US1276804A - Electric hammer. - Google Patents

Description

KR 1q276804 G. M. PAINTER.

ELECTRIC HAMMER. nrPLicArlou rlLEn July 20.1911.

Patented Aug. 27, 1918.

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ELECTRIC HAMMER.

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ELECTRIC HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED IULY 20. 19H.

1 ,276,804. i .Patented Aug. 27, l1918.

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CROSS RFIRENCE SEARCH Rt G. M. PAINTER.

ELECTRIC HAMMER.

APrucATloN FILED uw 2o. 19u.

1,276,894. Patented Aug. 27, 1918.

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GEORGE I. PAINTEB, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ELECTRIC HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 27, 1918.

Application tiled July 20, 1917. Serial No. 181,897.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GEORGE M. PAINTER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Hammers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and yto the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in electric hammers and consists of the matters hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

The obJect of the invention is to provide a hammer of the kind illustrated and described in an application filed by myself on January 2, 1917, and bearing Serial Number 140,055, which will be more eilicient in operation, easier to assemble and which may be manipulated` so that the impact member will move either slow or fast, as the occasion demands.

A further object of the invention is to so construct and arrange the parts, that the weight and length of the hammer may be reduced considerably without detracting from its eiiiciency in operation.

These objects as well as the s everal adlvantages of my improved electr-1c hammer will be more apparent as I proceed with my specification.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 illustrates a view in side elevation of my improved electric hammer.

Fig. 2 illustrates, on an enlarged scale,

a longitudinal, central section through the same.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate transverse, sectional views through the hammer, the planes of the various sections being indicated respectively by the lines 3 3, 4 4 and 5 5 of Fig. 2.

Figs. 6, 6a and 6", represent respectively, fragmentary diagrammatic views of an electric circuit which, when considered collectively, illustrate the layout of the circuit conducting wires used in my improved electric hammer.

Referring now to that embodiment of my invention lllustrated in the accompanying drawings :-10 indicates the body of the tool or hammer, which is in the form of an elongated tube ormrrel 11. Said barrel has a closed head 12, at one end and a tool retaining cap 13 at its other, the head and the cap being threaded upon the ends of the barrel as in the case of a pneumatic hammer. The head 12 provides a handle yfor the tool or hammer and the cap 13 provides a bearing and support for a tool holder 14, which has a recess 15, adapted to receive the shank of an operating tool 16. Fitting snugly against the inner wall of the barrel 11 is a tube of insulating material 17 which extends the full length of said barrel.

The barrel 11 is divided longitudinally into two chambers, one of which is longer than the other; that is an elongated. solenoid chamber 19 at the cap end of the barrel and a shorter, commutator chamber 20 at the head end of the barrel.

21 indicates a plurality of separate solenoids which are connected in series and arranged end to end in succession in the chamber 19, with their common axes coincident with the longitudinal, central axis of the barrel 11. The solenoids are preferably in the form of flat, annular coils and they are held in place as shown by opposi'tely facing, end plates or disks 22, 23, which are connected together by angula-rly spaced. longitudinally extending rods 24. Said rods engage the peripheries of the'solenoid coils in a manner holding them in alinement. The endmost coils 21 are insulated from the associated disks 22, 23, by means of inf' lating washers 22a, 23a. The disks 22, 23, bear within the insulating sleeve 17 and have tubular flanges 22", 23", respectively. The flange 22b of the disk 22 has a thrust bearing against the end cap 13, while the tiange 23b of the disk 23 is adapted to receive the inner end of a rotative shaft 25. the purpose ofl which will presently appear.

26 indicates a longitudinally extending tube of insulating material which is arranged coaxially with the shell 11, within the solenoids 21. This tube is Isupported at its ends in the disks 22, 23, and has a plurality of angularly spaced, longitudinal slots 27 (see Figs. 2 and 3) which open through the rear end of said tube. A washer 28 of insulating material is provided to hold the rear end of said tube against collapse. In each of said slots 27 is provided a longitudinal bar or T-shaped rail 29, with its body flange arranged radially and extending into the interior of said tube 26 and with its laterally extending head ,riphery to recei\'e the body nuoo HUUIUIKE flange arranged in the space between said tube and the solenoid coils 21. The disk 28 at the rear end of the tube 26 has a plurality of angularly spaced notches in its pefianges of the bars 29.

