US1260483A - Electrical system of distribution. - Google Patents

Description

W. ,A. TURBAYNE.

EIECTRICA-L SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION:

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21. m5. RENEWED FEB. 9. I918.

. 1,260,483. Patented Mar. 26, 1918.-

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William A. Turban n3 3140mm m @Mw 3% QK WI III-IL I/W I W. A. TURBAYNE. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION. APPLICATION FILED ram/21. 1915i RENEWED FEB. 9,1918.

1,260,483. Patented Mar. 26,1918.

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WILLIAlVI A. TUBBAYNE,

YORK.

OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEVI YGRK, ASSIGNQB TO U. S. LIGHT 5 HEAT CORPORATION, OF NIAGARA FALLS,

NE? YORK, A CORPORATION OF 'NEYV ELECTRICAL SYSTEM GE DISTRIBUTION.

Application filed May 27, 1915, Serial No. 30,740.

1b all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM A. Tunnarnn, citizen of the United States, residing at Niagara Falls, in the county of hliagara and State of New York, have invented new and useful improvements. in Electrical Systems of Distribution, 0t which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in electrical systems of distribution.

In many systems oi electrical distribution a constant potential source is employed to supply a lighting system and at the same time a widely fluctuating load. Such systems are employed in office buildings where a constant voltage source supplies the lights and also the electric elevators. It is, of course, very desirable that the lights shall be free from noticeable fluctuations. In order that the intermittent and heavy demands imposed by the elevator motors shall not re flect back on the lighting circuit, it is customary to' connect the lights across the constant voltage source and to inter-pose a booster of special type between the lighting circuit and the booster is so regulated that only current of a substantially constant value may pass through its armature, any excess demand of the load being supplied by storage battery which is connected across the fluctuating load circuit. The booster regulating means is so arranged that only a current equal to the average current requirement of the load and a small additional amount necessary to maintain the battery in charged. condition may pa ss therethrough. Should the demand of the -ductuating load exceed this predetermined. constant value, the regulating means will cause thevbooster to develop an E. M. F. causing a drop in voltage between the constant voltage source and the load, thereby causing the battery to discharge and supply the excess demand.

Systems of this type heretofore employed have not responded instantaneously to variations in the current demand with the result that the battery did not instantaneously take up the overload so that a portion or the demand was furnished by the constant voltage source, causing a disturbance in the lamp circuit. The sluggishness in action is due to various causes, resulting, for example, from a time lag in the regulator due to inertia in the regulating devices or a lag in Specification of Letters Patent.

fluctuating load. The

Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

Renewed February 9, 1918. Serial No. 216,393.

booster magnetism due to inductance in its lield windings or to hysteresis.

In a co-pending application, Serial No. 752,866, filed lVl-areh 8, 1918, l have described and claimed boost r system in which the booster regulating action is brought about entirely by its armature current and which will instantly respond to circuit conditions.

The present invention is a modification of the system described and claimed in said prior application.

An object of this invention is to provide improved means for increasing the rhnge of current values which the booster will permit the source to furnish to the variable load.

Another object is to provide improved means for adjusting the booster so as to nermit a predetermined constant current t5 be fur iSllQCl by the generating source to the varia ale loan.

Another object of the invention is to increase the sensitiveness of the booster.

These and other objects may be attained by t is embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 represents diagrammatically one embodiment of the invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 are vertical sections of the booster taken respectively in planes at right angles to the armature shaft and longitudinally of said shaft.

p ig. l represents use system.

ig. 1 illustrates a constant voltage source of any preferred type. in this instance a diagrammatically a modia series field 2, and shunt field 3. Suitable iutcmatic or other regulating means l may be employed to regulate the shunt field. A ighting circuit 5 and a variable load, here illustrated as meters 6, are connected across the main leads 7 and 8. A storage battery 9 is connected across the var'able load circuit, the number of cells of the battery being so chosen that the battery will neither charge nor discharge at the normal voltage of the source. A regulating booster is connected in series with the lead 7 between the lamp circuit and the storage battery.

The booster, shown more in detail in Figs. 2 and 3, comprises an armature 10, provided with two distinct armature windings 11 and 12, each connected with a commutator 13 or 1% in the usual manner. The armature revolves within a yoke 15, preferably of iron brushes. To provide neutral spaces to insure good commutation and sparkless operation of the brushes, therefore, the external ring is preferably cut away, as illustrated, forming the pole pieces.

The armature winding 11 is of comparatively high resistance and is connected by brushes 17 and 18 across the leads 7 and 8. The armature windlng 12 is of comparatively low resistance and is connected by brushes 19 and 20 in series in the lead 7.

' The booster is driven by any desired means as, for instance, by the motor 21 connected across the leads 7 and 8 and provided with a shunt-field 22 controlled by a startingbox 23.

