US1268272A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

E. Ri NWTN.

ELASTIC FLLHD TUREINE.

APPLICATION HLED MAR. 9. 19u.

Patented J une 4, 1918.

3 SHEETSv-SHEET l.

E. R. NEWTON.

EL'ASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLfcATson min MAR* 9. 19| r.

Patented Juno 4, 1918 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Inventor Atiornm.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EABLE B. NEWTON, F NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR T0 INTERNATIGNAL CURTIS MARINE TURBINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORLPRATION 0F TEST VIRGINIA.

ELASTICI-FLUID TURBINE.

Patented June 4, 1918.

Application led March 9, 1917. Serial No. 153,593.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EARLE R. NEWTON, a

" citizen of the United States, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Elastic- F luid Turbine, of which the following is a specification.

y invention relates to improvements in elastic Huid turbines and has particular ref erence to such turbinesI used for the propulsion of ships.

`The objects I have in View are to so construct and arrange an elastic fluid turbine as to obtain a high efliciency at both reduced power, and high power and to secure a de sired'division of power between certain parts of the turbine.

These and further objects will more Vfully appear from the following specification and accompanying drawings `considered together or separately.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates a turbine design and arrangement embodyin my invention.

Fig. 2 1 lustrates a modification in which the turbine embodying my invention is arranged to operate as an additional or cruisin turbine, and

i 3 illustrates a further modification in Whic the low pressure elements of the turbine is divided into two groups and geared to the propeller shaft.

In all views, like parts are 'designated by the same reference characters.

Accordin to the present invention I secure high e ciency at reduced power and reduced revolutions by arranging a sufficient number of stages or row's of blades to operate in series to obtain the proper ratio between the steam speed and the blade speed, for high elhciency. At high power and high revolutions someof the stages or rows of blades arelarranged to operate in parallel.

VIn this way the number of stages or rows of blades operating in series is reduced and the ratio between the steam speed andthe blade speed necessary for high eiiciency is maintained.

By` dividing the turbine into groups of stages or rows of blades and properly proportioning the ow of `steam through these sta es or rows of blades I am able to secure a' esired division of power.

(i of the high pressure group 2. The ci;-Y

haust end of the group 2 is provided with a pipe 7 which communicates with the inlet o1' the low pressure group 3. Live steam may bc admitted to the group 2 through an inlet pipe 8. The exhaust end of thegroup lis connected to the inlet of the low pressure group 3 by means of a pipe 9. A pipe 1U offers communication between the shells of the groups 1 and 2 back of the first stages or rows of blades in each group so that part of the steam which passes through the first stages of one group may be made to pass over to the other group and to unite with the steam which has passed through the first stages of this group.

he low pressure group 3 .is mounted on a propeller shaft 11 and delivers its power directly to such shaft and the shafts 12 and 13 of the high pressure groups 1 and 2 respecn tively are arranged to drive the shaft 11 through a speed reduction gear 14. The louT ressure group 3 is provided with an ex- Eaust 15 which communicates with a condenser (not shown).

The pipes 5, 9 and 10 respectively have valves 18, 20 and 19.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1 the inlet 8 is closed at reduced power and all of the steam is admitted to group 1 through the inlet 4 and flows in seras through all the stages or rows of blades in this group, then through the pipe 5 to the chest 6 of group 2, Hows in series through all the stages or rows of blades in this group, then through the pipe 7 to the low pressure group 3 arl thence to the exhaust 15.

At high power the steam is divided. A large proportion, say three fourths, for example, is admitted to group 1 through the inlet 4 and the remaining one-fourth of the tho irsl slugos or rows#y oF blades4 olf the two groups in parallol. The larger volume ol floani allor passing lhrough tho lirsl; Stuugvs or rows4 ol' lilnflos in the group 1 sub (liriflrs und tno-thirdsr oi this` steam, oquul 1oonr-lulllollho tolal strain. flous through thil pipo ll) to group l and unites with the sinullur volume which has passwd through tir irsl stag'os or rows of bindt-s in this jfroup. 'l`hu strain thon flows through the ronminiug .stages or rows of blades of the tuo Igroups still in parallel ono-fourth ol' the total strani now flowing through group 1. and thrrwfourths through group 2. The

strani thon flows through the pipes 9 und to ilu: low pressure part 2l ol the turbine and thonro to the exhaust 15.

'When operating with tho sloom lion ing 'in sorios through [lnl groups l and` 2, tho inlet S u'ill be Closed. tho pipo l0 will lle Closed, lay moans of; tho valve lll. tho pipo il will lao vlosrfd by ibo mln; 2G. and the valve lo will be opened.

Thon operating' with thastoniu ilfwing in pni'ullol through the groups l und the inlet 8 will bf, opened, the volw;-

will bf: (flosoil and the valves 19 and 20 opened.

