US127142A - Improvement in machines for planing the facets of polygonal bars, nuts - Google Patents

Description

. 33h S--Sh l.' WILLIAM F. BATHo. e e

improvement in Machinesfor Planing .the Facets of Polygonal Bars, Nuts, &c. l.

N0. 127,142, atented May 28,1872.

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Improvement in Machines for Planng the Facets of Polygonal Bars, Nuts, &C.

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No. 127,142, r Patented May 287.1372. l lgl UNITED STATEs PATENT OEEICE.

WILLIAM EOTHEEGILL BATHo, `0E BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND, AssIGNoE To WILLIAM sELLEEs a oo., or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN'MACHINES FOR PLANlNG THE FACETS 0F POLYGONAL BARS. NUTS, Sac.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,142, dated May 28, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM FOTHERGILL BATHO, of Birmingham, in the county of Warwick, in England, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Machines for Planing or Guttin g and Shaping Metals, Woods, or other Materials, for which Letters Patent for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, were granted to me on the 20th day of May, 1868, and sealed November 17,1868; and I do hereby declare that the following is a specification of such of my said improvements as I desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States.

It is the object of my invention to plane, cut, or shape, simultaneously, two or more of the sides or surfaces of nuts, tubes, or rods, and, to this end, my improvements consist of the combination of a series of radial cutter-spindles, with mechanism for sustaining and traversing the material to be operated upon in a direction perpendicular to the axes of the cutter-spindles. My invention further consists in a mode of combining and operating the cutters for planing,

cutting, or shaping the dat surfaces upon the work, in virtue o f which the path or circle described by the cutting-edge of one cutter in its revolution intersects the path of the cuttingedge ofthe simultaneously-acting adjacent cutter, without any collision between the several cutting-edges, so that two or more iinished faces, each of less width than the cutting-edges, may be simultaneously cut or shaped upon the'work.

In the accompanying drawing, which makes part of this specification, the foregoing features of my said improvements are exemplified in a machine for shaping or iinishing hexagonal nuts; and of this machine Figure lis a sectional elevation; Fig. 2, a plan, partly in section; Fig. 3, a sectional plan at the line A A of Fig. 1, showing the feed motion; and Fig. i an elevation of the 'device for starting and stopping the feed. y

A hollow cylindrical frame, c, affords suitable bearings for the working parts. Suitably mounted in the frame is a shaft, b1, on the outer end of which is Xed a driving-pulley, b, while on its inner end is iixed a bevel-pinion, c. A

hollow bearing, e, forms part of the main frame, and upon this hollow bearing the long hollow boss c3 of an annular bevel-wheel, c2, turns freely. The upper end of this long hollow boss is rmly secured in the central opening of an annular bevelf-wheel, c1, which gears into the pinion c on the shaft b1. By means of a collar or washer, d, secured on the lower end of the hol low bearing c, the bevel-wheels c1 and c2 are prevented from falling and better secured in their places'. By this arrangement the bevelinion c on the shaft blL receivin motion from u,

the pulley b, imparts it to the bevel-wheel c2 through its hollow boss c3, so that this wheel c2 serves as a common driver to all of the spindies, and actuates them simultaneously, as will be presently further described. The cutterspindles or tool-carriers f are, in this instance,

arranged radially, at equal distances apart, around a common center, and (as is preferable in all cases, whatever may be the number of the spindles) in a horizontal plane. The inner end of each spindle is suitably adapted to receive and hold properly a cutting-tool having cutting-edges of any required form, (those shown in the drawing being similar to the roughing-out drills used in Cotter-drilling` ma.

chines,) and the spindles are adjusted by means of any of the approved appliances for adjusting revolving drill-spindles,though the mode shown in the drawingY is one which I have 'found eeetive, and which consists in casting a bracket, c', on the frame with a hollow shaft or bush, h sliding freely upon the bracket. The

bush or Vshaft h has a screw-thread cut on its surfacetotakeinto correspondingfemale screws within the bosses of hand-wheels k1 k2. rIhe shaft h is grooved longitudinallyto slide upon a key, l, which prevents it from turning. The spindle maybe traversed in or out by turning the wheel k1, which acts upon the screwed surface of the shaft h, and it. may be locked at any point of its traverse by turning the wheel k2, which acts as a jam or lock-nut. Bythese means each of the spindles may be advanced and adjusted to work, or retracted to remain inoperative, or for any desired change of the cutters. For cutting or shaping iiat surfaces, and especially for work such as that exemplified in the drawing, in which the finished faces of the nuts respectively, are to be of less width than the width of the cutting-ed ges, I make the cuttingtools m of flat steel, and so adj ust them in their respective spindles that when in operation one cutter is half a revolution in advance of the cutter next adjacent to iton each side, by which arrangement, when one cuttin g-edge is vertical, the one adjacent to it on each side is horizontal, and the path or circle described by the cutting-edges of one cutter in its revolution intersects the path or circle described by the cuttin g-edges of the adjacent cutters, but without coming into collision with either of them. The traversing-frame nl n2, which carries the work to be operated upon by the cutting-tools, consists of a three-armed casting or cross-head,u1, near the top of the frame a, and a dish-shaped casting, n2, near the bottom of the frame, these two castings beingconnected together by three rods or sliding shafts, n3 n4 a5. The concave casting n2 has a convex central boss, o, which carries an ordinary steel center socket or chuck, o1, conforming to the work being shaped, and it has a long lower hollow cylindrical part, o2, projecting downward concentric with the boss or chuck o1. On the exterior of this cylindrical part o2 a screw is cut, the purpose or function of which screw will be presently described. The cuttings or shavings from the work pass to the hollow cylinder o2 through radial openings p p in the concave n2, which thus receives the whole of the waste products of the cutting and discharges them through the cylinder o2, preventing any damage or obstruction thereby to the operation of the machine. The crosshead nl has a central opening, in which a screwshaft, q, works a cone or center, u. It is traversed in the opening by means of a hand-wheel, q1, and has below the cross-head a lock-nut, g2, and handles for turning it. l