Upon the passage of current through the with these brushes and upon rotation of the .armature, an E. M. F. will be developed across'the brushes 17 and 18 at right angles tothis flux axis. The windings are so proportioned that with the passage of the predetermined desired constant current through the winding 12, the"E.*M." F. developed across brushes 17 and 18 will be just equal to the E. M. F. of the source, so that no the load circuit will, therefore, be equal to the voltage of the source and the battery will just float across the line.

. Increase. of current through brushes 19 and 20, due to an increase in demand by the motors, will cause the E. F. developed acrossbrushes .17 and 18 to predominate over 'the'E. M. F. of the source, with the result that a current will flow between brushes 17 and 18 through the winding 11. A magnetic flux will consequently be set up in line with these brushes 17 and 18 whch will develop an E. M. F. acrossbrushes 19 and 20 in a direction to oppose the E. M. F.. of the source, causing, therefore, a. reduction in voltage across the fluctuating load circuit. Under these-conditions the battery will discharge into'the load circuit to meet the excess demand.

A decrease of current through brushes 19 and'20 below the normal demand. will, of course, result inthe'E. M. F. across brushes 17 .and 18 falling below. that of the source,

with'the result that current will flow between brushes 17 and 18 through the armature winding 11 in the opposite direction. This .just, as the-booster itself'does.

.tend to hold the current flowing through the brushes 19 and 20 to a constant normal value. The degree of departure from an absolutely constant value required to bring the regulating functions of the booster into action will be determined wholly by the proportioning of the armature windings both as to the relative number of effective turns and thelr resistance.

' The present invention provides improved means whereby the value of current permitted to pass. through the booster armature may be adjusted and varied as desired.

'Fig. 1 illustrates one method of accomplishing this result.

\Vindings 2% are disposed on the stationary magnetic members 16 of the booster.

"These windings are connected in series between the generator and the constant current (brushes of the booster. An adjustable shunt armature winding 12 connected through the l brushes 19 and 20, a magnetic flux will be developed having a symmetry axis in line 25 is connected across the windings 24 to control the value of current therethrough. These windings do not act as field windings and since they are not connected in the path ofthe regulating current, will not act to bring about delayed action of the booster as is the case with boosters depending onfield 'windmgs for their action. These windings will exert a substantially constant magnetizing effect-1n proportion to their adjustment,

setting up a flux in the direction from brush 19 to brush 20, or, in other words, in a directionto aid the magnetizing effect which causes changes-in voltage across the brushes 17 and 18. By varying the magnetizing effect of windings 24, the total magnetizing vefi'ectin the direction. from brush 19 to brush "20 will be variedso that a greater or other hand,willincrease the sensitiveness of regulation. The windings 24being highly inductive, will act as an inductive resistance connected between the constant potential source and the fluctuating load circuit, so

that upon sudden variations in demand upon the load circuit,'the counter voltage developed across thewmdmgs will develop an instantaneous voltage drop, tending to cause the battery to discharge to take the overload,

In other words, with'an instantaneous change in load,

the voltage developed between the constant voltage source and the battery will be the sum of the inductive drop in the windings 24c and the booster voltage developed across brushes 19 and 20, these two voltages in this case being in phase and therefore additive.

Winding 2d and the armature winding be tween brushes 19 and 20 act together along the same axis so that the magnetizing effect, accompanying changes in current throu h the line and which brings about changes in voltage across the brushes 17 and 18, will be due to the sum of the efiects of said two windings, so that very close regulation will result. t is the current flowing through the armature winding in the direction of brushes 1? and 18, which efiects regulation and therefore the presence of the stationary windings 24 on the external magnetic structure, will have no tendency to delay changes in flux in the direction of these brushes for the reason that the electro-motive forces developed in windings 24:, due to rapidly changing flux, are in opposition in adjacent coils and therefore cancel.

Fig. 4 illustrates a modified system. In this modification the stationary windings are connected in series across the line. preferably on the side of the booster adjacent the battery. The effect of these windings may be varied by means of an adjustable resistance 27 in series with the windings. The windings 26 will exert a substantially constant magnetizing efiect depending on their adjustment in a direction to augment or oppose the magnetizing effect of the arnn ture winding between brushes 19 and 20.

A reversing switch is preferably employed with either windings 24: in Fig. 1, or windings 26 in Fig. i, so that the effect of the fixed windings may be accumulative or differential.

It is obvious that a fixed external winding of comparatively small value be utilized to bring about a very decided change in the average value of the current permitted to flow through the booster, as the total magnetizing effect in the direction of brushes 19 and 20 will be due to the effects of the armature current flowing through these brushes, with the addition or subtraction. of the current flowing through the external fixed windings.

