US1314246A - clark - Google Patents

Description

RRRRRRRRR APPLICATION FILED DEC.4, 19M. Patented Aug 4 SHE; TTTTTTTT I.

I II

I 'i li Y w U 30 IIIIIIII I I A IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 0.! E. CLARK. L

ROCK DRILL.

APPLICATION FILED BECA. 1314. 1,314,246. Patented Aug. 26,1919.

v 4SHEETS-SHEET 2. Y f\ 1V r v/ l L/ 5 x /r T z1 N 0. E. CLARK.

RocK DRILL.

APPLICATION rlLzuvnEc. 4, 1914. Patented Aug. 26,1919" 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3. l

O. E. CLARK. RoK DRILL.

Patented Aug. 26,1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ILlIl.

H n l@ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIOE.

OMAR E. CLARK, OF DENVER, COLORADO, ASSKIGNOR TO THE DENVER ROCK DRILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, 0F DENVER, COLORADO, A CORPORATION OF DELA- WARE.

ROCK-DRILL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug'. 26, 1919.

Application led December 4, 1914. Serial N o. 875,465.

To all 'Lv/tom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, OMAR E. CLARK, ar

citizen of the United States, residinfr at Denver, in the county of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented new and useful Improvements in Rock-Drills, .ofwhich the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to drilling4 apparatus of the hammer type, and in a specific sense, to that in which a valveless motor is employed, together with means forautomatically rotating the tool-holding chuck from the piston.

Considerable diiiculty has developed in producing a valveless machine that will effect the automatic rotation. This is primarily forv the reason that rwith a valve-v n piston, with the result that there is a gradual reduction of the amount of movement of the piston until a point is reached when an' elfective blow is not struck, and the tool isv not rotated. y

One of the primary objects of the invention is to provide an effective mechanism that is not open to these objections, 4will strike a powerful blow, and is economical in the consumption of motive-Huid.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a plan view of the tool.A

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view therethrough, .with the piston at the end of its forward or working stroke. A A

Fig. 3 is a similar view, with the piston in its rear position.

Fig. L is a cross sectional view on the line 1 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of the machine.

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view on the line v 6 6 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is a detail sectional view on the line 7-7 of Fig. 4.

Fig. Sis a perspective view of one of the feathers for holding the piston against rotation.

Figs. 9 and 10 are longitudinal sectional views, illustrating the relation of the ports when the piston is in different positions.

Figs. 11 and l2 are, respectively, cross sectional views on the lines 11-11 and 12`12 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of the piston.

Figs 14, 15 and 16 are detail perspective views of the ratchet mechanism and the chuck, with portions broken away, to illustrate the internal construction thereof.

Fig. 17 is an end elevation of the pawlcarrying ring.

Fig. 18 is a sectional view therethrough on the line 18-18 of Fig. 17.

Similar reference numerals designate corresponding parts in all the figures of the drawings.

In the embodiment disclosed, a cylinder member is employed, comprising a barrel or body A19 having a .bore 20, in which is slidably mounted a reciprocatory piston 21. The said cylinder barrel also has an enlarged bore 22 in rear of the bore 20 and in direct communication therewith. A spacing block 23 is located upon the front end of the barrel 19, and constitutes in effect a head for the same, this block having a reduced bore 24 therethrough, and having mounted on its front end a chuck casing 25. Located upon the rear end of the barrel 19 is a lubricant reservoir 26, and abutted against the sameV is the integral flange 27 of a supply tube 28, hereinafter described. This flange 27 is clamped against the reservoir 26 by a rear head plate 29, and all the above parts are secured in position by side bolts 30, which pass through the head plate 29 and through ears 31 formed upon the rear portion of the chuck casing 25.

The piston 21 is provided with a forwardly extending projection 32 of less diameter than said piston, said piston is furthermore provided with an internal constant pressure chamber 33 having a reduced rear bore 34; that opens through its rear end. The tube 28 is slidably engaged in said bore 34, and its front end opens into the chamber 33, said tube constituting means for conveying fluid under pressure to the constant pressure chamber 33 and maintaining it therein. The tube 28 is supplied from any suitable source. In the embodiment disclosed, a nipple 35 is shown connected to the head plate 29, havinv a bore 36 communicating with a chamber 37 formed in said plate 29, which chamber is in communica-tion with the tube 2S. A hose may be connected to the nipple 35 in the usual manner, and a throttle valve 38 for controlling the supply is located in said nipple.

