US1294020A - Arc-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

C. AALBORG.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20. 1913.

20- Patented Feb.11,1919

3 SHEETS-SHEET I. 5 y

WITNESSES:

C. AALBORG.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20. 1913.

Patented Feb. 11, 1919.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

Z uvwm ATTORNEY C. AALBORG.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20. 19:3.

Patented Feb. 11, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

INVENTOR WITNESSES: 9 f

ATTORNEY,

I mechanism in which the frictional resistance r U rrE STATES, PATENT OFFICE.-

CHRISTIAN .AALIBORG, or wILxINsBURG, PENNSYLVANIAVASSIGNOR TO wns'rING- HOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENN- sYLvANIA. I

ARC-LAMP.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN AALBOBG, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Wilkinsbur in the county of Allegheny and State of ennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Arc- Lamps, of which the following is a speci-- fication.-

My invention relates to electrlc arc lamps,

and more particularly to improvements in the regulating of arc lamps.

For the satisfactory operation of arc lamps which are su phed with certain electrodes and operated under certain voltages,

and the feeding mechanism the control mechanism of the lamp must be of the increase in frictional resistance be'-' tween the operatively engaged elements of I the control mechanism.

The present invention provides a control 4 is substantially minimized by the elimination of many 'slidingly engaged surfaces, which, during service, usuall deteriorate and affect the operating relia ility of the lamp.

. An ob ect of my invention 1s-to rovide a re ulatlng mechamsm for an arc amp in whic the regulation of. the arc length is effected by means of a pivotally mounted support having the electrodes flexibly connected thereto, and eliminating such engage-v ments between cooperating members as may develop, during service, a high frictional resistance in-the mechanism. My invention also provides means whereby, during the intermittent uses of the lamp, the inequality of the weights of the twoelectrodes cannot afiect the sensitiveness of the control mechanism." Another object of my invention is to pro- 'vide means for preventing the upper electrode of an arc lamp from bin in the passageway between the arc cham r and the chamber inclosing the control mecha- Other features of novelty in my invention Patented Feb. 11, 1919.

Application filed. March 20, 1918. Serial No. 755.781.

are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to, and forming a part of, this specification. For a better understandmg 0 the nature, the scope and the characteristic features of my invention, reference is had'to the following description and the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, in which 1s disclosed an embodiment of my invention. 4

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view in sectional elevation of an arc lamp embodying a form of my invention; Figs. '2, 3 and 4 show, in detail, views of the construction of a holder for an outer a side view showin a portion of the struc ture of Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a plan and sectional view taken on the line AB of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a plan view of a pivotally mounted support from which both electrodes are suspended; Fig. 8 shows a Ian and sectional view taken on the line /D of Fig. 1; Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view of an elec- ..trical circuit for the arc lamp, and Figs.

10 and 11 are front and side views respectively showing the essential features comrising the regenerating mechanism of the amp. 7

In general, the arc lamp comprises an outer globe 1 and an inner globe 2, said inner globe providing an arc chamber for the are extending between the opposing adjacent ends of a lower electrode 3 and .an upper electrode 4. The lamp is of the type in which the electrodes are consumed unequally, for example, in the ratio of two to one, and in which the electrodes are therefore of unequal lengths in proportion to their rates of consumption. The lighter fumes emitted by the arc pass into a condensing chamber 5,-the opening in said condensing trol mechanism, and depositing as dust upon the numerous members contained therein,

all communication between the condensing chamberand the chamber containing the regulating mechanism is shut ofi. Electrical connection to the su ply circuit is made by means. of terminalsv and 8 which are sup- .ported by, and insulated from, an upper supporting plate 9. The entire lamp strucmm is held suspe nded by means of a thread ed/ sleeve IQwhich is insulated from a cap globe; 'Fig. 5-is 11 bythe interposition of insulating bushings 12 for screws 13.

Referring to Figs. 1, 10 and 11 the regulating and feeding mechanisms extend be tween the upper supporting plate 9 and a lower supporting plate 14 and are inclosed in the chamber 6 by a casing 15 which is provided with the cap 11. The upper supporting plate 9 is attached to the cap 11 by means of screws 16 engaging with bosses 1.7 which are formed integrally on the cap 11. Tie rods 18, 19, 20 and 21 extending between the plate 9 and the plate 14 assure rigidity to the supporting structure of the regulating and the feeding mechanisms.

