US1317077A - Apparatus for making gasolene from crude oil. - Google Patents

Description

F. DANCWAHD APPARATUS 50H mme (momma FROM CHUDF. on.

APPLCATION FILED AUGJ?. 19W.

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y P. DANCKVVARDT. APPARATUS Foa MAAAAG eAsoLENE mom cam on.

APPLICATION .FILED AUG27| 91?.

laened Sept. 23, MM5.

2 SHEETS-SHEET i6 ca king at the temperature or the furnace. As an example, the following proportions connection Qi, a .charge consisting of a mate rial rich in aluminium oxid (bauxite, etci) and carbon (coke 'graphite ete.) metal chlorid, one or more metals or metal oxide (iron, nickel, zinc, lead', antimony, titanium, calcium, magnesium or other suitable ones) the chloridel of which are easily decomposed by heat in l the presence of hydrogen or steam'. The charge ought to contain a high percentage of carbon so as to prevent it from may be employed: 85% of carbon, 540% of kmetal chlorid, and 5-10% of metal or metal oXid. I then ignite some'wood and charcoal ontop of the charge 'and having started the/blower connected with the pipev 20, let the blast play on the burning charge. `When it is Well ablaze, I close valve 2l and begin. the operation of the elevator. This fills pipelll with the-charge. Thevalve 2l being closed, the' blast is mostly forced downward through the charge and 'if container 24 has been about half filled with oil previ; ously, the hot gases are forced through the oil byway of the pipe 30. As {S0-85% of the charge consists of coke, the gases will y not contain any dangerous amount of oxygen, as they have topassthrough a loiig column of glowing coke which eXe-rts its reducing eiect on them. In ashort time, the charge inl is brought to redness and the oil in 2l commences to boil. Whenthis point has been reached, I lower the blast or out it out altogether and start the dynamo all connections having been made beforehand. The temperature soon rises to such adegrce, that decomposition of vthe chlorids will bef gin, iron chlorid 'for instance breaking up into chlorin and ironand with any moisture present, forms hydrochloric acid and iron. At the 'same time, the current reduces some of the aluminium oXid. *The liberv ted 'aluminium may or may not become alloyed with the iron or any other metal present. This depends on the amount of current and heat employed. l aim at `just reducing part of the aluminium oXid and regulating the .current and distance of the 'electrodes and the'speed of the elevator accordingly.

- While the elevator is continually'withdrawing charge from the bottom and dumping it into the top of the furnace or still, i" start pump' 26 and 4set valves and. 33 so that a good stream of oil is directed through 2T upon the hot descending charge at the bottom of 1. Soon the charge now containing principally reduced metal and carbon With the chlorids and hydrochloric acid intermingled with it, reaches the level of the foot of the elevator Where it meets the. stream of oil. Under the cooling effect of the oil,

:the hydrochloric acid gas recombines with' the metals, reforming chlorids of the 'metidam Chlorid ci aluminium, however, is formed tgradually die la and the elevator into compartment 3 charge which is able to escape through the 4 screen 28 are conveyed to the Here the ascending uit gases meets the descendi 3' and line charge. At the 'temperature existing there, Yvery ifaif'orafole for tue formation olf chlorids, the reina' g free hydrochloric acid combines with the metals forming more cliloiids and completes the process olf addition of hydrogen, These chlorids, together container 24.

with carbon and oXid of aluminium and oil are continually sucked offthrough pump'4 26 and partially discharged into 3 through pipe 27, partly through pipe 25 back into container 2l. it the Sametime the elevator carries all the coarser charge together with some line charge and as oil 'as ma)r adhere to the charge into the tcp ot the .still if. :lere it descends gradually and itnieets an increasing ltemperature the oil ..s escaping through pipe 'where it iningles with the rest of the vapor formed at the point oiA junction of 'the' descending ch` ige and the 'oil injected through pipe 27. l aim to regulate 'the resistance to the passage oi' the vapor so that only a small part or' any oil vapor formed above the hot zene is :forced through it, because the high temperature between 'the electric poles would destroy a large part of it and break it up into carbon and hydrogen.' The charge, in descending, therefore, ought to reach the hot zone ivliere the chlorids, orined in the cooler parte oi1 the apparatus, are again decomposed, 'free of oil. -lioni this point on, the reactions tollenrv again then in the saine order as stated above.

Hence We can perceive that continually fresh aluminium chlorid is formed beginning :it the hottest point of the still, While the other chloride are formed only in those parts of the apparatus where oil is present in suilicient quanti y tol cool 'the lcharge down to the roei this great diffe red point. For there is mation of 'the dille e with regard to the forieit chlorids. Aluminium forms its rlilord best at a liie'h ,tezng'ierwture, and it is not necessary at all first, to

`reduc-e the oXid to the metallic state by means oit the currentlf the temperature i vapor and` mixture of oily dry that is in a state.

lili

elevator continually. Such. spent c d ha.

become hydmcd, that ig. it has oxygen and hydrogen fram @my vm Lainod 3-2 -he fy. This hydmzed Moria i1 1 LLC/ `1 y edu ltac staimay by aoying Wlh Rabais present, @scape with l ein dmvnwz. 'to ih@ Zone, Whey@ the oil enf/ers an@ gli the metals; are dsintgrme form chmds.

As to the amount of 'air d i Y* n 3G owd to ve bm'n into 'Ehe st combusbion :15nd 'thus assist ich@ cu heating' he charge, W sav t.' ,tc interfere to Some degree. so

midizes 'bhe carbon poles if '530G- 53" Quanmty mf zur 1s employed. H,

e aopazums is hina enoijgh educt'on, k o'ny nteyfems w'izh mate couensation of the gasnlena The, container 24: preferto buik?. high and 'llvt only abut ha with @L @It WQ containers in series may ne used. n -hs Way, cm1 regfuate h@ pmss that ha 'temperature :it 5 Guile?, 3i Tis@ much labove i500 n Y y be A. r `l T11@ pymes. Trier@ usci comprising a still provided with electrodes, meant; for transferrinf? material from 'the lower portion of the Still tothe upper por V tion thereof, a Container located exterior-1y of the still, connections extending from the lower end of the stillto the lower portion and the upper portion. respectively of the container, a screen located in the still between said connections and the transferring 10 means, and an additional Connection leading still.

Leim?? from the container to the still at a'point lied tween its upper portion and the ower'end of the transferring meant.4

5. An apparatus of the class described comprising an upright still, superposed 15 horizontal electrodes projecting into said still, and a container connected With'said PAUL DANCKvsifaenfr.I

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