30 indicates a core which has longitudinaly sliding bearing upon the body flanges of the bars 29, within the tube 26. This core is laminated longitudinally and comprises a plurality of longitudinal bars 31 held in place between end rings 32, 32. Said core has longitudinal grooves in its periphery, into which body flanges of the bars 29 extend. It is thus apparent that while said core may freely reciprocate longitudinally on the bars 29, it is held against rotative movement.

In the commutator chamber 19, near the head 12, is provided a motor'35 and the armature shaft of said motor is operatively connected to the shaft 25 before mentioned. Said motor is suitably held in place by rings 36 and 37, the ring 36 which engages the front end of said motor being fixed in )lace by screws 36, extending through the barrel ll'and insulating tube 17, while the ring 37 which engages the rear end of the motor has screw threaded engagement with the insulating tube 17. A short sleeve 37 of insulating material is interposed between the ring 37 and the head 12 to prevent displacement of the ring 37. As shown, the sleeve 37a has screw threaded engagement with the head end of the long sleeve 17.

Located in the chamber 19, near the disk 23 and near the motor 35 respectively, are cross connection boards 38 and 39, which Aconsist of disks of insulating material.

These boards or disks are held in place agaipst shifting and against rotative movemen'. by screws 40 which extend through the sleeve )17 into the body of said boards or disks. The cross connection or wiring on said boards or disks will be described later in connection with the other wiring forming the circuit of the tool or hammer as a whole.

Associated with said cross connection boards, are commutator disks 41, 42, respectively. Said commutators are placesg adjacent the opposed faces of the as A ciated disks 38 and 39, and are non-rotatively fixed thereto by means of sleeves 43, through which the shaft 25 extends and has rotative bearing. Said commutators are of the usual construction, comprising segments which are insulated from each other. Fixed to the opposed faces of said commutators and insulated therefrom are collector rings 44, 45, in the form of metallic disks, of a diameter somewhat smaller than that of the associated commutator. The commutators 41, 42, are connected in circuit to the associated cross connection boards in a manner presently to be described.

Itor rings 44, 45, is a disk 46 Fixed to the shaft 25 between the collecof insulating material which is and will be hereinafter referred to as a brush holding disk. Mounted on said disk approximately'diametrically opposite each other and near the periphery, are carbon, distributer brushes 47, 48, which have wiping engagement with the faces of the segments of the commutators 41 and 42. Said carbon brushes are mounted in the usual manner, in tubes having springs which maintain said carbon brushes in engagement with said segments. Associated with said carbon brushes and electrically connected therewith are take-ofi" brushes 49 and 50 respectively, which are in the form of flat leaf springs that have wiping engagement with the peripheries of said collector rings 45, 46, respectively.

Upon the inner surface of the head 12, is mounted a resistance coil 51 which is connected to one brush of the motor 35. This resistance member has contacts 51l which are adapted to be engaged by a switch lever 53 pivoted on said head in a sition to be conveniently manipulated by t e hand of the operator.

54 indicates the positive wire of the main line circuit, which is connected to the collector ring 44 and indicates the negative wire of said main line circuit which is connected to the other collector ring 45. A lead wire 54n connects the positive line wire 54 to the other brush of the motor and a lead wire 55 connects the negative line wire 55 to the lever 53. It is apparent that the 'speed of the motor armature shaft may be readily 'controlled by the lever 53.

I will now describe the circuit Wire connections between the solenoids 21 and the cross connection boards 38, 39, and the circuit wire connections between said boards and the associated commutators 41 and 42 respectively. In Fig. 6 is illustrated diagrammatically, the several solenoid coils 21 which are numbered consecutively from 1 to 40 for the sake of convenience. The first thirty-one solenoid coils (numbered 1 to 31) are tapped by bridge pieces 21x shown in Fig. 6 on the bottom side of said solenoid coils. The last thirty-one solenoid coils (numbered 10 to 40) are likewise tapped by bridge pieces 21y shown in Fig. 6 on the top side of said solenoid coils.

Each cross connection board 38, 39, has a plurality of binding posts or pins, in this case sixty, which are spaced at equal, angular distances apart. For the purposes of following out the circuit, these pins in both cases are numbered (see Figs. 6 and 6") on the top halves of the said boards, from 1 to 31 in clockwise order, and on the bottom halves of said boards` from 2 to 30 in counter-clockwise order. The pins numbered from 2-2 to 30-30 inclusive, on both IDU boards 38, 39, are connected together by cross wires 38, 39", respectively.

There are as many segments in each commutator as there are bindin pins on each cross connection board and t e segments of each commutator are numbered consecutively in clock wise order from 1 to 60.

