US1306444A - stafford - Google Patents

Description

H. R. STAFFORD.

xocomonvs EXHAUST PIPE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. H. IEIIH.

Patented June 10, 1919.

2 SHEETS-*SHEET I -FIG-1- WITNESSES H. R. STAFFORD.

LOCOMOTIVE EXHAUST PlPE.

APPLICATION HLED NOV. ll. I918 1 306,444. Patented June 10, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I of New Jersey,

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIoE.

HAL R. STAFFORD, OF PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNGR OF ONETHIRD T0 JO'HN E. MUHLFELD, 0F SCARSDADE, NEW YORK.

LOCOMOTIVE EDKHAUST-PIPE.

A iplic'iition flied Noveiriber 11, 151 8.

To ail whom it may mn'flern:

Be it known that I, H AL R. S'TAIP'FURD, of P-htinfiel'd, in the duality of Union and State ave invented a csi-tain new and useful Impmvmneut in Locomotive Exhaust-Pipes, oi which ihiprovei'nhnt the f'nL lowing is a S eific'atibn.

My invnt on i'slates to loto'mhtiv oxhaust pi pas, of t h double nozzle typ, i. 0., those in Which ths exhaust stem f om two hu-ohiti'tive cylinders (lisuhai'g i to tho stack ihiiiug'h separate orifices or nozzles. This object of my invention is to provide an exhaust pipe of such typo in which the ontraiiiing surface, through which, in opera tion, th exhaust steam acts u ion the gas's of bombustion, may be lhati'iii 1y iudi'a'sd, and back pressure. upon the pistons of tii locbl'niitiv be minilriizod, it being ell 'recoguizid that the efiicienby theizliaust'hhtst in a locomotivs smokehox is dependent, directly, upon the area of the snthailiiiigsurface of the at, and, invefsly, on the bank pr'essu'rb 5m ucBd on the pistons. Fut t'hei' objt-iots 01 my invention are to p'ro'i ido an exhaust pipe which Wiil jglresent as slight resistance as possible to the ow of the smoke box gass, in apprhaching the entiain'in'g surfaces of the exhaust jet, and means foi' readily varying the area of the exhaust noz- 21s as may, from timo to time, ho. dsi'red.

The improvement amines is hereinafter fuily set fdrth.

Val-inns designs of xhaust no'z'zles have been piopdssd anti expfiineiitd with, in Whiohth ehtfaihing 1113a of tho jet has been inumas'e d by divi' ingit into anurnbi of smut? tream by means or brid's. The inareassbf area is, how'vr, in sac no'zzls obtai'nd at the ex iis bf miner-ease 0 batik pressure, it b jig obvious that any obstiuhtihn in the form of a rib, bridge, or wall, induc s a baffling efitit, which interfefs with the fries flow of steam and coriesponuingiy ihci'as'e's ba'ck pf'ssuie.

The exhaust pi e of my inventio 1 pro n ts no dh stih'tfitidns {any kind to the iiow O the exhaust swam, t jet of steam, in passing through no pipe; merely changing its trans- Veise scti'on fori' t'at in v'hio it enters the skha'ust pipe horn the cyliii er saddlg, to dhe which Wili resent as largest practicaHie area of entrainin surface to the gass 0f 'btiftibustion.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 10, 19319. serial No. 26min.

in the zitcompanying drawings: F igiile 1 is a vditioal ti-aiisvhrsel spti'on thiou'gh the smoke box and stack of a loc'oumuve engine, illiistiatingan a' plioatioh of my invention; Fig. 2, a vertioa cential section, on an .giilarg'sd stai'o, thiiiugh tho exhaust. pij efFig. 3, asim ila i' sctioii, taken at a 1-1;; t angle to Fig. 9; Fig. 4, a button] plan viw; Figs. 5, (1, and 7, horizontal sections, on the 111165 11 a. '7) 7), and (r, respuctivo y, of Fig. 3; Fig. H, a top plan view; Fig. 9, a bottom plan viuw of an skhaust pipe having four exhaust stuiiiii passagos; Fig. 10, a horizontal section through the same, oh a plane, corresponding with the line Z) I) oi Fig. 3; and Fig. ii, a in J plan View of the same.

