US1246962A

US1246962A - Rotary cutter.

Info

Publication number: US1246962A
Application number: US8519616A
Authority: US
Inventors: Henry M Loomer
Original assignee: United Shoe Machinery Co AB
Current assignee: USM Ltd; United Shoe Machinery Co AB
Priority date: 1916-03-18
Filing date: 1916-03-18
Publication date: 1917-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 1934-11-20

Description

v H, M. LOOM ER.

ROTARY CUTTER. APPL ICATION FILED MAR-1Bpl9l6- Patented Nov. 20, 1917-.

MFA/727R;

eras earn MACHINERY COMPANY. OF PATERSON',

J ERSEY.

NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW ROTARY CUTTER.

Specification of Letters Patent. pategnted N0 ,'20, 1917,

Application filed March 18, 1916. Serial No. 85,196.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY M. LOOMER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Beverly, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain Improvements in Rotary Gutters, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like reference characters on the drawings indicating like parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to rotarycutters such as are used in the manufacture of shoes for trimming the edges of shoe soles. The invention is herein illustrated in its application to a type of cutter which is particularly adapted for trimming the shank portion of the sole edge, but it should be understood that this type of cutter is only an example of various types included within the field of applicability of the invention and that this field is not necessarily restricted to cutters used in shoe manufacture.

The invention provides a cutter of great durability which may be produced at comparatively small expense, and provides also a novel and improved method for use in the manufacture of rotary cutters. The various novel features of the cutter and the several steps of the improved method will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and pointed out'in the claims.

In the drawings I Figures 1 and 2 show a cutter blank in side and end elevations respectively,

Figs. 3 and 4 show the blank in end and side elevations respectively at a stage in the manufacture of the cutter subsequent to that represented by Figs. 1 and 2,

Figs. 5 and 6 cutter, corresponding respectively to Figs. 3 and 4, Fig. (5 illustrating also one of the steps in the manufacture of the cutter, and

Fig. 7 is a developed sectional view on the line 7-7 of Fig. 5.

In the manufacture of the illustrated cutter a blank 2 is first made in the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2, this blank being circular in outline and the periphery of the blank having a transverse contour which is the complement of the transverse contour desired for the edge of the shoe sole. Since the edge of a sole in the shank should usuare views of thefinished transversely ofthe periphery of the blank.

This slot may be formed conveniently in the usual way by theuse of a milling cutter. In the illustrated construction the slot at extends I in substantially parallel relation to the axis of the blank, but it may be variously disposed as, for example, the front face of the cutter tooth to form an angle with the aXis.

to cause the plane of I Either before or after the slot 4 is cut in the blank, as may be found most convenient, the blank is bored in such manner as to permit the cutter to be mounted upon the end of the operating shaft. The bore, shown at 8, which as usual enlarges slightly from the smaller to the larger end of the cutter, is somewhat offset from the center of the blank and is nearest to that portion of the periphery which is diametrically opposite to the cutting edge 6, as shown in Figs'3 and 4:. This affords the requisite radialclearance for the peripheral'surface of the cutter behind the cutting edge; and in a cutter formed in this manner the slow and expensive step of backing off or tipping back the teeth, which is necessary in cutters as usually made here tofore, is eliminated. In a cutter of the type shown in the drawings, moreover, in whic the peripheral surface slopes transversely from a smaller as well as radial clearance is necessary'for the best results; otherwise that part of the cutting edge indicated at a, for example, in Fig. at will not cut as freely as the part indicated at b, and the portion of the peripheral surface behind the part a will have a relatively greater tendency to rub the work. According to this invention, such lateral clearance is afforded simply by inclining the bore 8 relatively to the axis of the cutter blank about which the peripheral surface is described. This will be evident from reference to Fig. in which the axis of the blank is indicated atc and the axis of the bore 8,

to a larger diameter, lateral has is not only below the axis 0 but is also inclined downwardly relatively to the axis a in the direction of the larger end of the cutter. Both radial and lateral clearance for the cutter are thus afforded simply by the manner of locating the bore 8.