The segments numbered 1 to 31 of the commutator 41 are connected by associated wires indicated at a in Fig. 6", to the binding pins numbered 1 to 31 on the top half of the cross connection board 38 while the segments numbered 32 to 60 inclusive, of said commutator 41 are connected by associated wires indicated at a1 in said ii re, to the binding pins numbered 30 back to 2 on the bottom half of said cross connection, to the tap-in bridge pieces 21x of the solenoid coils numbei-ed 1 to 31 inclusive, by a plurality of wires indicated as a whole by b. (See Figs. 6 and 6).

Taking anysegment of the commutator 41 as an example, say segment #16, and following up its wiring connection through the board 38 it will be found that one of the wires a connects said segment with binding pin 16 on the top half of the board 38, then down through a wire 38'l to the pin 16 on the bottom half of the board 38, then through the associated wire al to the segment 46 of said-commutator 41. Said segment 16 is connected to the bridge piece 21L between the solenoid coils numbered 15 and 16 and the segment 46 also is connected to the said bridge piece between the coils 15 and 16 by one of the wires b through one of the wires 38 on the cross connection board 38.

The segments numbered 11 to 41 of the commutator 42 are connected by associated wires indicated at 0 in Fig. 6", to the binding pins numbered 1 to 31 on the tophalf of the cross connection board 39, while the segments numbered 42 back to 10 on the bottom half of said commutator are connected by associated wires indicated at c1 in said figure, to the binding pins numbered 30 back to 2 on the bottom half of the cross connection board 39. The'wires c just mentioned are connectedA to the tap-in bridge pieces 21y of the solenoid coils 10 to 40 inelusive V by a plurality of wires indicated at in Figs. 6 and 6". Taking any segment in said commutator 42, say segment 26, and following up its wiring connection through the board 39, it will be found that one of the wires c connects said segment with the binding pin 16 on the top half of the board 39, then down through the wire 39 to the pin 16'on the bottom half ofthe board 39, then through the associated wire c1 to the segment 56 of said commutator 42. Said segment 26 is connected to the bridge piece 21y between the solenoid coils numbered 25 and 26, by one of the wires d and the segment 56 is also connected to said bridge piece between the coils 25 and 26 by one of the wires d and through one of the wires 39n on the cross connection board 39.

The commutators 41 and 42 are so arranged in the casing 10 that their associated brushes which are 180 apart on the brush disk 46, are but ten segments apart, so that when the brush 47 of the commutator 41 engages segments 2 of said commutator, brush 48 of commutator 42 engages segments 12 of said commutator. The circuit then, is through the collector ring 44 to brushes 47, 49, and segment 2, through associated wires a and b to the tap-in bridge piece 21X between solenoids numbered 1 and 2, through the first ten solenoids (it being remembered that said coils are in series) out to the wires d connected to the bridge pieces 21y between solenoids 11 and 12, through the associated wires d and c back to segment 12 of commutator 42 through the brushes 48 and 50, to the collector ring 45. Thus, there are always ten solenoid coils energized to produce the magnetism to attract the plunger 31.

As the motor 35 imparts rotative movement to the shaft 25, said shaft will carry with it the brush disk 46, thus producing a wiping contact between the brushes 47 and 48 and the segments of the associated commutators. When the brush 48 is on segment #40 of the commutator 42, the brush 47 is on segment #30 of commutator 41. With the brushes in this position, it will be seen that solenoid coils #30 to #40 inclusive, will be energized, the intermediate coils having been energized and denergized, producing a magnetic wave .which travels through the coils, attracting and carrying with it the plunger 31 which is now at the limit of its inward stroke toward the head end of the hammer, as a whole. When brush 47 is on segment #31 of commutator 41, brush 48 is on segment #41 of commutator 42. The magnetic field will at this point be stopped momentarily and reversed so that it will again be in advance of the core, which will now move in the opposite direction, or toward the tool end of4 the hammer.

When brush 48 is 0n segment #42 of commutator 42, brush 47 is on segment 32 of commutator 41. The circuit is then through collector ring 4,5, brushes 50 and 48 to said ent 42, through the associated wire c1 to binding pin #30 on the bottom half of board 39 through the associated cross connection wire 39* to the pin 30 on the top half of the board 39 out through one of the wires d connected to the last mentioned pin 30, to bridge piece 21", tapping in between solenoid coils 39 and 40 through the next ten coils, out at bridge piece 21x, between solenoid coils 29 and 30, down through the associated wire b to pin 30 on the @up half of the board 38, through the cross connection Wire 38x11 to pin 30 on the bottom half of said board, through the associated wire c to segment #30 of commutator 11, through brushes 47 and 4:9 and then to the collector ring 44.

