a plurality of cylinders the pistons in which operate on a common crank shaft in such angular relation that the cylin ders can be coupled in pairs so that when the piston in one cylinder of a pair is performing a blind stroke and expelling air the piston in the other cylinder of the pair is performing its charging stroke, and valve controlled conduits coupling the cylinders in such pairs each conduit serving to convey air when expelled from the one cylinder to the other cylinder of the pair in which it constitutes a supercharge as set forth.

20. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six-stroke cycle the combination of a plurality of cylinders the pistons 111 which operate on a common crank shaft in such angular relation that the cylinders can be coupled in pairs so that when the piston in one cylinder of a pair is performing a blind stroke and expelling air the piston in the other cylinder of the pair is performing its charging stroke, and valve controlled conduits coupling the cylinders in such pairs each conduit serving to convey air when expelled from one cylinder to the other cylinder of the pair in which it constitutes a supercharge the conduits being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise a .cooling effect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them as set forth. 21. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle the combinaplura ity of cylinders the pistons arch operate on a common crank sha'ft in such angular relation that the cylinders can he coupled in pairs so that when the piston in one cylinder of pair is performing a blind stroke and expelling air the piston in the other cylinder of the pair is performing its charging stroke, valve controlled conduits coupling the cylinders in such pairs each conduit serving to convey air when expelled from the one cylinder to the other cylinder of the pair in which it constitutes a supercharge, and means for varying the amount o1 air which passes as a supercharge from one cylinder to another as set forth.

22. in an internal combustion engine op erating on the six stroke cycle the c0mbination of a plurality of cylinders the pistons in which operate on a common crank shaft in such angular relation that the cylinders can be coupled in pairs so that when the piston in one cylinder of a pair is performing a blind stroke and expelling air the piston in the other cylinder of the pair is performing its charging stroke, valve controlled conduits coupling the cylinders in such pairs each conduit serving to convey air when expelled from one cylinder to the other cylinder of the pair in which it constitutes a supercharge the conduits being disposed between the cylinders so that air passing over the engine will exercise cooling eidect on the conduits and on the air charges passing through them, and means for varying the amount of air which passes as a supercharge from one cylinder to another as set forth.

23. In an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle, in which air is compressed and expelled during a blind stroke of the engine, means for utilizing such compressed air as supercharge at the termination of a succeeding charging period, and means for cooling such air prior to its re-admission.

24:. in an internal combustion engine operating on the six stroke cycle, the combination with a plurality of cylinders, each having a piston therein, of means for utilizing as a supercharge in each cylinder air expelled from a cylinder during a blind stroke of the piston therein, and means for cooling such air prior to its admission asa supercharge.

ln witness whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALAN ERNEST LElllPR-EC CHORLTON. l fitnesses ARCZ-IIBALD Joni: FRENCH,

BEN-7. B. Reruns.