For the purpose of distributing the fluid under pressure from the chamber 33 to opposite faces of the piston, forwardly inclined ports 39 open from the front portion of the chamber 33, through the walls of the piston, and the outer ends of these ports are movable into and out .of communication with enlargements 40 formed in the front portions of the cylinder walls. Rear-wardly extending ports 41 also open from the rear portion of the constant pressure chamber 33, through the walls of the piston, and these ports are movable into and out of communication with the enlarged chamber or bore 22. The exhaust takes place through longitudinal passageways 42 formed in the cylinder walls, said passageways having spaced ports 43 and 44 opening into the piston chamber. The rear ports 43 are arranged to have communication with the chamber 22, through grooves 45 cut longitudinally in the rear portion of the piston, and the ports 44 are uncovered and covered by the front end of the piston during its reciprocation.

Brie-fly described, the operation of the machine as thus far set forth is as follows. If fluid under pressure is supplied to the internal pressure chamber 33, and assuming the parts are in the position sho-wn in Figs. 3 and 9, it will be evident that the fluid will escape from the chamber 33, through the ports 41 into the Chamber 22, and thus operate aga-inst the rear face of the piston. In addition there will, of course, be pressure against the front wall of the internal chamber 33, and the piston will be driven forwardly. During this forward movement the exhaust in advance of the piston can take place through the ports 44 and passageways 42. As the piston advances, the ports 44 will be covered, and the exhaust thus cut off, as shown in Fig. 10. At the same time, the grooves 45 will open communication between the chamber 22 and the ports 43, so that an exhaust can take place therein in rear of the piston chamber. Vhen the parts are in this position, the ports 39 will be in communication with the enlargements 40, and consequently fluid under pressure will enter the front end of the piston chamber in advance of the piston. The piston will now be driven rearwardly, and as this operation is repeated, the piston will, of.

course, reciprocate with rapidity.

The following mechanism is employed for securing the rotation of the tool. Said tool, a portion of which is shown at 46, may be of any well known character, and is detaehably'mounted in a rotatable chuck sleeve 47. This chuck sleeve has a rear outstanding flange 48, which operates against an in` ternal shoulder 49 in the chuck casing 25, said shoulder thus preventing longitudinal forward displacement of the sleeve. The said flange has on its rear face a plurality of teeth 50, shown more particularly in Fig. 16, and an extension ring 51, located in rear of the chuck sleeve and interposed between the same and the spacing block 23, is provided with forwardly projecting teeth 52 that are interlocked with the teeth 50. The extension, therefore, while readily detachable, is held against relative rotation with respect to said sleeve, as will be obvious. This ring 51 is provided with an internal series of ratchet teeth 53. Rotatably mounted within the ring 51 is a pawl-carrying ring 54 having hub portions 55, one of which is jo-urnaled in an inturned flange 56 formed in the front end of the ring 51, the other being rotatably mounted in the front end of the spacing block 23. The ring 54 is provided with a plurality of tangential slots 57, in which are slidably mounted pawls 58 that are urged outwardly by suitable springs 59 located behind them. The outer ends of these pawls 58 cooperate with the ratchet teeth 53. The bore of the ring 54 is provided with a plurality of spiral feathers 60 that are slidably engaged with spiral grooves 61 formed longitudinally in the face of thev reduced extension 32 of the piston.

The body of the piston is also provided with longitudinal straight grooves 62, in which are engaged feathers 63 detachably secured to the inner face of the cylinder barrel 19. To this end, said feathers are provided with outstanding portions 64 lthat project through openings formed in the barrel 19 and have holding nuts 65 threaded on their projecting ends. The feathers 63 are furthermore held against lateral oscillation or displacement by dowel pins 66 carried thereby and engaged in sockets 67 formed in the walls of the cylinder barrel 19.

By referring to Fig. 4, it will be noted that the feathers 63 with their ygrooves 62, the grooves 45 and the ports 39 and 41 are spaced equidistant aro-und the piston, so that they do not interfere with one another, andthe danger of leakage is reduced to a minimum.