It will be apparent, from reference to Fig. 4, that at this stage in the manufacture of the cutter the planes of the end faces of the blank are inclined relatively to the axis cZ ofthe bore 8. It is usually desirable that the smaller end face of the finished cutter lie in a plane perpendicular to this axis, since in the use of the cutter the usual shield engages this face and the edge of the shield should preferably rotate in a true plane. Preferably also the larger end face of the cutter should lie similarly in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. In the cutter herein shown, therefore, both end faces are dressed off to bring them into perpendicular relation to the axis (Z. This step will be more clearly understood from a comparison of the planes of the end faces of the blank in Fig. 4. with the dash lines 6 and 7 which correspond to the planes of the end faces of the finished cutter seen in Fig. 6.

The steps thus far detailed are all that are necessary to the production of a satisfactory operative cutter. By reference to Fig. however, it will be seen that the portion of the peripheral surface indicated at 10, while nearer to the of the bore 8 than the corresponding portion adjacent to the cutting edge 6, is farther from the axis than the portion directly below the bore 8. Since the, cutting edge is substantially at the portion of the peripheral surface farthest distant from the axis, it will be apparent that the extent to which a cutter such as shown in Fig. 3 can be ground, while still maintaining clearance with reference to the part 10, is limited to a point at a circumferential distance from the cutting edge slightly less than the circumferential width of the slot In order to prolong the usefulness of the cutter, therefore, it is preferable to cut away a portion at the periphery of the blank between the point of least eccentricity and the front edge of the slot l. This may be done in any convenient way, as by the use of a common form of b: cking off too] indicated at 12 in Fig. 6. In the cutter herein shown enough of the blank is cut away to cause all portions of the peripheral surface between the two points mentioned to lie at least as near to the axis of rotation as the corresponding portions of the surface at the point of least eccentricity. the cutter being turned about the axis (Z while presented for the action of the tool 12. A cutter as thus formed may be ground until the cutting edge is finally at a point nearly 180 degrees distant from the point at which it is located when the cutter is new.

By reference to Figs. 5, 6 and 7 it will be seen that the finished cutter herein shown presents an unbroken peripheral surface ex tending in a curve from the cutting edge 6 to the opposite side of the slot l. From the point 9 at the edge 6 (Fig. 5) to a point a. substantially diametrically. opposite, the curve of the peripheral surface of the cutter has a relatively long radius (for example 2', Fig. 5) and is described about an axis (0, Figs. 2- and t) which is nearer to the edge 6 than the axis of rotation of the cutter (5], Figs. l and 6) and is non-parallel to the axis of rotation. The curye of the peripheral surface, beginning the cutting edge, thus gradually approaches the axis of rotation of the cutter for substantially half the distance around the cutter. From the point it to the point 7' at the front edge of the slot f the peripheral surface has a relatively short radius for example h, Fig. 5) and is described about an axis substantially coincident. with the axis of rotation of the cutter. That portion of the peripheral surface from 71 to j is thus substantially within the curve of the path of revolution of that portion of the periphery at the point of least eccentricity or, in other words, is at no point farther from the axis than that point in the same plane of revolution which is opposite to the point h, Fig. 5. Y

The illustrated cutter is provided with the usual rand cutting lip 14. It will be apparent that in a cutter made according to the method herein explained the inner surface of this lip will be increasingly offset relatively to the plane of rotation, for sub.- stantially half the distance around the cutter, in the same sense the portion of th periphery of the cutter behind that part of the cutting edge indicated at a. Suiiicient clearance of the lip, however, is insured by reason of the slope on its bined with the eccentricity of the cutter, as a result of which that small portion of the surface of the lip which might be in position to rub the work actually recedes from the work behind the cutting edge. clear from reference to Fig. 7 which shows the lip in a section developed from curve the center of which is at the axis of rotation of the cutter. The line 16 is the line forming the corner between the lip and the face 6, and is seen to be farther from the outer face 6 at 18 than at 20, the latter point being near the cutting edge. The shaded porion of Fig. 7 shows that the radial drop in combination with the slope 22 of the side of the lip gives it a clearance.

