US1286259A - Means for recording sounds. - Google Patents

Description

APPLICATION FILED MA R.6.19I3- Patented Dec. 3, 1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

W/wmmw a imm T. A. EDISON.

MEANS FOR RECORDING souwns.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.6- 1913.

Patented Dec. 3, 1918.

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T. A. EDISON.

MEANS FOR RECORDING SOUNDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. s. 1913.

1 86,259. Patented Dec. 3, 1918.

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THOMAS A. EDISON, 0F LLEWELLYN PARK WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO NEW JERSEY PATENT COMPANY, OF WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MEANS FOR RECORDING SOUNDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 3, 1918.

Application filed March 6, 1913. S'erial'No. 752,275.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS A. EDISON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Llewellyn Park, West Orange, Essex county, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Recording Sounds, of which the following is a description.

My invention relates to improved means for recording sounds.

In the methods heretofore followed in synchronously recording the optical and audible impressions of an object or scene for making records for talking pictures, a moving picture camera is focused on the field of the object or scene and a single horn or receiver of a phonograph or other recording instrument is located at a considerable distance from the object or scene and out of the range of the camera and the object or scene is then photographed by the camera and the sounds associated therewith simultaneously recorded by the recording instrument. Such a method is disclosed in a pending a plication of Daniel Higham,.Serial No. 68' ,967 filed April 2, 1912 and entitled Methods of synchronously recording and reproducing optical impressions and sounds associated therewith.

While it is true that it is impractical, in recording the optical and audible impressions of a scene for making records for talkin ictures to locate the horn or receiver of the sound recording instrument close to the source of sound for reasons indicated in the application just referred to, yet the method of recording sounds disclosed therein and similar methods are objectionable for the following reasons: The born or receiver of the recording instrument is located at such a distance from the source of sound that the sound waves reaching the receiver are comparatively weak and few in number, and the comparatively weak sounds emitted from the source of sound are often not recorded at all; the master sound record thus obtained is formed of vibrations of such small amplitude that in order to obtain a clear and sutliciently loud reproduction it is necessary to make an amplified copy thereof; and the field of the scene is necessarily very limited on account of the fact that the sound waves are collected substantially only at a single point and as a source of sound is removed or moves from that point, the number and strength of the sound waves which reach the receiver decrease out of all proportion to the increase in the distance of the source from the receiver. As in scenes of the character of which it is desired to make records for talking pictures, as well as in demonstrations of which it is desired to make records only of the audible impressions, as for example, an orchestral piece, the sounds frequently emanate from various more or less separated points, this latter phenomenon often results in the production of a sound record having vibrations'of greater amplitude for weak sounds than the vibrations corresponding to loud sounds, where the source of the loud sounds is farther removed from the receiver than the source of the weak sounds.

The principal objects of the present invention are to provide a method and means whereby the above named objections are eliminated and whereby an observer of the impressions of objects or scenes reproduced from a record or records made in accordance with, or by the use of my invention, will re ceive, as nearly as possible, the same effects on the ear, as when observing the original objects or scenes. In accordance with these objects, I collect the sound waves at a plurality of points which are so separated as to extend over the field in which the object or scene, the impressions of which are to be recorded, may occupy or is located, and transmit pulsations or impulses corresponding to the collected sound waves to a single recording device and make a record of the transmitted impulses. These impulses are preferably electrically transmitted from receivers located at the separated points and all the impulses simultaneously produced at the receivers are preferably combined into single impulses before reaching the recording device. My invention also comprises the augmenting and sharpening of the latter impulses before they reach the recording device, in order ,to obtain a record which will have well-defined and clear-cut vibrations of suflieient amplitude to obtain a clear reproduction directly therefrom, without the ne cessity of making an amplified copy thereof.

Other features and objects of my invention will appear more fully in the following description and appended claims:

In order that my invention may be more 2'.2 of Fig. 1 looking upwardly, parts be" tive positions of means clearly understood, attention is hereby directed to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and 1n which; a

Figure 1 is a View in vertical cross sectlon on line 1-1 of Fig. 2 illustrating a stage or setting for an object or scene of which it 1s desired to obtain a record or records, and means, shown somewhat diagrammatically and in accordance with my invention, for

recording the sounds associated with the 011- Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on hne ing omitted; v