On the underside of the plate 9 is secured an inverted U-shaped support 22, the two bifurcated legs of which carry horizontal .and parallel cylindrical pins 23 and 24. A

cylindrical shaft or pin 25, positioned so as to bridge the legs of the support 22, with its axis at right angles to the pins 23 and 24, and upon which it is adapted to rotate is secured rigidly to a rocker arm 26. As shown in elevation in Figs. 5, 10 and 11 and in plan in Fig. 7, the pin 25, in rolling contact with the pins 23 and 24, comprises the pivoting means or fulcrum of the rocker arm 26 and its appendages. This substantial arrangement of plvotally mounting a rocker arm or lever serves as a practical substitute for the familiar and delicate knife edge fulcrum.

The rocker arm 26, as shown in Figs. 7 and 11, supports at one side of its fulcrum, a magnet core 27 a guide 28 for the said core, and rotatably mounted double pulleys 2930 and 31-3 2 which are journaled, re spectively, in oppositely extending arms 33 and 34 which are integral with the said rocker arm. At the opposite side of the fulcrum 25 is supported a yoke 35 with its cooperating elements, counterweights 36-37, and a dash pot shell member 38. The counterweights 36 and 37 are so selected that when the parts are at rest and no current is flowing, the rocker arm is slightly unbalanced on the side of the counterweights and is inclined at such an angle that the ends of theelectrodes are in contact. 7 The electrodes are further biased to their engaging position by the greater weight of the upper electrode, with its attachments, with respect to the lower electrode.

be maintained in substantially constant I focus, and also in order that the lever 26 and its appendages may remam unbalanced to the same degree throughout the operation of the lamp, thereby maintaining constant the required tractive force of the regulating coil 46 during the regulation of the lamp. The double pulleys are mounted for rotation on the common axis 25* and are so positioned on the rocker arm 26 that the weights of the electrodes 3 and 4 are transmitted to the rocker arm, through the flexible members 4245 upon opposite sides of the fulcrum 25 and at distances from the fulcrum that are inversely proportional to the weights of the electrodes. By reason of this suspension, the moments of the two electrodes around the fulcrum of the rocker arm are maintained equal and opposite as the electrodes burn away. Consequently, the normally unequal consumption of the electrodes will not tend to further unbalance the rocker arm during the operation of the lamp.

The above-described suspension of the electrodes from the pivoted rocker arm also accomplishes the proper regulation of the arc and maintains the arc in substantially constant focus, as will be more fully described below.

Regardless of any position that the rocker arm 26 may assume, the weight of the up per electrode 4, when it is engaged by the clutchring 39, is transmitted through rods 40 and 41 and the yoke 35 to a point on the rocker arm lying in a plane coinciding with the flexible-members or chains 42 and 43, which respectively secure the electrode to the pulleys 29 and 31. This means of cooperatively tengaging the upper electrode and the rocker arm prevents any movement between the electrode, its holder, the pulleys and the chains, whereby frictional. resistance must be overcome duringthe regulating operation of the arc lamp. It also prevents rotation of the'pulleys 29, 30, 31 and 32 about their axes, because the upper electrode 4 is rigidly held by the clutch ring 39 and the pivotally-mounted tie rods 40 and 41. From the pulleys 30 and 32, the lower electrode 3 is suspended by means of flexible members or chains 44am 45. To insure effective engagement between the said pulleys and the chains, a groove is formed in the circumference of each pulley and serves as a guiding means for each chain.

In this lamp, the ratio of the weight of the upper electrode to the weight of the lower electrode, throughout a trim, is assumed to be two to one, although any other ratio may be taken, according to the type of lamp and electrodes used- Since the rate of consumption, during theexistence of the arc of the upper electrode 4, is double that of the lower electrode 3, the electrodes should be fed in proportion to theirrespectivejrates of consumption, so that the are may be focused or kept in a constant position relative to the reflecting means usually required for illumination purposes. By making the diameter of the pulleys 29 and 31, from which the upper electrode is fed, equal to twice the diameter of the pulleys 30 and 32 from which the lower electrode is fed, additional means are provided for focusing the are or insuring retention of the arc in a constant relation to the illuminating equipment.

A tubular magnet coil 46, with its axis parallel to the tie- rods 20 and 21, is so positioned that its axis is in alinement with the direction of travel of the cotiperating armature or core 27, said core being rotatably secured to an extremity of the rocker arm 26 by means of a cotter pin 47 The guide 28, centrally mounted on the core 27 and positioned with its legs diametrically adjacent to the exterior surface of the coil 46, as shown in Fig. 7, serves as a guiding means for the said core as it is drawn into the coil by magnetic attraction. When this guide is constructed of magnetically inductive material, it decreases the reluctance of the path ofi'ered to the magnetic flux generated by the coil.

