US1260482A - Electrical system of distribution. - Google Patents

Description

'w. A; TURBAYNE. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION. APPLICATION FILED MAY'27. I9I5. RENEWED FEIi. 9,'l9I8.- 1,260,482.

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PatentedMal. 26, 1918.

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William A. Turbayne same/MM qwflmmeo flew,

W. A. TURBAYNE.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 21. 1915. RENEWED FEB. 9. ms.

Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

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lm memo if. M W [/(MMK UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO U. S. LIGHT & HEAT CORPORATION, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. Tun- BAYNE, a citizen of the United States, residin at Niagara Falls, in the county of Niagara and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electrical Systems of Distribution, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in electrical systems of distribution.

In many systems of electrical distribution a constant potential source is employed to supply a lighting system and at the same time a widely fluctuating load. Such systems are employed in oflicebuildings where a constant voltage source supplies the lights and also the electric elevators. It is, of

course, very desirable that the lights shall be free from noticeable fluctuations. In order that the intermittent and heavy demands imposed by the elevator motors shall not reflect back on the lighting circuit, it is customary to connect the lights across the constant voltage source and to inter-pose a booster of special type between the lighting circuit and the fluctuating load. The boosteris so regulated that only current of a substantially constant value may pass through its armature, any excess demand of the load being supplied by a storage battery which is connected across the fluctuating load circuit. The booster regulating means is so arranged that only a current equal to the average current requirement of the load and a small additional amount necessary to maintain the battery in charged condition may pass therethrough. Should the demand of the fluctuating load exceed this predetermined constant value, the regulating means will cause the booster to develop an E. M. F. causing a drop in voltage between the contant voltage source and the load, thereby causing the battery to discharge and supply the excess demand.

Systems of this type heretofore employed have not responded instantaneously to variations in the current demand, with the result that the battery did not instantaneously take up the overload so that a portion of the demand was furnished by the constant voltage source, causing a disturbance in the lamp circuit. This sluggishness in action is due to various causes, resulting, for example, from a time lag in the regulator, due to inertia in the regulating devices or Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 26, 1918.

Renewed February 9, 1918. Serial No. 216,392.

a lag in booster magnetism due to inductance in its field windings or to hysteresis.

In a co-pendi'ng application, Serial No. 752,866, filed March 8, 1913, I have described and claimed a booster system in which the booster re ulating action is brought about entirely by its armature current and which will instantaneously respond to circuit conditions.

The present invention is a modification of the system described and claimed in said prior application.

An object of this invention is to simplify the construction of the booster.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the size and weight of the booster.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the cost of manufacture of the system of distribution.

These and other objects may be attained by the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents diagrammatically one embodiment of the invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 are respectively an end view and a vertical section diagrammatically illustrating the improved booster.

Fig. 4.- represents diagrammatically a modified system.

Fig. 1 illustrates a constant voltage source of any preferred type. In this instance a generator is provided with an armature l, a series field 2, and a shunt field 8. Suitable automatic or other regulating means i may be employed to regulate the shunt field. A lighting circuit 5 and a variable load, iere illustrated as motors 6, are connected across the main leads 7 and 8. A storage battery 9 is connected across the variable load circuit, the number of cells of the battery being so chosen that the battery will neither charge nor discharge at the normal voltage of the source. A regulating booster is connected in series in the lead 7 between the lamp circuit and the storage battery.

The booster shown more in detail in Figs. 2 and 3 has an armature 10 provided with an armature winding 11 connected to a commutator 12 in the usual manner. The arma ture revolves within a yoke 13 of magnetic material provided with pole pieces 14. The purpose of the pole pieces is simply to complete the magnetic circuit for the flux set up by the current flowing through the armature windings. This purpose would be served as well by a continuous ring without definite polar projections, but such a structure would give rise to undesirable sparking at the brushes. To provide neutral spaces to insure good commutation and sparkless operation of the brushes, therefore, the external ring is preferably cut away, as illustrated forming the pole pieces. The armature winding is of comparatively low resistance and is connected by brushes 15 and 16 in series in the lead 7. The booster is also provided with an additional pair of brushes 17 and 18, bearing on the commutator 12 and disposed substantially ninety electrical degrees from the brushes 15 and 16. The brushes 17 and 18 are designed to be connected across a source of substantially constant potential, as hereinafter described.

The booster is driven by a suitable dynamotor or direct current converter having its high voltage winding connected across the leads 7 and 8 by the brushes 19 and 20 bearing on commutator 21. The dynamotor also has a low voltage winding connected to commutator 22, cooperating with brushes 23 and 2 1. Brushes 23 and 24 are connected to the brushes 17 and 18 01 the booster.