It will be readily apparent from the preceding description that, within comparatively wide limits, the shape and size of the recess 4 are immaterial, as is also the manner in which. this recess is formed to provide the cutting edge, and that although the This will be periphery be curved of the cutter may conveniently as shown and described between the points it and j, the portion of thecutter between the point it and the front ofthe cutter tooth may have other forms consistent With the object of affording" such clearance as may be desired in order to prolong the usefulness of the cutter. In these respects, as Well as others, therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not to be regarded as limited to the precise constructionshown and described, nor to'the precise manner herein indicated of carrying out the different steps of the improved method. It will be apparent also that the manufacture of the improved cutter is not dependent upon a series of steps carried out in the precise order in which they are detailed in the foregoing description, and it'should be understood that except as required by the context the claims to the novel method herein disclosed arenot to be regarded as limited to a series of steps in the precise order named.

Having described the invention, What I claim as new .and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is i 1, A rotary cutter formed as a Single piece provided with a bore to permit the cutter to be mounted upon its operating shaft and having a single cutting edge transverse to'its periphery, the cutter having a peripheral surface extending from said cutting edge on a curve that gradually approaches the axis of said bore for substantially half the distance around the cutter.

2. A rotary cutter formed as a single piece provided with a bore to permit the cutter to be mounted upon its operating shaft and having a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery, a portion ofthe peripheral surface of revolution of the cutter forming a curve beginning at said cutting edge and gradually approaching the axis of said'bore and the remainder of said surface being substantially Within the curve of the path of revolution of said first named portion.

3. A rotarycutter having a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery and a peripheral surface a portion ofwhich' beginning at said cutting edge is'formed on a curve that gradually approaches the axis of rotation of the cutter for substantially half the distance around the cutter, the remainder of said peripheral surface being substantially Within the curve of the path of revolution of said first named portion;

4. A rotary cutter formed as a single piece having a recess in its periphery to provide a cutting edge and a peripheral surface extending around the cutter from said cutting edge to the opposite side of said recess, said piece being provided With a'bore to permit the cutter to be mounted upon its operating shaft, said bore being located farther "from ripheral portion of the cutter.

. 5. A rotary cutter having a smgle cutting edge transverse to its periphery, the cutter having a portion of its peripheral surface of revolution beginning at said cutting edge formed on a curve that gradually approaches the axis of rotation ofthe cutter and the remainder of its peripheral surface formed on a curve described about an axis non-coincident With the axis of the curve of said first named portion. I a

6. A rotary cutterformed With a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery, the cutter having a portion of its peripheral surface of revolution beginning at said cutting edge. formed on an are described about an axis at one side of the axis ofrotation of the cutter, and the remainder of said surface formed on an arc described about an axis substantially coincident With said axis of rotation.

7. A rotary cutter of greater diameter at one end than at the other and having a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery, thecutter having a portion of its peripheral surface of revolution beginning at said cut-' ting edge formed on a curve that gradually approaches the'axis of rotation of the cutter and described about an axis non-parallel to said axis of rotation and the remainder of said surface formed on a curve described about an axis substantially coincident with said axis of rotation.

8. Arotary cutter of greater diameter at one end than at the other and having a cutting edge and a peripheral surface extending from said edge on a curve that gradually approaches the axis of rotation of the cutter forsubstantially half the distance around the cutter, said cutter being formed also to provide lateral clearance behind the cutting edge increasing for substantially half the distance around the cutter.

9. A rotary cutter of-greater diameter at one end than at the other and having a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery, the cutter being formed to provide both radial and lateral clearance for aportion of-the distance around the cutter and to provide radial clearance: for the remainder of the distancearound the cutter.

10. A rotary cutter having a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery and a=peripheral surface of revolution beginning at said cutting edge described about an axis non-parallel to the axis of rotation of the .of revolution beginning at said cutting edge described about an axis which is non-parallel to the axis of rotation of the cutter and diverges from said axis of rotation in the direction of the larger end of the cutter.

12. A rotary cutter of greater diameter at one end than at the other and having a peripheral surface concavely curved in transverse contour with a single cutting edge extending across the periphery, said cutter having a peripheral surface of revolution beginning at said cutting edge described about an axis that is nearer to said cutting edge than the axis of rotation of the cutter and diverges from said axis of rotation in the direction of the larger end of the cutter.