Fig. 3. is a view similar to Flg. 1 and somewhat diagrammatic, showing the relafor recording the sounds associated with an object or scene on the stage and of means for recording the optical impressions of the object or scene the means modification of thateof Fig. 1 and Figs. 4 to 9 are diagrammatic views showingthe receivers and recorder of my sound recording means and various modifications of the connections between the receivers and the recorder which may be employed.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, reference character 1- represents a stage or-setting for a scene or" object of which it is-desired to record, either the optical or audible impressions, or both these impressions. The stage shown herein has the usual raised floor 2, side walls 3, and the top wall or ceiling4,

and is preferably provided at the front with I a drop or overhang 5 depending from the top wall or ceiling 4. Reference characters 6, 7, and 8 may represent different objects in a scene presented'on the stage or difierent positionswhich one or more objects may assume during the recording of the :impressions thereof.

In order to obtain a clear and true record of the sounds emitted from the object or objects comprising the source or sources of sound on the stage, I providean improved sound recording apparatus preferably com prising a plurality of collectors or receivers 9 which are preferablybell-shaped and arranged in such a manner as to embrace or cover substantially the entire field which any scene or object on the stage may occupy. The sound recording apparatus also comprises asingle recorder-:10 and suitable means (hereinafter more .fully described) whereby pulsations or impulses 'ci'irrespond ing to the sound wavescollected .by the re-' ceivers 9 are transmitted therefrom to the;

recorder 10 to make a record on the blank 11. As shown in Figs. -1."a"nd' 2,,a-plurality of the receivers 9 are spaced over and above the stage floor 2 adjacent the top wall 4 and preferably behind the drop or overhang 5. These receivers are preferably sefor recording the sounds being a cured to a frame 12 which is preferably ver as by. a cord.13 attached thereto and passing over pulleys 14 secured to the walls of the stage, the cord then. passing downwardly adjacent suitable means such as a cleat 15 to which it may be' belayed to hold the frame 12 and thereby receivers 9 in the desired vertical position. A plurality or battery of receivers 9 may also'be positioned below the fioor'of the stage as shown in Fig. 1, and are preferably spaced evenly over the stage fioor similarly to the receivers 9 attached to frame 12. The floor adjacent the mouth of each of these receivers is preferably perforated as shown at 16 to allow the sound waves to pass freely from above the fioor to the receivers. Preferably the means for communicating pulsations corresponding to the sound waves collected by receivers 9 above the stage floor from those receivers to the single recorder 10 also serve to communicate' like pulsations to the recorder from the receivers 9 below the stage floor.

Fig. 3 shows diagrammatically the relative arrangement of a moving picture camera and sound recording means for making receivers 9 of the sound recording apparatus are arranged similarly to the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, except that the receivers 9 below the stage floor are dispensed with, and means is likewise provided. for communicatln pulsations from the receivers 9 to the smgle recorder 10. It will be understood, of course, that if desired, a

plurality ofreceivers 9 may be located below the stage floor 2 as in Fig. 1. Reference character 17 represents the motion picture camera which is focused on stage 1, the field of the camera having the limits indicated by dotted lines in this figure. It will be seen that the receivers 9 are without the field of camera 17. In the operation of the apparatus in Fig. 3, the record blank 11 and the motion picture camera 17 are operated in synchronism by any suitable means (not shown) but preferably by means such as jdisclosedjn Patent No. 1,054,203 to Daniel Higham. dated February 25,, 1913, and entitled Combination phonograph and moving picture apparatus T The pulsations or impulses'corresponding toihe sound waves collected by receivers 9 may; be'transmitt'ed" from the receivers to the'recorder 10 by any suitable means. Preferably, these impulses are electrically trans-- mitted' and accordingly I provide each receiver 9 with, a microphone 18, construct the recorder 10 so as to convert electrical into mechanical impulses (the construction of the recorder preferably being similar to that disclosed in my pending application, Serial No. 616,757, filed March 24, 1911, and entitled.Phonographic telegraphs) and provide suitable electrical connections betweenall the microphones 18 and the recorder 10.

There may be numerous constructions and arrangements of the connectlons between the receivers 9 and the recorder 10, and I have shown several different arrangements of such connections in Figs. 1, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Any of the arrangements of connections shown in these figures may be employed in the sound recording apparatus shown in either Fig. 1 or Fig; 3.