It is manifest from the foregoing description, that there is a pre-determined number of solenoids in excess of one half of the segments on a commutator, and that one half of the segments of one of said commutators are connected in succession to the solenoids beginning at one end of the series and the corresponding half of the segments of the other commutator are connected in succession to -the other side of said solenoids, beginning at that one of the solenoids which is spaced from the same end of the series, by a number of solenoids substantially equal to the said pre-determined number, and that each of the other half of the segments of the commutators are cross connected to the same solenoids successively but in a reverse direction and in opposite order, through the cross connection boards before mentioned.

As the'magnetic wave thus produced, travels toward the front 01' tool end of the hammer, it will attract and move the plunger in the direc-tion of the travel of the Wave, the plunger striking the tool vholder and imparting the' necessar)7 impact to the tool 16. It is apparent that the travel of the wave is shiftedby a continuous moving member, so that there is no stopping or retarding of the means causing a reversal of the magnetic wave. Thus arcing, with its attendant heat, is eliminated.

Suitable means are provided to prevent a formation of an air cushion at the tool end of the hammer. An opening 1-1 in the tool holder permits excess air to pass from in front of the hammer. Similar air escape ports are provided in the disks 28, 23, for the escape' of such air when the plunger is moving toward the head end of the hammer, but these ports need not be large, as it is desired to use some of this air to forma cushion to prevent the plunger from striking the disk 28 when it is moving in the direction just mentioned.

My improved electric hammer has many advantages. It is evenly balanced and operates efiiciently, irregardless of the angle at which it is used. It is light in weight, when the Weight of other hammers of the same size and eiiiciency are considered, and the parts may be fully assembled before placing them Wit-hin the casing.-

The plunger may be caused to reciprocate at a speed proportionate to the speed of the 'brush disk, thus there may be a reasonable variance in the number of strokes or impacts per minute, of the hammer as a whole.

While in describing my invention, I have referred to certain details of mechanical conl struction and arrangement of circuit wires,

I do not wish to be limitedi'thereto, except ,as may be pointed out in the appended claims.

I lclaim as my invention:

1. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a plurality of solenoids connected in series and arranged in longitudinal succession with a common axis, a core constituting a hammer, movable with respect to said solenoids, two commutators having a like number of segments, the number of solenoids exceeding one half of the number of segments of a commutator by a predetermined number, one half of the number of segments of one of said commutators being connected in succession to the solenoids, beginning at one end of the series. and the corresponding segments of the other commutator being connected in succession to the other side ot' said solenoids, but beginning at that one of the solenoids which is spaced from the :same end of the series by a number of 'solenoids substantially equal to the said predetermined number, and each of the other half of the number of segments of the columntators being cross connected to the same solenoids successively, but in reverse direction and in opposite order.

2. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a plurality of solenoids connected in series and arranged in longitudinal succession with a. common axis, a core constituting a hammer, movable with respect to said solenoids, two commutators having a like number of segments, the number of solenoids exceeding one half of the number of segments of a commutator by a pre-determined number, one half of the number of segments of one of said commutators being connected in succession to the solenoids, beginning at one end of the series, and the corresponding segments of the other commutator being connected in succession to the other side of said solenoids, but beginningr at that one of theI solenoids which is spaced from the same end of the series by a number of solenoids substantially equal to the said pre-determined number, and each of the other half of the numbers of segments of the commutators being cross connected to the 'same solenoids successively, but in reverse direction and in opposite order, a collector ring associated with each commutator and a. rotative brush operatively connecting each collector ring with the segments of the associated commutator.

3. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a plurality of solenoids connected in series and arranged in longitudinal succession with a common axis, means providing angularly spaced rails within said solenoids', a core constituting a hammer capable of reciprocating movement on said rails, two commutators having a like number of segments, the number of solenoids exceeding one half of the number of segments of a commutator by a pre-determined number, one half of the number of segments of one of said commutatore being connected in succession to the solenoids, beginning at one end of the series, and the corresponding segments of the other commutator being connccteglwin succession to the other side of said solenoids, but beginning at that one of the solenoids which is spaced from the same end of the series by a number of solenoids substantially equal to the said pre-determined number, and each of the other half of the numbers of segments of the commutators being cross connected to the same solenoids successively but in reverse direction and in opposite order, a collector ring associated with each commutator and a rotative brush operatively connecting each collector ring with the segments of the associated commutator.

4. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a plurality of solenoids connected in series and arranged in longitudinal succession with a common axis, means providing angularly spaced rails within said solenoids, a core constituting a hammer capable of a reciprocating movement on said rails, a rotative shaft in line with the axis of said solenoids, two commutators having a like number of segments, the number of solenoids, exceeding one half of the number of segments of a commutator by a pre-determined number, one half of the number of segments of one of said commutators being connected in succession to the solenoids, beginning at one end of the series and the corresponding segments of the other commutator being connected in succession to the other side of the solenoids, but beginning at that one of the solenoids which is spaced from the same end of the series by a number of solenoids substantially equal to the said Ere-determined number and each ofthe other alf of the numbers of segments of the commutators being cross connected to the same solenoids successively but in reverse direction and in opposite order, a collector ring associated with each commutator, and a brush operatively connecting each collector ring with the segments of an associated commutator, said brushes being angularly spaced apart and rotative with said shaft.

5. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a plurality of solenoids connected in series and. arranged in longitudinal succession with a common axis, means providing angularly spaced rails within said solenoids, a core constituting a hammer capable of a reciprocating movement on said rails two commutators having a like number of segments, the number of solenoids exceeding one half of the number of segments of a commutator by a redetermined number, one half of the num r of segments of one of said commutators being connected in succession to the solenoids, beginning at one end of the series, and the corresponding segments of the other commutator being connected in succession to the other side of said solenoids, but beginning at that one of the solenoids which is spaced from the same end of the series by a number of solenoids substantially equal to the said pre-determined number, and cach of the other half of the numbers of segments of the colnmutators being cross connected to the same solenoids successively, but in reverse direction and in opposite order, a collector ring associated with each commutator, a rotative brush operatively connecting each collector ring with the segments of the associated commutator, said brushes being angularly spaced apart; and means for rotating said brushes at different speeds.

6. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a plurality of solenoids, connected in series and arranged in longitudinal succession with a common axis, means providing angularly spaced rails Within said solenoids, a core constituting a hammer capable of a reciprocating movement on said rails, a

.rotative shaft in line with the axis of said solenoids, two commutatore having a like number of segments, the number of solenoidsexceeding one half of the number of segments of a commutator by a predetermined number, one half of the number of segments of one of said-commutators being connected in succession to the solenoids, beginning at one end ot' the series, and the corresponding segments of the other commutator being connected in succession to the other side of said solenoids, but beginning at that one of the solenoids which is spaced from the same end of the series by a number of solenoids substantially equal to the said pre-determined number, and each of the other half of the numbers of segments of the commutators being cross connected to the same solenoids successively but in reverse direction and in o posite order, a collector ring associated with each commutator, a brush disk fixed to said shaft, brushes on said brush disks operatively connecting each collector ring with the segments of the associated commutator, and means for rotating said shaft at different speeds. l

7. An electro-magnetic tool comprising a tubular casing, a tool holder at one end of the casing and a handle at the other end of the casing, a plurality of solenoids connected in series and arranged in longitudinal succession with a common axis within the casing, meansA providing rails within said solenoids, a core constituting a hammer reciprocable on said rails, spaced commutators having a like number of segments 1n the handle end of said casing, the number of solenoids exceeding one half of the num-4 ber of segments of a commutator by a predetermined number, one half of the number of segments of one of said commutators being connected in succession to the solenoids, beginning at one end of the series, and the corresponding segments of the other commutator being connected in succession to the other side of sa-id solenoids, but beginning at that one of the solenoids which is spaced from the same end of the series by a number .of solenoids substantially equal to said predetermined number, cross connection boards adjacent each commutator connecting the other half of the segments of the commutators to the same solenoids but in reverse direction and in opposite order, a collector ring fixed to the inner face of and associated with each commutator, a rotative shaft arranged in line with thev axis of said solenoids, a disk fixed to said shaft between said commutators, brushes carried by said disk and operatively cnnectin each collector ring with the segments o the associated commutator, and means in said casing for rotating said shaft.

In testimony that I, claim the foregoing as my invention I aiiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses, this 12th day of July A. D. 1917.

GEORGE M. PAINTER.

Witnesses:

T. H. ALFREDs, KARL W. DOLL.

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