sterling first to Figs. 1 t0 8, inclusive, in the 'rac tici of my invention I provide an exhaust pipe, the body, 1, of which is intogral and is piovi'ded with an external iiang 1*, adjacent to its lower end, through which it is adapted to be secured to the. cylinder saddles, I X, of a locomotive engine, aboi'e the. exhaust passage, w :0 thereof. The body of the exhaust pipe is divided, throughout substantially its entire length, by a vortical partition, 1 into two continuously ind pondeht exhaust steam passages, 2, 3, ea 1 of which conforms in transverse section, at its lowei' end, ti) tho adjoining exhaust asage, w, f the cylinder Saddle, with W ig it communicates, which passage is in this instanc', shown as of rectangular transverse section, but may be of any, other pie erred section. The top of the ezhaust pipe is evoid of xt'e'lnal 01' internal piojections, and, by a coiiosponding pro rssii e variation of the tran verse setion ofth'e separating partition, the' transvefse Bastion of tw'o qxhaust steam passages, 2,3; is, shown by the sectional views, F 5, aana 7gi-adually change from that 0. their uses to Eh 'at of two disc lfg oiifices or nozzles 2; 3", ocated at the top o the exhaust ipe, each of which nozz'les is in the form of nearly a half annulus, to two novlzles being separated one from the other, by the flatportion of the partition, 1 As said partition does not lie in the path of the cul rants of exhaust sluiam, it will be seen that it offers no dbstruc ion to its free flow throii the pass s, 2, 3, to the nozzles 2 3, an therefore t at the're-is no increase oi? back pressure on the istoias.

The change of transverse section 0 the exhaust steam passages, from that of their lower openings to that of the half annulus nozzles b which they terminate at their upper en 5, is effected by variation of the transverse section of the separating part1- tion, 1", which is widened at bottom in one direction, to completely separate the exhaust steam passages and cylinder saddle passages, as shown in Fig. 2, and has an outwardly coned or tapered spreader, 1, extending from said widened portion to its upper end, said spreader forming the upper inner walls of the exhaust steam passages and nozzles.

As herein exemplified, each of the exhaust steam passages, 2, 3, is twisted or helically curved, from one side of the longitudinal central plane of the exhaust pipe, at bottom, to the opposite side of said plane, at top, this being efiected by correspondingly curving the separating partition, 1". As a result of this curvature of the exhaust steam passage, the currents of exhaust steam which leave the cylinder passages, parallel with the longitudinal central plane of the smoke box, are discharged thereinto, transversely to said plane, and to the direction of traverse of the gases passing out of the boiler tubes, in which direction the exhaust steam acts more effectively to convey them into the stack. The flow of the exhaust steam may, however, be conducted on substantially vertical lines if preferred.

It will be seen that by the change of transverse section of the exhaust steam passages from that of their receiving ends to that of their discharge nozzles, a material increase of entraining surface of the exhaust jets upon the gases of combustion is afforded, and that such increase is obtained Without involving increase of back pressure by the obstruction of bridges or projections. Further, the flow of the gases to the stack, which takes place on both the inner and the outer sides of the half annulus exhaust nozzles, is unimpeded by any flanges or other exterior projections on the exhaust pipe.

In order to enable the area of the nozzles, and consequentl the force of the exhaust blast, to be readily and conveniently varied as may, from time to time, be found necessary or desirable, a conical cap, 4, may be connected detachably to the exhaust pipe by a bolt, 4, secured axially in the partition, 1", to which the cap is connected by a nut, 4". By the attachment of a cap of greater or less diameter, which can be readily effected, the area of the exhaust nozzles, 2 3", may be increased or diminished as desired.

For the purpose of easing the flow of the gases of combustion to the exhaust nozzles, and eliminating the angle between the exhaust pipe and the table plate, y, of the locomotive smoke box, a conical ring, 5, may be fitted around the exhaust pipe, above the table plate, and bolted to the latter, this construction enabling an effective joint to be made between the exhaust pipe and table plate.

Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive, illustrate a structural modification, suitable for application in connection with cylinder saddles in which separate passages are provided from the opposite ends of the cylinders to the exhaust pipe. For such applications, four exhaust steam passages, 2, 2, 3, 3, are formed in the exhaust pipe, said passages terminating, at their upper ends, in exhaust nozzles, 2, 2, 3, 3, each of which is a segment of an annulus (approximately one fourth) and being changed in transverse section, from their receiving to their discharge ends, as in the construction first described. While the use of separate passages from the opposite ends of the cylinders to the exhaust pipe is not common practice in locomotive construction, it is considered by me to be of advantage, as the separation of the currents of exhaust steam from the opposite ends of the cylinders, throughout their entire traverse to the exhaust nozzles, will materially reduce the back pressure which is exerted in the operation of ordinary exhaust mechanisms. This reduction of back pressure is due to the fact that the traverse of the current of steam from each end of the cylinder to the discharge nozzle is eflected Without obstruction from, or interference by, that of the current from the opposite end, and without involving variation in the transverse sectional area of the passage from the cylinder to the discharge nozzle, the efi'ect of which variation is to interrupt the uniform and unbroken flow of the current of exhaust steam, with the result of causing an increase of back pressure.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a locomotive exhaust pipe, the combination of an integral tubular body or casing, the top of which is of cylindrical sec tion and devoid of external projections; longitudinal partitions, dividing said body into four continuously independent exhaust steam passages, each adapted to register at bottom with the exhaust passage of one end only of a locomotive cylinder, and an integral outwardly coned central s reader, the spaces between the top of whic the sides of the partitions, and the outer walls of the exhaust steam passages form independent exhaust nozzles for the ends of two locomotive cylinders.

2. In a locomotive exhaust pipe, the comhination of an integral tubular body or cas ing, the to. of which is of cylindrical section and evoid of projections; longitudinal partitions dividing said body into continuously independent exhaust steam passages, from bottom to top; and an integral outwardly coned central spreader, the spaces between the outer Walls of said exhaust steam passages and the partition and spreader being progressively varied in cross section from that of the locomotive cylinder exhaust passages, at bottom, to segmental annular exhaust nozzles, at top.

3. In a locomotive exhaust pipe, the C0111- bination of a tubular body or casing; a heliially curved longitudinal partition, diriding said body into continuously independent exhaust steam passages, each adapted to register at bottom with a locomotive cylinder exhaust passage, and an integral outwardly coned central spreader, the spaces between the top of which, the sides of the partition, and the outer walls of the exhaust steam passages form independent exhaust nozzles.

l. In a locomotive exhaust pipe, the combination of a tubular body or casing, helically curved longitudinal partitions, dividing said body into four continuously independent exhaust steam passages, each adapted to register, at bottom, with the exhaust passage of one end only of a locomotive cylinder, and an integral outwardly curved central spreader, the spaces between the top of which, the sides of the partitions, and the outer walls of the exhaust steam passages lorm independent exhaust nozzles for the ends of two locomotive cylinders.

5. In a locomotive exhaust pipe, the combination of a tubular body or casing; a helicaliy curved longitndinahpartition, dividing said body into independent exhaust steam passages, each adapted to register at bottom with a locomotive cylinder exhaust passage; an integral outwardly coned cen tral spreader, the spaces between the top of which, the sides of the partition, and the outer walls of the exhaust steam passages form independent exhaust nozzles; an inwardly and upwardly tapered cap, of circular section, fitting around the top oi the spreader; and a central bolt, connecting said cap detachably to the spreader.

o. .In a locomotive exhaust appliance, the combination of an exhaust pipe of substan tially cylindrical form at its upper portion; a horizontal smoke box table or separating plate through which said exhaust pipe extends; and a ring fitting on said plate and around the exhaust pipe, and having its outer surface continuously upwardly and inwardly curved.

7. In a locomotive exhaust pipe, the combination of a tubular body or casing, the top ol which is oi cylindrical section, and is devoid of projections; a longitudinal partition, dividing said body into independent exhaust steam passages, each extending from the bottom of the body of the pipe, at which it is adapted to register with a locomotive cylinder exhaust passage, to the top of said body; and an integral outwardly coned central spreader, the spaces included between the top of which, the wall of the body, and the sides oi the longitudinal partition, 'lorm independent exhaust nozzles, each of segmental annular section.

HAL R. STAFFORD.

\Vitnesses NELLIE J. MeArnn, MARY CLARK.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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