It is thought that the operation of the above described portion of the mechanism can now be made clear. Assuming the piston in operation, as above described, it will also be noted that said piston is positively held against rotation, or in other words, has a rectilinear movement. As the extension moves forward, it will strike a blow against the tool 46. During the forward movement, the feathers 60 engaged in the spiral grooves 61 in the piston extension will cause the pawl-carrying ring 54 to partially rotate, and the pawls 58 engaging with the ratchet teeth 53 will effect a corresponding movement of the extension ring 51, and consequently of the chuck sleeve 47. This movement will furthermore be transmitted to the tool. On the return movement, the pawl-carrying ring 54 will be turned in the opposite direction, and the pawls willvride over the teeth 53. The piston thus will, through the medium of the ratchet mechanism, effect a step-by-step rotation of the chuck and the tool located therein.

As heretofore pointed out, one of the serious difficulties in eecting an automatic rotation from the iston of a valveless hammer has been the di culty of securing sufficient power to carry the piston across its dead center when the frictional resistance of the rotating mechanism is added to that -of the other parts. One of the important features of the present case is the provision of means which aids materially in overcoming this difficulty. This means is preferably constructed as follows: The rear end of the piston 21 is provided with a reduced extension 68 that passes across the enlarged bore or chamber 22 and is arranged to enter a pocket 69 formed in the rear head member 26, the rear wall of said pocket being formed by an enlargement 7 0 of the tube 28, which enlargement terminates short of the inner end of the head 26. By reference to Fig. 9, it will be noted that the distributing ports 41 are solocated at a distance from the rear end of the extension 68 that they will be uncovered during the rear stroke of the piston before the extension 468 enters the pocket 69.

It will also be clear, particularly by reference to Fig. 10, that the distributing ports 41 will be closed on the forward stroke of the motor before the exhaust ports 43 are opened by the grooves 45.

It will thus be seen that on the rearward stroke of the piston, the ports 41 .are opened early enough to allow the reservoir chamber 22 and the pocket 69 to fill with fluid under initial pressure before the extension 68 enters the said pocket 69. Consequently when it does enter said pocket, it operates against Huid under initial or nearly initial pressure to start with, and it will be obvious that this pressure will run up very high by the time the piston comes to a stop. It is therefore immediately given an impulse in the forward direction, and at the point where the extension 68 leaves the pocket 69, the speed is much greater than it was at the time it entered. This is for the reason that in addition to this extremely high pressure acting on the extension which has entered the cushion pocket there 1s also initial pressure act- Aing on the remainder of the rear face of the mer at the beginning of its stroke, and the piston speed is increased at every point in the forward stroke by the expansion of the motive Huid in the reservoir 22, so that it not only has inertia sufficient to carry it over the dead center, but also to deliver a proper blow and effect the rotation of the chuck and drill bit. The parts 68 and 69 therefore perform two functions, namely, a cushioned stop to the hammer with minimum jar and vibration and greatly adds speed and power to the piston. l

From t-he foregoing, it is thought that the construction, operation and many advantages of the herein described invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without further description, and it will be understood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion and minor details of construction maybe resorted to withoutdeparting from the spirit or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention. f

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member and a piston having a back and forth movement therein, of means for permitting the exhaust from the cylinder member alternately on opposite sides of the piston, means independent of the exhaust permitting means for supplying motive fluid to the cylinder member alternately on opposite sides of the piston and including motive fluid conducting means carried by the piston and moving wtherewith beyond the exhaust .permitting vmeans but out of line with the same, and

means for holding the piston against turning in the cylinder member to prevent said piston carried conducting means from communicating with the exhaust permitting means.

2. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member and a piston having a back and forth movement therein, of means for permitting the exhaust from the cylinder member alternately on opposite sides of the piston, means independent of the exhaust permitting ine-ans for supplying motive fluid to the cylinder member alternatively on opposite sides of the vpiston and including motive fluid conducting means-carried by the piston and moving therewith beyond the exhaust permitting means but out of line with the same, drill bit rotating means engaged with and operated by the piston on its back and forth movement, and means for holding the piston against turning in the cylinder member, to prevent said piston carried conducting means from communicating with the exhaust permitting means and securing the rotation of the drill operating means by said piston.

3. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member having a 1piston chamber, of a reciprocatory hammer piston operating therein and comprising a head operating in the piston chamber, said head having a reduced exten sion, a rotary tool holding chuck, means between the extension and chuck and slidably engaged by the former for effecting the rotation of the latter, means for holding the piston to a fixed path comprising a groove in the peripheral portion of the piston head that terminates short of one end of the same, leaving a smooth peripheral end portion to said head that has a sliding lit in the piston chamber, and an inwardly extending feather carried by the cylinder member and engaging in said groove.

l. In apparatus of the character set forth, the .combination With a cylinder member and a reciprocatory hammer piston operating therein and comprising a head having areduced extension, said extension having a continuous set of, spiral grooves and ribs around its periphery, the ribs being generally of the cross sectional shape and size of the grooves of a chuck, chuck rotating means including a ring surrounding the extension and having a continuous internal set of corresponding grooves and ribs coacting with the grooves and ribs of the extension, and a feather carried by the cylinder member, said piston h( ving a groove that receives the feather to hold said piston to a fixed path, the said piston groove terminating short of one end of the piston and said end having a smooth unobstructed lit in the cylinder.