In Fig. 1 the microphones 18 of the receiv: ers 9 are in a circuit which includes recorder 10, the microphones as shown being connected in series by the main conductors 19 with the primary 20 of an induction coil, the secondary 21 of which is connected to the recorder 10 by conductors-22. Current is supplied to the circuit by a battery 23 and a suitable switch 24 is provided for making and breaking the circuit It' will be apparent that the sound waves collected by re ceivers 9' act on microphones 18 to produce electrical impulses in the circuit which includes recorder 10, and that the impulses simultaneously produced at the different receivers are electrically combined and transmitted to the recorder 10 where they are converted into mechanical impulses to produce a record on the blank 11. The induction coil in the circuit serves to augment or intensify the electrical pulsations or impulses transmitted to recorder 10 whereby a record groove is produced, the undulations of which are well defined even for the comparatively weak sounds emitted from an object or scene on stage 1. a

In Fig. 3, microphones .18 ofthereceiv'ers 9 are arranged in'parallel or multiple in the circuit instead of in series as in Fig; 1 by means-of conductors 25- connecting the microphones with the main, conductors 19 as shown.

The arrangements of the circuits shown diagrammatically in. Figs. 4 and 5 are the same as in Figs. 3 and 1 respectively, except that the induction coil is omitted.

In Fig. 6 the arrangement of, the circuit is the same asshjown in Fig. 3'except that, instead of a single battery being provided for the main conductors 19 of the circuit, a bat tery 23' is provided in .series with each inicrophone18 in conductors 25 which are arranged in parallel with the main conductors 19. y

In Fig. -7 the microphone 18 of each receiver 9 is, by means of conductors 26, arranged in series with a battery 23" and the primary 20' of an induction coil. The secondary 21 of each induction coil is, by means of conductors 27,-arrang'ed in parallel or multiple with main conductors 19, which in the arrangement herein shown, are directly connected with recorder 10.

The arrangement of the circuit in Fig. 8 is the same as in Fig. 7 except that a condenser 28. is arranged in each conductor 27 in series with each of the secondaries 21' of the induction coils. The condensers 28 serve to sharpen the electrical impulses transmitted from the receivers 9 to the recorder 10 whereby a clearer record is obtained.

In Fig. 9 I have shown an arrangement in which all the microphones 18 of the receivers 9 are arranged in series by means of conduc tors 29. The battery or source of current 23 and the primaries20" of the induction coils, corresponding'in number to the receivers 9, are also arranged in-series with each other and with the microphones 18 by the conductors 29. The; secondaries 2'1"- of the induction coils are arranged in series with each other and with recorder 10 by main conductors 19.

By the arrangement of the receivers 9 as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, it will be ap arent that, no matter Where an object or per ormer is situated or moves to on the stage, a large number of the sound waves emitted from that object or erformer will be collected by one or more oi being so evenly distributed asto gather substantially the same amount of sound waves emitted by a source of sound, irrespective of its position on the stage. As each of the ref ceivers is provided with a microphone, the apparatus is rendered very sensitive and a record is, obtained of the comparatively weak sounds as well as the loud sounds. It will also be obviousthat sound recording apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention is admirably adapted for recordin .the sounds emitted by a plurality of per ormers or objects scattered over the stage, as for example, a chorus or orchestra.

While I have shown and described various ways and forms in which my invention may be carried out and embodied, it is to be 'nnderstood, of course, that I am not limited sources of sound, a receiver located below the source or sources of sound, a single recorder, and operatlve connections between said rece vers and the slngle recorder, substantially as described.

2. In a device of the character described, the combmatlon of sound recording means comprising a plurality of receivers located at separated points above a source or sources of sound, a plurality ofrecelvers located at separated points below the source or sources of sound, a single recorder, and electrical connections between all the receiversand the single recorder, substantially as described.

3. In a device of the character described, the combination of sound recording means comprising a plurality of receivers located at separated points above a source or sources of sound,a plurality of receivers located at separated points below the source or sources of sound, vertically adjustable means for supporting the receivers located above the supporting thefreoeivers located above the source or sources of sound, a single recorder,

and electrical connections'between all the receivers and the single recorder, substantially as described.

5. In a device of the character described,

' at separated points, a plurality of receivers located at separated points below the source or sources of sound, a'single recorder, and electrical connections between all the receivers and the recorder, substantially as described.

7. In a device of the character descrlbed,

the combination of sound recording means comprising a single recorder, a plurality of receivers located at separated points below a source or sources of sound, and operative connections between all of said receivers and the single recorder, substantially as described.

This specification signed and witnessed this 28th day of February, 1913.

THOS. A. EDISON.

Witnesses: 7 WILLIAM A. HARDY, MARY J. LArDLAw.

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