From thu foregoing du oription it is appart-nt that at roduced powvr all of the steam flows in series tl'nough all oi' the stages or Vous o'lE blades in the two high pressure `g'rfmps. und :it high power the steam flows in parallel through the stages of these two grrnips and the innnlugr of stages operating in serios is materially re ilurorl. ily proprrlj,r proporiioniug the division ol the flowV admitted to Bach group and the division of the ilow passing through [he latin' stages or rows ol blades these groups may he made to deliw-,r equal powers.

ln the oinluxliment oi the invention shown in Fig. i2, the propeller shaft l1 is provided `with a clutch 16 between the reduction lgearing 14 and the main turbine 3, the turbine 3 has :t live steam inlet 17 provided with a, valve 22 and the pipe 7 between the ,Cgjroui` 2 and tho main turbine il has` a valve 31.

lo thisl embodiment ol tho invcnition the tui-hihiA compost-l of the groups l and 2 is u'hrif is commonly7 known as 'the cruising tui'lliio. f

lh rrruisiug turbine comprises :1 plurality ol' stagosor rows ol blades divided into tun groups on separate shafts. At high power. that is, high cruising;` speeds, the steam flows thi-ugh these two groups in parallel divided and proportioned in the same manner as in the high pressure groups 1 and :2, Fig. l hereinbefore described. At reduc-od cruising speeds andreduced power, all the steam flows in series through all the .ftagns or rows of blades of these groups in the same manner as in igh pressure groups 1 and Fig. 1 hereinbefore described. The group 3 is the low pressure element of the turbine at all cruising speeds and receives thoy exhaust steam from group Q of the oruis ing turbine at thv low cruising speeds and 'l'roin'liolh lgroup 1 and group 2 at the high cruising speeds.

.Xt spirals higflnu llmn tho rruising speeds lw cruisingturbiney is rliwounooted by moans ol" lho clutch 1i; and :he propeller shaft is (lrirou by tho group 3 alone, live steam boing adl'niltf-il ther-oto through the pipo` i7 cfrmtrollod by tha ralvo 2 2, the ralws 'J0 and '2l boing closed.

In tho embodiment or' the :invention illustrated iu Fig. Il. the turbino composed of two high pressure groups l und i5 of stages olf rows oi' hindos arranged on shafts 12 and. lil resportiw-:ly und two low pressure groups l" .ind 2 of' stzigros or rows of blades mountoll un separato sha l'fs 2,3 and respectively. '.lln shalls 1:6, lf3. 23 und 24 are arranged to drive tho propeller shaft il through a. rmlurtion rear l,

The exhaust nd ol" tho group 2 is proriiluil with a pipe T whi'h commnnioates with the inlet of the low pressure groups 3a unil V*The exhaust er1-.rl of the group l is connected by a pipo il having' auvalve 2Oa with the inlet of' the low pressure groups. The pipes 7 und 9a aro connected to a man- ,folli in which the stra-.ln is divided and an equal amount delivered to eanh low pressure group.

Tho low pressure stages or rows of blades are divided into two double iow groups in ubit-h the inlet is at tho @entr-r und the Steam Hows in both directions to the exhausts 15 at the ends of each group.

The operation of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 3 is the same as that shown in Fig. 1 with the exception that after the steam passes through the groups 1 and 2 it is divided and one-half of the flow passes through each ofthe groups 3 and 3l* of the low pressure stages or rows 0i blades.

In the foregoing specification, and following claims l use the term Stearm I use this term as aconvenient means for describing an elastic Huid of any kind, suitable for driving;r a turbine.

Any form of transmission ma, be em ployed, the mechanical gearing sown being solelynfor purpose of illustration, and il desired tho gearing ma be dispensed with and power taken directly off the shafts 12 and 13.

In rocordance with the provisions of the patentstatutcs I have described the principlo of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof, but I desire to have it understood hat the apparatus shown is merely illustrative, and that' the invention/may be carried out in other ways. y

fl i) carrying the steam from the exhaust end of the lirst group to the inlet of the second group, means for carrying the steam from the exhaust end of the second grmip to the inlet of the low pressure stages or rows of blades, whereby all the steam flows in series through all thr" stages or rows of blades of the high pressure groups then through the low pressure stages or rowsl ol blades to the exhaust, roe-Lus l'or admitting the initial steam to hoth groups nt high power, means for subdividing the steam after it has passed the, first. stages or rows oi' blades, ineens for carrying the steam from the exhaust end of euch group to the inlet of the low pressure stages or .rows of blades, wlierel'iy the steum flows in parallel through the first stages or rows ol' blades of the two groups, suhdivides und Hows still in parallel hut in changed proporlions through the renmining singes or rows of blades oi the high pressure groups, whereby a desired division of power between the. shafts muy be maintained, then through theqlyw pressure stugrs or rows of blades to thevxhaost.

8. A. steam turbine comprising higlh pressure stages or rows of blades and dou )le flow low pressure stages or rows of blades with the high pressure singes or rows arranged in two groups on seperate shafts, the low pres sure stages or rows olf blades being arranged in two groups on sep-.irate shufts,lmeans for admitting the initial. steam to one of the high pressure groups et reduced power, means for carrying the steam from the ex huust end of the first group to the inlet of the second group, Ineens for rnrrying the sieam from the exhuust end ola the second group to the -inlet ol the low inf-'ssure stages or rows of blades, whereby ill ihr ste-um flows in series through all thr` singes or rows of blades of the high pressure groups then through the low pressure stnges or rows oi" blades to the exhuust, means fm :ulu'xtiing the initial steam bolli lli-rh pressure groups at high power, means for ,'-suhcflividiug the steam :ifler it has passed the. first stages or rows oi' blades, menus for icuii-finir the steeni 'froy'n the mhuust und of eur-zi group to the inlet ol the low we rages or 'rows of blade 'eht-why non ilove in purullei through the lhrsl p of blades of the two groups Y floues still ill parallel l'fm. in I.; Y tions tirrimgh [he rrnmiuing; siepi of blades ol" the high preszumA mofsps, here by e, desired division of pou hi. r. i tlm shafts may be maintained, then through the low pressure singes or rows of filedes to the exhaust.

This specification signed und witnessed this seventh day of March, 1917.

Witnesses:

A. E. BENTON, J. G. MCDEBMOTL

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