In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination With a cylinder member, of a reciprocatory piston operating therein and having an internal constant pressure chamber provided With a front constant pressure face formed upon the piston, means for constantly supplying liuid under pressure to the chamber, sets of ports for respectively supplying fluid from the constant pressure chamber to opposite ends of the piston and for exhausting the same from said ends, said sets being located in diierent longitudinally and axially disposed planes, and means for holding the piston to a predetermined path of movement and thereby preventing the supply and exhaust ports from being broughtinto the same relative planes.

6. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member, of a reciprocatory ypiston Operating therein and having an internal constant pressure chamber provided with a front constant pressure face formed upon the piston, means for constantly supplying liuid under pressure to the chamber, ports in the piston Walls for respectively supplying fluid from the constant pressure chamber to opposite ends of the piston, ports in the cylinder Walls and out 0f line with the piston ports for exhausting the fluid from the ends of the piston, and means for holding the piston to a predetermined path of movement and preventing the supply and exhaust ports from being brought into the same relative planes.

7. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member, of a reciprocatory piston operating therein and having an internal constant pressure chamber `provided with a front constant pressure face formed upon the piston, means for supn plying fluid under pressure to the constant pressure chamber, a chuck, means for effecting the automatic rotation of the chuck from the piston, means for distributing the fluid from the constant pressure chamber to reciprocate the piston, and means for insuring the continuously repeated full operative strokes of the piston by the fluid so distributed to deliver hammer1 blows to a bit placed in the chuck While effecting rotation of the chuck.

8. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination With a cylinder member, of a reciprocatory piston operating therein and having an internal constant pressure chamber provided with a front oonstant'pressure face formed upon the piston, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to the constant pressure chamber, a chuck, a feather engagement between the cylinder member and piston, passageways communicating With the constant pressure chamber and controlled by the movement of the piston when guided by the feather engagement for supplying fluid from the chamber to opposite faces of the piston to reciprocate the same, and means having a feather engagement With the piston to effect the rotation of the chuck.

9. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member, of a reciprocatory piston operating therein and having an internal constant pressure cham ber, means for supplying fluid under pressure to the constant pressure chamber, said piston having a projection of reduced diameter on its front end, means engaged with the body 0f the lpiston for holding it against rotation, means cooperating When the piston is held against rotation, for distributing the iuid under pressure in the constant pressure chamber to reciprocate the piston, a ratchet chuck, and ratchet mechanism engaged With the reduced portion of the piston for effecting a stepby-step rotation of the chuck.

10. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member having a piston chamber, of a reciprocatory piston member therein, one of said members having a cushion pocket in communication with the piston chamber, the other having a Iportion that enters the pocket, means for introducing fluid under pressure into the piston chamber and pocket prior tothe entrance of the said portion thereinto, and drill bit rotating mechanism driven by the piston.

11. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member having a piston chamber and a reduced rear pocket opening into the same, of a reciprocatory piston operating in the piston chamber and having a reduced rear extension movable into and out of the pocket, means for exhausting the motive uid from the piston chamber in rear of the piston during the latters rearward stroke, means for introducing iuid into the chamber in rear of the piston prior to the entrance of the extension into the pocket, whereby said extension traps fluid under substantially initial pressure when it enters the pocket, and drill bit rotating` mechanism driven by the piston.

12. In apparatus y0f the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member having a piston chamber, of a reciprocatory piston member therein, one of said members having a cushion pocket in communication with the piston chamber, the other having a portion that enters the pocket, means for introducing Huid under pressure into the piston chamber and pocket prior to the entrance of the said portion thereinto, a rotatable tool holding chuck, and means for rotating said chuck from the piston.

13. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member having a piston chamber and a reduced rear pocket opening into the same, of a reciprocatory piston operating in the piston chamber and having a reduced rear extension movable into and out of the pocket, means for exhausting the motive fluid from the' piston chamber in rear of the piston during the latters rearward stroke, means 'for introducing fluid into the chamber in rear of the piston prior to the entrance of the extension into the pocket, whereby said extension traps fluid under substantially initial pressure when it enters the pocket, a rotatable tool holding chuck, and means for effecting an automatic step-by-step lrotation of the same from the piston on the forward stroke of said piston.

14. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member having a piston chamber and a reduced rear pocket opening into the same, of a reciprocatory piston operating in the piston chamber and having a reduced rear extension movable into and out of the pocket, and an enlargement or reservoir pocket for the storage of expansive motive Huid, means for exhausting the motive fiuid from the piston chamber in rear of the piston at the end of the latters forward stroke, means for introducing fluid into the chamber in rear of the piston prior to the entrance of the extension into the pocket, wherebyl said extension traps fluid under substantial initial pressure when itenters the pocket, a rotatable tool holding chuck, and means for effecting an automatic step-by-step rotation of the same from the piston on the forward stroke of said piston.

15. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member and a piston operating therein and having a groove terminating short of one end thereof, said piston comprising a head and a reduced portion projecting therefrom, of means carried by the cylinder member and engaged in the groove of the head for holding the piston against oscillatory and rotary motion while permitting its reciprocation, the grooveless end portion of the head having a smooth sliding fit in the cylinder mem- S5 ber, means carried by the piston and cylinder member and maintained in coacting relation by the piston holding means for alternately delivering motive Huid to and exhausting it from opposite surfaces of the head, a rotary chuck for holding the tool, said reduced portion operating in the tool, and means engaged with the reduced porktion for rotating the chuck.

16. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder meinber having a piston chamber provided with. front and rear internal recesses, of a reciprocatory piston operating in the chamber between the recesses, means in the piston alternately communicating with the recesses for distributing motive fluid therethrough to opposing faces on the piston, an exhaust port opening into the chamber ,between the recesses and out of line therewith. and means for holding the piston against turning to prevent the distributing means in the piston communicating with the exhaust port.

17. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member having a piston chamber provided with front and rear internal recesses, of a reciprocatory hammer piston operating in the chamber between the recesses and including a head having a reduced extension, means in the piston head alternately communicating with the recesses for distributing motive fluid therethrough to opposing faces on the head, an exhaust port opening into the piston chamber between the recesses and out of line therewith, and a feather engagement between the cylinder member and head to hold the latter from turning and thereby preventing the distributing means in the piston communicating with the exhaust port.

18. In apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member having a piston chamber provided with front and rear internal recesses, of a reciprocatory piston operating in the chamber between the recesses, said piston comprising a head and a reduced extension, means in the piston alternately communicating with the recesses for distributing motive fluid therethrough to opposing faces on the piston, an exhaust port opening into the chamber between the recesses and out of line there- 'with, a drill bit chuck, means operated by the extension for rotating the chuck, and a feather engagement between the cylinder member and piston head to hold the latter against turning and preventing the distributing means in the piston from communicating with the exhaust port.

19. l'n apparatus of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member, of a piston operating therein and comprising a head having a. reduced extension provided with grooves, ports and passages for delivering motive fluid to and permitting its exhaust from opposite faces of the piston, said ports and passages being controlled directly by the piston on its movement, a ring engaged with the grooves, means for holding the piston to a fixed path of movement, said piston on each reciprocation effecting a relatively slight oscillation of the ring, a rotatable chuck, means for effecting the rotation of the chuck from the oscillation of the ring, and means for insuring the repeated continuous full working strokes of the piston under the action of the motive fiuid and notwithstanding the drag of the rotating means.

20. In apparatus. of the character set forth, the combination with a cylinder member, of a piston operating therein and comprising a head having a reduced extension, said extension having longitudinal grooves and ribs, disposed on a slight spiral, a member on said extension engaged with the ribs and grooves and given a slight oscillatory movement upon each reciprocation of the piston, means engaged with the piston head for holding it to a fixed path of movement, a chuck, means for imparting rotary movement to the chuck from the oscillating member, ports and passages for delivering motive fluid to and permitting its exhaust from opposite faces of the piston, said ports and passages being controlled directly by the piston on its movement, and means for insuring the repeated continuous full working strokes of the piston under the action of the motive fluid and notwithstanding the drag of the rotating means.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

OMAR E. CLARK. Witnesses: Y

WILLIAM A. LEONARD, JAMES B. ELMENDORF.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Iatents,

Washington, D. C.

Images