The dynamotor has a shunt field 25 and is controlled by a starting box 26.

The voltage developed across the low voltage brushes 23 and 21 of the dynamotor will hear at all times a fixed relation to the voltage across the leads 7 and 8 across which the high voltage brushes 19 and 20 are con nected. In practice the voltage across the brushes 23 and 21 will ordinarily be about 25% of the voltage across the leads 7 and 8, although, of course this proportion may be varied when desired.

The operation of the system is as follows:

Upon the passage of current through the armature winding 11 connected through the brushes 15 and 16, a magnetic flux will be developed having a symmetry axis in line with these brushes and upon rotation of the armature an E. M. F. will be developed across the brushes 17 and 18 at right angles to this flux axis. The indings are so proportioned that with the passage of the predetermined desired constant current through the winding 11 the E. M. F. developed across brushes 17 and 1.8 will be post equal to the E. M. F. developed across the dynamotor brushes 23 and Qlso that no current will flow in the armature winding between these brushes 17 and 18. The voltage across the load circuit will, therefore, be equal to the voltage 01 the source and the battery will justfloat across the line.

Increase f current through brushes 15 and 16, due to an increase in demand by the motors will cause the E. M. F. developed across brushes 17 and 18 to predominate over the E. M. F. across the brushes 23 and 24, with the result that a current will circulate' in the armature winding between brushes 17 and 18. A. magnetic flux will conseipiently be set up in line with these brushes 17 and 18 which will develop an M. F. across brushes 15 and 16 in a direction to oppose the M. F. of the source, causing. therefore, a reduction in voltage across the fluctuating load circuit. Under these conditions the battery will discharge into the load circuit to meet the excess demand.

A. decrease of current through brushes 15 and 16 below the normal demand will, of course result in the E. M. F. across brushes 17 and 18 falling below that across brushes 23 and 24, with the result that current will circulate in the armature winding between brushes 17 and 18 in the opposite direction. This will develop an E. M. F. across brushes 15 and 16 in a direction to assist the E. M. F. of the source. thus causing a charging current to How to the battery.

The result under either condition is to tend to hold the current flowing through the brushes 15 and 16 to a constant uormalyalue.

The booster in this system may be built with a standard type armature and commutator, while the double wound armature may be applied to the dynamotor which in practice will be a smaller and much cheaper machine.

Fig. 1- illustrates a modified system in which the voltage transformation from the high voltage source to the low voltage admitted to the booster brushes 17 and 18 is accomplished by a separate machine. The booster is the same as that illustrated in Fig. 1. It is driven by 'a small motor 27 con nected across the leads 7 and 8 and provided with a shunt field 25 and starting box 26. as is the dynamotor in Fig. 1. A small dynamotor or direct current con erter 23 is proided to transform the high voltage of the battery to the comparatively low voltage which is opposedto the voltage developed across the brushe 17 and 18 with the passage of current through brushes 15 and 16. The high voltage winding of the dynamotor 28 is connected across the line. preferably on the variable work circuit side of the booster through the brushes 29 and 30. The shunt field winding 31 maybe regulated by the same starting box 26 that controls the motor. The low voltage windings are connected through brushes 32 and 33 and suitable conductors to the booster brushes 17 and 18. The dynamotor may be designed to operate a very high speed and furthermore is only called upon to deliver current through brushes 32 and when regulation is required of the booster to offset any departure from the normal value of constant current passing through the same, so that the dynamotor may be a small and inexpensive machine.

The operation of this system is electrically the same as that of Fig. 1 and will therefore be clear from the description of Fig. 1.

By connecting the high voltage windings of the dynamotor 28 on the variable load side of the booster, it will be subjected to the variations in voltage on the load circuit and this variable voltage will be proportionately effective on the low voltage brushes connected with the booster brushes l7 and 18. This will aid in obtaining very illustrated are for the purposes of illustration and it is obvious that various rearrangements of parts may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

WVhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

1. In combination, a constant voltage source, a circuit adapted to carry a fluctuating load, a second source connected across the load circuit, a dynamo-electric machme having brushes connected in series between said first source and said load circuit and having additional brushes displaced from said first brushes, and a second dynamoelectric machine connected across the system having means for developing a voltage proportionate to the voltage of one of said sources, said second machine being electrically connected to the additional brushes of said first machine to oppose the voltage effective across said additional brushes.

2. In combination, a constant voltage source, a fluctuating load circuit, a second source connected across the load circuit, a constant current booster having armature windings and brushes therefor connected in series between said first source and said load circuit, means for supplying a voltage proportional to the voltage of one of sa d sources, and a second set of brushes for said booster, said second brushes being connected to said means, the voltage across said brushes being in opposition to the voltage supplied by said means.