13. A rotary cutter having a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery and a pcripheral surface of revolution beginning at said cutting edge described about an axis that extends across the cutter, the cutter having a bore the axis of which is nonparallel to the axis about which said surface is described.

14. A rotary cutter of greater diameter at one end than at the other and having a cutting edge transverse to its periphery and a peripheral surface of revolution beginning at said cutting edge described about an axis that extends across the cutter, the cutter having a bore so disposed relatively to said cutting edge and to the axis about which said surface is described as to provide both radial and lateral clearance behind the cutting edge. j

15. The method of making rotary cutters which consists in forming a blank of greater diameter at one end than at the other with a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery, and forming a bore in the blank in such relation to the periphery of the blank as to provide both radial and lateral clearance. behind the cutting edge when the cutter is rotated about the axis of said bore.

16. The method of making rotary cutters which consists in forming a substantially circular blank of greater diameter at one end than at the other, making a slot in the blank to provide a cutting edge transverse to the periphery of the blank, and forming a bore in the blank in such relation to the cutting edge and to the axis of the blank as to provide both radial and lateral clear ance behind the cutting edge when the cutteris rotated about the axis of said bore.

117. The method of making rotary cutters which consists in forming a blank of greater diameter at one end than at the other with a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery, and forming a bore in the blank relatively remotefrom said cutting edge with the axis of the bore so inclined relatively to the axis of the blank as to provide lateral clearance for that portion of the peripheral surface near the larger end of the cutter when the cutter is rotated about the axis of said bore neeaeea 18. The method of making rotary cutters which consists in forming a blank of greater diameter at one end than at the other with a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery, forming a bore in the blank in such relation to the periphery of the blankas to provide both radial and lateral clearance behind the cutti-ig edge when the cutter is rotated about the axis of said bore, and forming an end face of the cutter in perpendicular relation to the axis of said bore.

19. The method of making rotary cutters which consists in forming a substantially circular blank of greater diameter at one end than at the other with .a single cutting edge transverse to its periphery, forming a bore in the blank with its axis in non-parallel relation to the axis of the blank to provide lateral clearance behind the cutting edge when the cutter is rotated about the axis of said bore, and forming an end face of the blank in perpendicular relation to the axis of said bore.

20. The method of making rotary cutters which consists in forming a substantially circular blank of greater diameter at one end than at the other, making a slot in the blank to provide a cutting edge transverse to the periphery of the blank, forming a bore in the blank with its axis in non-parallel relation to the axis of the blank to provide lateral clearance behind the cutting edge when the cutter of said bore, and forming the end faces of the blank is perpendicular relation to the axis of said bore.

21'. The method of making rotary cutters which consists in forming a substantially circular blank, making a slot in the blank to provide a cutting edge transverse to its periphery, and forming a bore in the blank in such relation to the periphery as to provide radial clearance behind the cutting edge when the cutter is rotated about the axis of said bore.

22. The methodv of making rotary cutters which consists in fonning a substantially circular blank, making a slot in the blank to provide at the rear of the slot a cutting edge transverse to the periphery of the blank, forming a bore in the blank relatively near to that portion of the blank which is diametrically oppositeto said cutting edge, and cutting away a portion of the blank at the periphery between said diametrically opposite portion and the front of said slot.

23. The method of making rotary cutters which consists in forming a substantially circular blank of greater diameter at one end than at the other, making a slot in the blank to provide at the rear of the slot a cutting edge transverse to the periphery of the blank, forming a bore in the blank relatively near to that portion of the blank which is diam ic ly opposite to said out:

is rotated about the axis ting edge with the axis of the bore at an angle to the axis of the blank to provide lateral clearance behind the cutting edge when the cutter is rotated about the axis of said bore, forming the end faces of the blank in perpendicular relation to the axis of said bore, and cutting away a portion at the periphery of the blank between said diametrically opposite portion and the front of said slot. 1)

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification. v

HENRY LOOMER.

Copies of this patent maybe obtained for five cents each, by addressing the commissioner of Patents,

. Washington, D. G.