The regulation of the arc is thus effected by the attraction between the coil 46 and the core 27 which, in turn, efi'ects movement of the rocker arm 26 upon its fulcrum 25. For example, when the electrical conditions are such that the lengthening of the arc is demanded, the plunger 27 .is drawn into the coil 46, lowering the end of the rocker arm 26 to which the said plunger is attached and thereby raising K the opposite end of the rocker arm, which causes the clutch ring 39 to engage the upper electrode, raising it vertically and transmitting its weight through the links 40 and 41 to the bracket 35 which is rigidly secured to, and insulated from, the rocker arm by the screws 53 and insulating bushings 54. Simultaneously with the aforesaid movement, the electrode 3 is lowered,

thus increasing the distance between the opposing ends of the electrodes. Regulation of the arc is thus accomplished by the rocking of the arm 26 upon its pivoting means which is designed, as explained above, to offer a substantially small amount of frictional resistance. The normal position of the rocker arm 26, during the operation of the lamp, is substantially that shown in Fi s. 1 and '11. I

n the other extremity of the rocker arm 26,--isrotatably secured, by a cotter pin 48 and a link 49, the. shell member 38 of the dash pot, said shell member operatively engaging with a piston member 50'of the dash pot. From a bracket 51, supported by the tie rods 18 and 19, the piston member 50 is upheld by means of a cotter pin 52, which permits the axis-of thepiston member 50 to coincide with the axis of the shell member '38, irrespective of the position of the rocker arm 26. By thus pivotally securing the two members of the dash pot, flexibility in operation of the same is assured. The two adjusting weights 36 and 37 which are held upon a. downward projection 53 of the rocker arm, in conjunction with the weight of the shell member 38, overbalance the weights of the elements secured to the opposite extremity of the rocker arm, thus providing for the return of the rocker arm to its normal inclined position when the arc is extinguished. I

Consumption of the electrodes is so slow during the normal period of continuous operation of the lamp, that the electrodes are not fed during the existence of the arc. \Vhen the clutch ring 39 is disengaged from the upper electrode 4, upon the return of the rocker arm 26 to its normal position, whereby the clutch ring 39 rests on the upper portion of an economizer 55, the upper electrode descends until its arcing end is in contact with the arcing end of the lower electrode, said lower electrode simultaneously ascending until engagement is eflected between the two electrodes. During this feedmg process, the pulleys 29, 30, 31 and 32 revolve about their axes, thus causing the flexible members 42 and 43 to unwind from their respective pulleys, permitting the upper electrode 4 to descend. At the same time, the flexible members 44 and 45 wind upon their respective pulleys and cause the lower electrode 3 to ascend.

The carriage of the upper electrode 4 comprisesa member 56 with outwardly laterally extending arms 57 and 58 at its lower portion, means at its upper portion to effect sliding engagement with the links 40 and 41, a U shaped member 59 horizontally positioned and secured to the support 56, an electrode stop 60, and a spring 61 for firmly pressing the electrode 4 in the angular shaped recess in the said member 56 which is shown in Fig. 6. Attached to eyelets 62 and 63, which are secured to the arms 57 and 58 of the carriage, as shown in Figs. 5 and 10, are the flexible members 44 and 45. An insulated stop-plate 64 may be mounted on the upper side of the electrode stop 60 to prevent the supportingbracket 22 from coming into electrical contact with the upper electrode. 1

The links 40 and 41, whichare secured rotatably to the rocker arm 26, slldingly pass through openings in the upper portion of the carriage member 56 and engage, by means of cotter pins, with the clutch rmg 39 of theupper electrode. Whatever may be the position assumed by the rocker arm 26, the links 40 and 41 are suspended vertlcally therefrom, and this means of suspending the upper electrode 4 and preventing lateral pressure thereon, lnsures the said electrode against binding in the annular opening extending through the economizer 55.

The carriage of the lower electrode 2 is flexibly secured to the pulleys 30 and 32 by means of the chain members 42 and 43, respectively, and comprises a member hav ing two horizontally projecting arms to engage the tie rods 20 and 21 which serve as guides for directing the travel of the lower electrode, a rod 66 slidingly passing through the extended sleeve 67, and a holder 68 in which said lower electrode is firmly held by the screw 69.