As an illustration it may be assumed that the armature windings across brushes 19 and 20 have fifty efiective turns and that the ex ternal fixed windings acting along the same axis have 50% of this value, or twenty-five turns. With forty amperes flowing in the same direction through these two sets of windings, there would be available 3000 ampere turns. If the external fixed windings are completely eliminated, there are effective 2000 ampere turns, whilefif the direction of current through the external windings is reversed and therefore opposes the current through the armature winding between brushes 19 and 20, only 1000 ampere turns will remain. Therefore, assuming forty amperes to be the mean average current which it is desirable to permit to flow through the booster, it will be possible, by the use of external windings having a maximum value of only 50% of the armature winding, to adjust the booster to maintain a minimum constant current rate of twenty amperes or a maximum constant current rate of sixty amperes, and obviously, by manipulation of the adjustable rheostat, any intermediate value between these quantities may be obtained.

It is obvious that various modifications in the arrangement of the system may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. The combination, in a system otelectrical distribution of a load circuit, a generator and a battery, each connected across leads of said load circuit, a dynamo-electric machine provided with armature windings connected in series between said generator and battery and provided with armature windings con nected across said leads, and means for augmenting o subtracting from the magnetiz ing effect produced by current in the armature windings in series between the generator and storage battery.

2. The combination, in a system of electrical. distribution of a load circuit, a generator and a battery, each connected across leads of said load circuit, a dynamo-electric machine provided with armature windings connected in series between said generator and battery and provided with armature windings connected across said leads, and means for varying the magnetizing effect of one of said a rm atu re windings.

The combination, in a system of electrical distribution of a load circuit, a generator and a battery, each connected. across leads of said load circuit, a dynamo-electric machine provided with armature windings connected in series between said generator and, battery and provided with armature windings connected across said leads, and a winding for assisting or subtracting from the effect of one of said armature windings.

4. The combination, in a system of electrical distribution of a load circuit, a generator and a battery, each connected across leads of said load circuit, a dynamo-electric machine provided with armature windings connected in series between said generator and battery and provided with armature windings connected across said leads, and an adjustable winding for assisting or subtracting from the efiect of one of said armature windings.

5. In combination, a pair of circuits between which there is a difference of voltage, and means for causing a practically constant current to flow therebetween, said means comprising a dynamo-electric machine having a portion of its armature windings connected by brushes in series between said circuits and a portion of its armature windings connected across one of said circuits by brushes spaced substantially ninety electrical degrees from said first brushes, and means for varying the relative magnetizing effects of current flowing in the armature windings in the direction of said respective sets of brushes.

6. In an electrical system of a distribution, a pair of leads, a constant potential source, an auxiliary source and a fluctuating load circuit connected across said leads, a constant current booster for determining the amount of load carried by each source, said booster having armature windings connected across said leads and said booster also having armature windings connected in series between said sources, and means for varying the magnetizing effect of current flowing in said last mentioned armature windings.

7. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant voltage source, an auxiliary source, a circuit adapted to carry a variable load supplied by said sources, a booster for determining the proportion of load carried by each source, said booster having its armature connected in series between said sources and being regulated solely by armature current whereby the regulating action of said booster is in absolute time relation with fluctuations in current from said sources, and adjustable means for aiding or opposing the magnetizing eii ect of current in said armature whereby the proportion of load supplied by each source may be adjusted.

8. In an electrical system of distribution, a pair of leads, a constant potential source connected across said leads, a regulating booster, said booster being provided with a pair of brushes connecting windings on the armature of said booster across said leads and said booster also being provided with a pair of brushes connecting windings on the armature of said booster in series with said source, said windings being so proportioned that a predetermined current through said series brushes will develop an electromotive force across said first pair of brushes exactly equal and opposed to the electro-motive force of said source whereby a decrease in said predetermined current will cause said source to send a current through said first pair of brushes in one direction and an increase in said predetermined current will cause the electro-motive force across said first pair of brushes to predominate over the electro-motive force of said source, and adjustable windings in series between said source and said series brushes, said windings setting up a magnetizing effect in phase with the magnetizing effect of said series armature winding whereby the current to be held constant by said l'r-ooster may be adjusted by the adjustment or said windings.

9. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant potential source, an auxiliary source, a fluctuating load circuit, and means for determining the amount of said lead carried by each source, said means including a constant current booster connected in series between said sources and an inductive resistance also connected in series between said sources.

10. In an electrical system of distribution, a constant potential source, a storage battery, a fluctuating load circuit, and means for determining the amount of load to be carried by said source and said battery, said means including a constant current booster having its armature connected in series between said source and load and being regulated by armature current, and an adjustable and reversible winding connected in series between said source and said booster whereby the effectiveness of said booster may be increased or decreased at will, depending on the adjustment of said winding.

In witness whereof. I have hereunto subscribed my name.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYN E.

copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). C.

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