In the operation of this machine the nuts are placed upon a mandrel, r, which is centered between the cone u and the socket or boss o1, in which a suitable recess is provided for the reception of this mandrel or of its shank.l Two vises or chucks, or other convenient means adapted tov the form of the work to be shaped, may be substituted for the boss and the center u to grasp the work firmly. A three-armed casting, s, of a form suited to the-kind of work to be shaped, serves to steady the nuts while being operated upon.

The feed-motion is imparted to the sliding frame nl n2 in the following manner: A shaft, t1 suitably mounted in the lower part of the frame a, carries at its outer end a speed-cone, t, which is to be driven directly from a corresponding speed-cone, b2, on the shaft b1. On the inner end of the shaft t1 is fixed a bevelpinion, t2, which gears with two bevel-pinions, ci c2, placed loosely upon a cross-shaft, c4, which cross-shaft is moved endwise by means of an ordinary clutch and feather device, so as to drive the cross-shaft in either direction desired by bringing one or the other of the pinions nl n2 finto gear with the pinion t2, or by leaving the `clutch midway between the pinions c1 and c2,

v'sothat neither of them is in gear with the pin- -ion t2, the cross-shaft remains at rest. proper point on the cross-shaft c4 a worm, wf, \is mounted so as to-engage wit-h the teeth of a Ata worm-wheel, fw, which is mounted upon'the lowercylindrical hollow screw o2 ofthe concave n2 hereinbefore described, and this worm-wheel Yw has a screwed boss or center adapted to the screw on the part o2 of the concave a2. Through these combinations motion is imparted to the hollow screw 02 and its concave a2, so as to feed the work up or down according as the forked clutch is moved to bring the bevel-pinion o1 or onal slot, m5, cut in the lower end of a vertical,

sliding-shaft, w3, guided by suitable bearings, which carries two tappets, x4 x5, that are adjustable (by means of set-screws) up and down on the shaft A strap, c5, is attached by one end to the sliding clutch on the cross-shaft @4 and by its other end to the slide acl. By so'adjustin g these tappets that thc outer edge of the dish or concave n2 shall, in its upward and downward movements, come in contact with one or the other of these tappets, the traverse ofthe frame will be arrested, for as the stud x2 receives from the diagonal slot x6 in both the upward and downward motion ofthe sliding shaft a transverse motion of an extent equal to the inclination of the slot x6, it is obvious that each movement of the shaft moves the slide in one direction or thc other, and thus acts directly upon the clutch on the cross-shaft 124;' it is, therefore, only requisitethat the inclination of the diagonal slot should be great enough to move the clutch sufficiently far to disengage the bevel-pinion c1 or c2 from the pinion t2, and to so adjust the tappets that the shaft w3 shall be lifted far enough to make the stud traverse the slot.

Although I have described and illustrated my improvements as applied to a machine having six cutting-tools and adapted to shape hexagonal nuts, it is obvious that any other number of cutters or tools desired may be operated, and, except where only two tools were used, it would not be necessary in any case to turn the work. For cutting work that is to be triangular in its cross-section, it would only be necessary to remove three of the cutters in the machine represented in the. drawing, leaving the alternate three cutters to operate upon the three faces to be shaped. For more than six faces it would of course be necessary to increase the number of spindles and cutters.

The sectional outline of the finished surfaces may also be varied by using cutters having' edges conformable to the shape desired- 21s, for example, if the cutters had convex ends and th eseends were providedwith theusual grooved or serrated cutting-edges, the faces vshaped by them would have corresponding' hollow or concave forms.

4By imparting to the work being shaped a rotatory motion simultaneous with theup or down traversing motion hereinbefore described, the work would have, in addition to its vertical feed, a spiral feed around a common axis, and the shaped faces would present a corresponding spiral finish of a pitch conformable to the relative speeds of the two eedlnotions. This rotatory feed-motion can be derived by any of the Well-understood and approved devices for that purpose in machine-tools.

What I claim as niyinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1si e 1. The combination of the series of radial spindles and the series of flattened cutters with Witnesses:

J on. I. PEYToN, Enum: C. DAvrDsoN.

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