The positioning of the pulleys 2931 and 3032 upon their supporting means, so as not to obstruct the movement of the upper electrode, the use of two flexible members for suspending each electrode, and the construction of the carriage for each electrode, provide means whereby the travel of the electrode 4 is upwardly extended adj acently to the platform 9, thus substantially decreasing the over-all length of this are lamp in comparison with the ordinary arc lamp.

The resistors 70 and 71 are mounted upon the upper surface of the base-plate 14 at either side of the electrode 4. Adjusting means for varying the quantity of resistance to be inserted in the electric circuit, provides for that particular ballast resistance which will insure the most satisfactory operation of the lamp. A blow-coil 72, which balances the magnetic fields adjacent to the are, thereby preventing flickering of the arc, is circumferentially disposed on the upper side of the plate 14.

A spring holder 73 for the outer globe is hinged to'an extension 7 4 and is locked to the globe seat 75 by engagement with a second extension 76 integrally formed thereon. A view of the hinging means of the said holder is shown in detail in Fig. 2, and of the looking means in Fig. 3. Adjustment of the holder about the outer globe 1 is provided by the engagement of an adjusting screw 77 with the eyelets 78 and 79, as shown in Fig. 4:. The complete holder, excepting the-adjusting screw 77 and its accessories, is formed of a continuous section of Wire.

A11 electrical circuit of the lamp is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 9, the said circuit comprising, in electrical series relation, the terminal 11, the magnet coil 46, the supporting rod 66, the lower electrode 3, the upper electrode 4, the resistor 70, the blow coil 72, the resistor 71 and the terminal 12. The circuit shown is specially adapted for use in a multiple direct current inclosed flaming carbon arc lamp.

While I have herein described and illustrated somewhat in detail one embodiment of my invention,it is not intended that my invention, in all of its aspects,'shall be limited to this particular embodiment, as it will be apparent to anyone skilled in the art that changes may be-made in the form of my invention without departing from the spirit thereof.

I claim as my invention:

1. An arc lamp comprising an electrode, a pivoted support having rotatable members mounted thereupon, flexible means for connecting said electrode to the rotatable members, and means for rigidly and directly connecting the electrode to said support during the existence of the are only, the said rotatable members having no movement of rotation during the time of engagement between the electrode and the said connecting means.

2..An arc lamp comprising an electrode, an electrode holder, a fulcrumed support, members rotatably mounted thereupon, flexible means for connecting the electrode holder to the rotatably-mounted members, and means for rigidly and-directly connecting said electrode to the fulcrumed support during the existence of the arc.

3. An arc lamp comprising an electrode, a pivotally-mounted support, rotatable members, means connecting the electrode and the rotatable members, and means for directly connecting the electrode and the pivotallymounted support during the existence of the are only, said second means comprising a clutch ring attached to an inextensible link which is pivoted to said support.

4:. An arc lamp comprising an electrode, a fulcrumed support, rotatable members mounted on the said support, and means for directly connecting the said electrode to the said support when the fulcrumed support is in operation, said means comprising a clutch associated with the said electrode and a rodpivoted to said support and attached to the said clutch in order to hold the axis of the electrode vertical during the existence of the arc.

5. An arc lamp comprising coiiperating electrodes, a pivoted support, pulleys carried by the said support, flexible connections for suspending the said electrodes independently from the said pulleys, and a rigidmember for regulating the arcing distance between the said electrodes and for preventing the said pulleys from rotating during such regulation.

6. An arc lamp comprising cooperating electrodes, a pivoted support, pulleys carried by the said support, independent flexible connections between the said pulleys and the said electrodes, and means for regulating the arcing distance between the said electrodes, the said means comprising aclutch associated with one of the said electrodes and a rod connecting the said clutch to the said pivoted.

electrodes adapted to be consumed unequally,

maaoao a pivoted support, pulleys carried by the said support, flexible connections for suspending the said electrodes, independently from the said pulleys, the said pulleys being so disposed and of such diameters that the said electrodes are suspended from opposite sides of the pivotal axis of the said support at distances in sulostantially inverse proportion to the rates of consumption of the said elec 10 trodes, and means for moving the said support around its pivot for regulating the arcing distance between the said electrodes.

lln testimony whereof-,1 have hereunto subscribed my name this 145th day or" March, 1913.

GmlS'ilAN AALBQRG.

Witnesses:

S. G. How, B. 13.

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