3. In combination, a source of supply, a circuit adapted to carry a fluctuating load, a storage battery connected across the load circuit, a dynamo-electric machine having an armature winding and two pairs of brushes therefor spaced ninety electrical degrees apart, one pair of brushes being connected in series between said source and the load circuit, and a dynamotor having one set of windings connected across said load circuit and the other set of windings connected to the second pair of brushes of the dynamo electric machine, the E. M. F. developed in said last mentioned winding being in opposition to the E. M. F. developed across the brushes of the dynamo-electric machine to which said winding is connected.

1-. In combination, a constant voltage source, a supplemental source, a variable load circuit and means for determining the proportion of load to be carried by each source, said means including aconstant current booster having armatur windings and two pairs of brushes therefor, one pair of brushes con nected in series between said sources whereby variations in current flowing between said brushes will set up a flux in said armature in line with said brushes, the second pair of brushes being displaced from said first pair whereby the flux set up by current flowing between said first brushes will develop an E. M. F. across said second pair of brushes depending in strength and direction on the strength and direction of current flowing between said first brushes, and a dynamotor developing a voltage proportional to that of one of said sources, the brushes of the dynamotor being connected in opposition to the second brushes of said constant current booster.

In an electrical system of distribution, a constant potential source, a supplemental. source, a regulating booster and a dynamoelectric machine adapted to develop a voltage, proportional to that of one of said sources, said booster being provided with a pair of brushes connecting windings on the armature of said booster across the brushes of the dynamo-electric machine in opposition thereto and said booster also being provided with a pair of brushes connecting windings on the armature of said booster in series with said first source, said windings being so proportioned that a predetermined current through said series brushes will develop an E. M. F. across said first pair of brushes exactly equal and opposed to the E. M. F. of said dynamo-electric machine whereby a decrease in said predetermined current will cause said first source to send a current through said first pair of brushes in one direction and an increase in said predetermined current will cause the E. M. F. across said first pair of brushes to predominate over the E. M. F. of said dynamo-electric machine.

6. In an electrical system of distribution, a main source of supply, a supplementary source, a circuit adapted to carry a fluctuating load supplied by said sources, a regulating dynamo-electric machine for determining the proportion of load to be carried by each source, said dynamo-electric machine having a pair of brushes to be connected across a source of E. M. F., and a second dynamo-electric machine developing a potential proportional to that of one of said first mentioned sources at a pair of brushes connected across said first pair of brushes and in opposition thereto.

7. In an electric system of distribution, a main source of supply, a supplementary source, a circuit adapted to carry a fluctuating load supplied by said sources, a regulating dynamo-electric machine for determining the proportion of load to be supplied by each source, said dynamo-electric machine having a pair of brushes to be connected across a potential source, a motor for driving said dynamo-electric machine, a second dynamo-electric machine delivering a potential proportional to that of one of said sources and having its brushes connected to said first brushes in opposition thereto, means for driving said second dynamo-electric machine, and means for simultaneously controlling the starting and stopping of said motor and said second dynamo-electric machine.

8. In an electrical system of distribution a main source of supply, a supplementary source, a circuit adapted to carry a fluctuating load supplied by said sources, a regulating dynamo-electric machine for determining the proportion of load to be supplied by each source, said dynamo-electric machine having a pair of brushes to be connccted across a potential source, a motor for driving said dynamo-electric machine, a dynamotor delivering at one pair of brushes a potential proportional to that of one of said sources and having said brushes connected to the brushes of said dynamo-electric machine in opposition thereto, and

means for simultaneously controlling the starting and stopping of said motor and said dynamotor.

9. In an electric system of distribution, a main source of supply, a supplementary source, a fluctuating load supplied by said sources, a regulating dynamo-electric machine for determining the proportion of load to be supplied by each source, said dynamoelectric machine having a pair of brushes to be connected across a potential source, a motor for driving said dynamo-electric machine, a second dynamo-electric machine delivering a potential proportional to that of one of said sources and having its brushes connected to said first brushes in opposition thereto, and means for driving said second dynamo-electric machine.

10. In an electrical system of distribution, a main source of supply, a supplementary source, a fluctuating load supplied by said sources, a regulating dynamo-electric machine for determining the proportion of load to be supplied by each source, said dynamoelectric machine having a pair of brushes to be connected across a potential source, a motor for driving said dynamo-electric machine, and a dynamotor delivering at one pair of brushes a potential proportional to that of one of said sources and having said brushes connected to the brushes of said dynamo-electric machine in opposition thereto.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE.

Copies of! this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of ratentl,

Washington, D. G."

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